•  * 


,-.•••• 


THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  ILLINOIS 

LIBRARY 
<ML1  31 


rois 


All  About  the  Baby 

and.  .  .  . 

Preparations   for  its  Advent;   also   Instruction 

as  to  the  use  of 

Homeopathic  Remedies 

For  the  Treatment  of  Ordinary  Ailments. 

Many  a  serious  disease  might  be  averted  by  timely  treatment,  and 
the  object  of  this  volume  is  to  instruct  the  mother  on  the  proper  care 
of  her  child,  and  to  give  this  information  in  as  plain  and  simple  a  man- 
ner as  possible. 

•••SOLD  BY  SUBSCRIPTION  ONLY  - 


Illustrated   and    Handsomely    Bound   in    Polished   Silk   Cloth, 

Octavo,    with    Embossed    Design    in    Cold    and    Colors       .       . 


Rand,  McNally  & 


AGENTS   WANTED. 


Co.,  Publishers, 

166   Adams   Street,   Chicago. 


THE   LATEST   ACKNOWLEDGED 

STANDARD  MANUAL 

FOR 

Presidents,  Secretaries, 
Directors,  Chairmen, 
Presiding  Officers, 

AND  EVERYONE  IN   ANY  WAY  CONNECTED  WITH   PUBLIC  LIFE 
OR    CORPORATE    BODIES,  IS 

REED'S  RULES 


HON.  THOMAS  B.  REED, 


MAPS  AND  GLIDES 


TO   ALL  OF  THE 


Principal  Cities 

AND 

EVERY    COUNTRY 

.IN    THE    WORLD 


Speaker  of+he  House  of  Representatives. 


N,  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

I  commend  the  book  most  highly. 

W.  MoKIKtET,  Governor  of  Ohio.    ' 


IN    HANDY   POCKET    FORM. 

CLOTH,  75   CENTS;    LEATHER,  $1.25. 

RAND,  MCNALLY  4.  CO.,  CHICAGO. 


Globes,  Map  Racks,  Spring  Map  Rollers,  German 
Maps,  Wall  and  Tocket  Maps,  Historical  Maps,  Classi- 
cal, Biblical,  Historical,  Anatomical,  Astronomical, 
Physical,  and  General  Atlases  of  all  kinds  kept  in 
stock.  Address 

RAND,  McNALLY  &  CO., 

Map  Publishers  and  Kn^ravers, 

1«2  to  172  Adams  Street,  CHICAGO. 


In  all  "UNRIVALED   CHICAGO" 

~s 

there  is  no  establishment  so  remarkable  as  our 

"STORE  OF  ALL  THE  PEOPLE.' 

no  production  so  unique,  so  wonderful  in  its  effect  upon 
the  affairs  of  the  People  (\ve  mean  the  thrifty,  wide-awake 
ones),  as  our  new 

General  Catalogue  *** 
*****    Supers' 

GET  IT- GET  OTHERS   TO   GET  IT. 

"Ft"    ^s  a  k°°k  of   /oo  pages,  containing    13,000   illustrations,  and   more    than  40,000 
**•         dependable  descriptions,  including  almost  everything  that's  used  in  life. 

"Ft"    tells   you    what  you    ought   to    pay,  no   matter   what   you   buv,  or   where   you 
11         buy  it. 

"It"  should  be  in  the  house  of  every  bright  buyer,  the  true  and  trusty  guide  to 
the  value  of  all  that's  bought,  showing  how  and  where  the  most  and  best 
for  the  money  may  be  had. 

"  It  "  *s  sent  to  any  address  f°r  :  5  cents,  in  coin  or  stamps.  The  book  itself  is  free 
—  the  1 5  cents  is  to  pay  part  of  the  actual  postage  or  expressage. 


we  SAY 


AGAIN: 


GET  IT- GET  OTHERS    TO   GET  IT, 


for  the  CO-OPERATION  of  the  People  is  what  enables  us  to  make  and 
maintain  prices  in  their  favor,  saving  them  the  always  high,  and  often 
exorbitant,  charges  of  "middlemen." 


THE  STORE  OF  ALL  THE  PEOPLE. 
MONARCHS  OF  THE  MAIL  ORDER  BUSINESS. 

Call  and  look  through  our  great  lo-acre  store  when  in  the  city.  We  have 
uniformed  guides,  who  will  show  you  all  points  of  interest ;  and,  our  word  for 
it,  you'll  enjoy  and  never  forget  the  visit. 

Ill  to  116   Michigan  Avenue,  CHICAGO, 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO 


CONTAINING 


AN   HISTORICAL  NARRATIVE 


OF 


THE  GREAT  CITY  S  DEVELOPMENT 

AND 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  POINTS  OF  INTEREST,  SUCH  AS 
PARKS,  BOULEVARDS,  PROMINENT  BUILDINGS,  PUBLIC  INSTITUTIONS, 
COLLEGES,  RAILROAD  DEPOTS,  HOTELS,  ETC. 


WITH 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF  REPRESENTATIVE    MEN 
IN  THEIR  SEVERAL  LINES. 


PRO'FUREL  Y  ILL  U8TRA  TED 

•i..  AND 

ACCOMPAXIEI)    />')'   TWO   ACCUKATR   MAPS   OF   THE   CTTY. 


CHICAGO  AND  NEW  YORK  : 
BAND,  McXALLY   &    COMPANY,    PUBLISHERS. 

1897. 


Kimball  Pianos 


v  v  I 


PIANO    AND    ORGAN     FACTORIES     OF    W.    W.    KIMBALL    CO.,    CHICAGO,    U.    S.    A. 

Output  thirty  Pianos  and  sixty  Organs  a  day. 
Floor  space  eleven  acres. 


Kimball  Pianos  «£&.  Highest  Honors  at  the  World's  Fair. 


The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  the  many  eminent  musicians  who  use 
and  recommend  these  instruments: 


Adelina  Patti. 
Emma  Calve. 
I.illi  Lehmann. 
Sophia  Scalchi. 
Minnie  Hauk. 
Emma  Albani. 
Rosa  Sucher. 
E.  Fursch-Madi. 
Guirrina  Fabbri. 
Clementine  De  Vere. 
Olimpia  Guercia. 
Marie  Tavary. 
Pauline  L'Allemand. 
Marguerite  Samuel. 


Emma  Eames. 
Jean  de  Reszke. 
Edouard  de  Reszke. 
A.  De  Novellis. 
Jean  Lassalle. 
L.  Mancinelli. 
E.   Bevignani. 
Pol.  Plancon. 
Emil  Liebling. 
Chas.  Kunkel. 
C.  M.  Ziehrer. 
John  Phillip  Sousa. 
Robert  Goldbeck. 
W.  E.  Heimendahl. 


Lillian  Nordica. 
Max  Alvary. 
Francesco  Tamagno. 
Giuseppe  Del  Puente. 
Fernando  De  Lucia. 
Conrad  Behrens. 
Emil  Fischer. 
Pablo  De  Sarasate. 
Ovide  Musin. 
Luigi  Ravelli. 
Julius  Perotti. 
Antonio  Galassi. 
Zelie  de  Lussan. 
P.  S.  Gilmore. 


Katherina  Klafsky. 
Victor  Maurel. 
G.  Campanari. 
Francisco  Vignas. 
Mario  Ancona. 
Paul  Kalisch. 
Luigi  Arditi. 
Durward  Lely. 
A.  Mascheroni. 
E.  Remenyi. 
Theodor  Salmon. 
E.  Ruschweyh. 
Henri  Marteau. 
Cesar  Thomson. 


The  Piano  thus  indorsed  by  the  collective  genius  and  authorities  of  the  world  may  be 
found  in  large  variety,  together  with  the  KIMBALL  REED  ORGANS  and  KIMBALL 
PIPE  ORGANS,  at  the  salesrooms  of 

W.  W.  Kimball  Company, 


Kimball  Hall,  Wabash  Ave.,  near  Jackson  Street, 


Chicago. 


Copyright,  18!Xi.  by  Hand.  McXnlly  &  Co. 


u 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


SUBJECTS. 


Page 

American   Biscuit   Co 60 

Armour   Institute  of  Technology 96 

Art    Institute    95 

Auditorium     The    :. 84 

Board    of    Trade 52 

Board   of  Trade   Building 51 

Booth   A.,    Packing   Co 62 

Business    Interests    51 

Central    Boulevard    17 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Building —  51 

Chicago    Academy    of    Sciences 95 

Chicago  Astronomical   Society 96 

Chicago    Athenaeum    96 

Chicago  College  of  Dental  Surgery.. 123 

Chicago  College  of   Law 89 

Chicago    Edison    Co 59 

Chicago    Historical    Society 96 

Chicago   Homeopathic   Medical    Col- 
lege      93 

Chicago  Opera  House    86 

Chicago    Policlinic    93 

Chicago   Public  Library 97 

Chicago    Telephone   Co 58 

Chicago    Varnish    Co 63 

Chicago    Veterinary    College 95 

Churches    98 

City    Parks    25 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  93 

College   of  Liberal   Arts 88 

Columbia   Theater    85 

Common   Schools.  The 88 

Criminal   Court  and   County  Jail 34 

Dental   School,   N.   W.   University...  88 

Dentists    124 

Depots    82 

Douglas    Boulevard    20 

Douglas  Park   20 

Drainage  System,   The    2f 

Drexel    Boulevard    23 

Dunham    Medical    College    93 

Early    History    -6 


Page 

Fire  Department 29 

Fire  of  July.   1S74 ..  13 

First    National    Bank 53 

Gage   Park    20 

Garfleld  Park  17 

Garfield  Boulevard    20 

Government    Building    31 

Graceland   Cemetery    77 

Grand    Boulevard    24 

Grand   Opera    House    86 

Great   Educational    Center 88 

Great    Fire.    The 10 

Greatest   Medical   Center: 102 

Great   Northern    Theater 86 

Hahnemann    Hospital.     The 116 

Harbor    30 

Haymarket  Square  75 

Henriei,    Philip    61 

Higher   Institutions    88 

Hooley's  Theater  85 

Hotels    82 

Humboldt    Boulevard    16 

Humboldt   Park    16 

Illinois   Art    Association 95 

Illinois  Training  School 95 

Introduction    1 

Jackson    Park    23 

Kaestner,   Chas.  &  Co 66 

Lake  Forest   College 90 

Lake  Forest   University 89 

Lake   Shore  Drive 16 

Lamson  Bros.  &  Co 54 

Law  Institute   98 

Law   School,   N.   W.   University 88 

Lawyers  35 

Lincoln    Park    16 

McVicker's    Theater    85 

Marion-Sims  Training  School 95 

Medical   Libraries   98 

Medical  School.  N.  W.  University...  88 
Michigan   ave.    Boulevard 25 


Page 

Midway  Plalsance  23 

Military    34 

Milwaukee    Avenue 77 

New  City,  The 14 

Newberry   Library    98 

Northwestern    University,    The 88 

Oakwood   Boulevard    24 

Orchestral   Association,    The 84 

Park   System,    The , 16 

Physicians    100 

Physio-Medical   College    93 

Places  of  Amusement   82 

Police   29 

Post-Graduate   Medical   College 117 

Presbyterian   Hospital   112 

Public  Buildings  34 

Relic  House  77 

Rush   Medical   College 90 

Schiller  Theater  86 

School  of  Pharmacy,  N.  W.  Univer- 
sity 


Sqhwarz,  Dupee  &  Co 53 

Southwest    Boulevard 20 

South    Bend.    Ind C7 

Studebaker  Building.  Michigan  ave.  66 
Studebaker  Building,  Wabash  ave..  67 

Thirty-fifth   Street   Boulevard 24 

Track  Elevation   29 

Union   Park    20 

Union   Srbck   Yards    51 

University  of  Chicago 92 

University  of  Ills.   School  of     Phar- 
macy      92 

Washington  Boulevard   19 

Washington  Park  21 

Water   Supply,    The 27 

Western  Bank  Note  &  Eng.  Co 61 

Woman's  College   88 

Woman's  Medical   School 89 


BIOGRAPHY 


Adams.  George  E... 
Aldrich.  Chas.  H... 
Bancroft,  Edgar  A. 

Barnum,  Wm.  H 

Belfleld.   Dr.   W.   T.. 

Bevan.  Dr.  A.  D 

Bisbee,    Lewis    H.... 

Bishop,   Dr.   S.   S 

Bond.   Lester  L 

Brewster.   E.    L 

Brophy,  Dr.  T.  W... 
Brown,  Geo.  W. 


Page 
....  36 
....  36 
....  36 
....  37 
....101 
....100 
....  37 
....102 
....  38 

54 

....124 
39 


Brown     Dr.    Sanger 101 

Bucklin,    H.    E 58 

Bunker.   Chas.    H 61 

Byford,   Dr.   Henry  T 104 

Camp,    Isaac   N 70 

Coe,    Albert  L 77 

Colburn,  Dr.  J.  E 104 

Coleman.  Dr.  W.  Franklin 103 

Collins,   L.    C.,  Jr 47 

Counselman.    Charles    55 

Cowperthwait.    Dr.   A.   C lOfi 

Crafts,   Clayton    E 38 

Cudahy.   John   57 

Davis, 'Dr.  Chas.   G 105 

Davis.  Jr..  Dr.  N.  S 105 

Dunn.    John    79 

l>unning,  Andrew  74 

Eberhart,    John    F 80 

Elliott,    Edward   S 40 

Elliott,   William  S..  Jr 41 

Etheridge.  Dr.  J.   H 107 

Forsyth,    Jacob    63 

Fowler,   Frank  T 65 

Gage,   Lyman  J 53 

Oilman.  Dr.  John  E 108 

Goldspohn.    Dr.    A 109 


Page 

Gray,  W.   H 74 

Gridley.   Nelson  C 40 

Grosvenor,   Dr.  L.   C 109 

Harper,  Dr.  John  E 101 

Harper,   William   H 56 

Harvey,  George  M 66 

Hedges,  Dr.  S.   P 110 

Hill,    Lysander 39 

Hirschl,   Andrew   J 46 

Hurd,    Harvey    B 44 

Hyde,  Dr.  James  N Ill 

Ingals,  Dr.   E.   Fletcher Ill 

Isham,   Dr.   R.    N 113 

Ives  &   David,   Drs 112 

Jacobs,    B.    F 70 

Jay,    Dr.    Milton 113 

Jones.  J.   M.   W 71 

Jones,    Dr.    Samuel   J 112 

Karpen,    Adolph    65 

Keeney.    James    F 75 

Kent.    Sidney  A 55 

Kimball.    Wm.    W 74 

Kimbark.   S.   D 79 

King,    Dr.    Oscar   A 114 

Knight,    Clarence    A 42 

Kretzinger.    Geo.    W 40 

Kurz.    Adolph    45 

Law.    Robert    63 

Lawrence,    Edward    F 53 

Learning,    Jeremiah     42 

Low.  Dr.  James  E 124 

Lowden,    Frank    0 43 

Ludlam.  Dr.  Reuben 116 

Madden.    Martin    B 64 

Manierre.   Dr.    Chas.    E 115 

Mann,    James    R 43 

Martin,  Dr.  Franklin  H 115 

Mason,   Wm.   E 44 


Page 

McArthur,   Dr.    L.    L 100 

McFatrick,  Drs.  Jas.  B.  and  Geo. W. 114 

Miller,  John  S 38 

Miller,    Dr.    Truman   W 118 

Monroe  H.  S 45 

Montgomery.    Dr.    L.    H 115 

Newman.  Dr.  Henry  P 118 

Owens,    Dr.    John    E 119 

Parker,    J.    Graf  ton    78 

Parker,    John    R 47 

Pratt,    Dr.    Edwin   H 121 

Quincey,    T.    S. 


72 

Robinson,   Daniel  B 65 

Rosenthal.    James    45 

Rosenthal.    Kurz  &   Hirschl 45 

Sattley.  W.   N 71 

Scanlan,    Kickham    48 

Schneider,    George    63 

Schoeninger,  Adolph   69 

Sherman,    E.    B 45 

Smith,    Abner    35 

Smith,    Dunlap    78 

Smith,    Lloyd    J 55 


Spalding,    Dr.    Heman 120 

Stearns,'  Dr.  W.   M 121 

Stensland,    P.    0 30 

Streeter.   Dr.  J.   W 11J 

Studebaker.   Peter  E 66 

Sudduth,    Dr.    Wm.    X 121 

Tatge.    William    H 46 

Thornton,   Charles   S 49 

Torrence,    J.    T 72 

Tralnor,   John   C 49 

Vocke,    William 48 

Wacker,   Charles   H 68 

Wait,    Horatio    L 50 

Wheeler,   Harris  A 57 

Winston,  Frederick  S 51 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page 

Adams,   George   E 36 

Aldrich,   Chas.    H 36 

Armour  Institute  95 

Auditorium  Hotel,  entrance  to  Mich- 
igan   ave 83 

Bancroft,    Edgar  A 37 

Barnum,  Wm.  H 37 

Belfield.    Dr.    Wm.    T 101 

Sevan,    Dr.    A.    D 100 

Bishee,  Lewis  H 37 

Bishop,  Dr.   S.   S 102 

Board  of  Trade  Building 53 

Bond,    L.   L 38 

Booth,  A.,  Packing  Co.'s  Building...  62 

Brewster,    E.    L 54 

Brooks,    Dr.    Almon,    Residence 103 

Brophy,  Dr.  T.  W 124 

Brown,   George  W 39 

Brown,    Dr.    Sanger 102 

Bucklin,    H.    E.,    Building 58 

Bucklin,    H.    E 59 

Bunker,    Chas.   H 62 

Byford,   Dr.   Henry  T 104 

Camp,    Isaac    N 71 

Chicago    Athletic    Association 22 

Chicago  College  of  Dental  Surgery.123 

Chicago  University,  The 91 

Chicago   Varnish    Co.'s    Building 63 

Coe,  Albert  L 77 

Colburn,   Dr.   Joseph  E 104 

Coleman,   Dr.   W.   F 104 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  93 

Collins,   L.  C.,   Jr 47 

Columbus   Memorial   Building 25 

Corner   State   and   Monroe   Streets..    1 

Counselman,  Chas 55 

Cowperthwait.  Dr.  A.  C 106 

Crafts.  Clayton  E 38 

Cudahy,   John   57 

Davis,  Dr.  Charles  G 105 

Davis,  Jr..  Dr.  N.  S 105 

Dunn.  John 80 

Dynamo  Room.  Edison  Co 60 

Eberhart,   John    F 80 

Elk  in  Lincoln  Park 19 

Elliott,   Edward   S 40 

Elliott    Wm.  S.,  Jr 41 

Etheridge,  Dr.  J.  H 107 

Field,  M.  &  Co.'s  Building 85 

First  National  Bank  Building 54 

Fourth  Baptist  Church 98 

Fowler.  Frank  T 65 

Gage.    Lyman  J 53 

Oilman.  Dr.  John  E 108 

Goldspohn,    Dr.    A 109 

Graceland   Cemetery,    Scene   in 78 

Grand  Pacific  Hotel 5 


Page 
Grant  Monument  .  .    3 

Gray,  Wm.  H 74 

Gridley,    N.    C 40 

Grosvenor,  Dr.  L.  C 110 

Harper,    Wm.    H 57 

Haymarket  Square  76 

Hedges,  Dr.  S.  P Ill 

Herald  Building 12 

Hirschl,  Andrew  J 46 

Kurd,  Harvey  B 44 

Hyde,   Dr.  James  N HI 

Ingals.   Dr.    E.    Fletcher Ill 

Insurance  Exchange  Building 27 

Isham.  Dr.  R.  N 113 

Jay,   Dr.   Milton 113 

Jones,  Dr.  S.  J 113 

Jones,  J.  M.  W 71 

Kaestner.  Chas.  &  Co.'s  Building 66 

Karpen,  Adolph  65 

Keeney,  James  F 75 

Kent,   S.  A 56 

Kimbark,  S.'D 79 

Kimball,   W.  W 75 

King.    Dr.    Oscar   A 114 

Knight,  Clarence  A 42 

Knights  Templar  and  Masons'   Life 

.    Indemnity  Co   84 

Kretzinger,   Geo.  W 40 

Kurz,    Adolph    4fi 

Lawrence,  Edward  F 54 

Learning,    Jeremiah    42 

Lily  Pond.  Lincoln  Park 90 

Lily  Pond,   Washington  Park 21 

Lincoln  Monument   32 

Lincoln  Park  18 

Lincoln  Park   15 

Linne,  Statue  of 24 

Low.   Dr.   James  E 124 

Lowden,   Frank  0 43 

Ludlam.   Dr.   Ruben 116 

Madden.    M.    B 64 

Manierre,    Dr.   Chas.   E 115 

Mann.  James  R 43 

Map.  Mouth  of  River 8 

Martin,    Dr.    Franklin   H 115 

Mason,  Wm.  E 44 

Masonic    Temple,    The 84 

McArthur,  Dr.  L.  L 100 

McCormick  Seminary   94 

McFatrick,  Dr.  Geo.  W 114 

McFatrick,  Dr.  James  B 114 

Medical  Center.  View  of 103 

Miller,    Dr.    Truman    W 118 

Milwaukee  Ave 77 

Monadnock  Block 14 

Monroe,  H.  S 45 

Newberry  Library  96 


Page 

Newman,   Dr.   H.  P 118 

New  England  Congregational  Ch'ch.  99 

Ottawa    Indian    Monument 9 

Owens,  Dr.   John  E 119 

Parker,    J.    Grafton 78 

Parker,  John  R 47 

Post-Graduate  Medical   School 117 

Pratt.    Dr.   Edwin   H 122 

Presbyterian  Hospital   112 

Quincey,  T.  S 72 

Rand-McNally  Building  30 

Relic  House  77 

Rosenthal.  James  46 

Rush  Medical  College 92 

Sattley,  W.   N 71 

Scanlan.    Kickham    48 

Schiller,  Statue  of 10 

Schiller,    Theater    87 

Schoeninger,  Adolph,  Residence 70 

Schoeninger,  Adolph   69 

Seal  Pond  17 

Sherman.   E.  B 45 

Smith,  Abner  35 

Smith,   Dunlap    78 

Smith,  Lloyd  J 55 

South  Water  Street 26 

Spalding,  Dr.  Heman 120 

Star  Accident  Building 72 

State  Street,  north  from  Quincy 4 

Stearns,  Dr.  W.  M 121 

Stensland,  P.  0 82 

Streeter  Hospital.  The 120 

Streeter.  Dr.  J.  W 120 

Studebaker  Building,   Wabash  ave..  68 
Studebaker  Building.  Michigan  ave.  67 

Studebaker.    Peter    E 66 

Studebaker  Residence,  South  Bend..  68 

Studebaker  Works,  South  Bend 67 

Sudduth,  Wm.  X 121 

Tacoma  Building  52 

Tatge,   Wm.    H 47 

Thornton,  Chas.  S 49 

Torrence,  J.  T.,   Residence  of 73 

Torrence,  J.  T 74 

Trainorj  John  C 49 

Union  Park  23 


Union  Stock  Yards 81 

Unity   Unitarian   Church 97 

Venetian  Building  89 

Vocke,   William    49 

Wacker.  Charles  H 68 

Wait,    Horatio   L 50 

Western  Bank  Note  Co.'s  Building..  61 

Wheeler,  H.   A 58 

Winston.    Frederick   S 51 

Wisner,  Albert,  Residence 86 


INTRODUCTION. 


THE  QUEEN  OF  THE  CONTINENT,  with 
her  throne  planted  oil  the  west  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan,  and  with  a  domain  which  extends  to 
every  part  of  the 
Western  Hemis- 
phere, which  men 
have  named  "Chi- 
cago," could  not 
have  selected  a 
more  unpromis- 
ing location,  so  far 
as  outward  ap- 
pearances went, 
when  that  loca- 
tion was  deter- 
mined. 

A  broad 

swamp,  threaded 
by  sluggish  bay- 
ous, rank  with 
skunk  cabbage, 
wild  garlic,  and 
other  unsavory 
weeds,  certainly 
could  have  given 
but  slight 

grounds  for  pre- 
dicting a  future 
city.  Moreover,  it 
is  claimed  by 
those  whose  opin- 
ion is  entitled  to 
respect,  that  it 
was  only  through 
a  sheer  error  that 
the  city  which 
should  have 
grown  up  about 
the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Joseph  or  the 
Calumet,  came  to 
be  located  around 
here,  on  the  west- 
ern side  of  the 
lake;  and  that  the 
land  which  the 
government  actu- 
ally bought  for  its 
fort  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Cliekagon 
river,  was  a  very 
fair  section  in  In- 
diana, and  not 
the  swamp  which 
was  inadvertently 

taken.    In  early  days  the  ditch  now  known  as 
the  Chicago  river  reached  back  into  the  prairie 


within  a  very  short  distance  of  the  Des  Plaines 
(with  which  it  has  since  been  united),  leaving 
only  a  short  portage  to  be  made  in  a  journey 


A  BUSY  CORNER  —  STATE  AND  MONROE  STREETS. 

from  the  far  Eastern  lakes  to  the  mouth  of  th«' 
Mississippi.     And   later,   when  the  Northwest 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


took  on  its  marvelous  development,  inviting  the 
great  railways  of  the  East  into  harvest  fields 
already  ripe,  there  was  no  route  available  for 
them  but  that  around  Lake  Michigan,  and 
through  the  struggling  young  town  just  beyond 
the  foot  of  the  lake.  But  even  the  early  resi- 
dents of  the  place  never  dreamed  that  it  would 
attain  commercial  prominence,  and  the  time  is 
still  within  memory,  when  the  inhabitants 
feared  the  ruination  of  their  town  by  canals  and 
railways!  To-day,  however,  it  is  the  centre  of  a 
full  third  of  the  railway  mileage  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  most  rapidly  prospering  city  on 
the  continent. 

Chicago  is  situated  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan,  in  latitude  41°  53'  north,  and  longi- 
tude 87°  38'  west  from  Greenwich.  It  has  a 
frontage  on  the  lake  of  about  twenty  miles,  in- 
clusive of  the  parks  at  either  extremity  of  the 
city,  affording  fine  dockage  and  harborage. 

From  the  lake,  at  Water  street,  the  Chicago 
river  extends  west  about  half  a  mile,  to  Canal 
street,  where  it  divides  into  two  branches,  one 
extending  in  a  northwesterly  direction  through 
that  portion  of  the  city,  and  the  other  south- 
ward, for  about  a  mile  and  a  half,  to  Fourteenth 
street,  where  it  makes  a  sweep  to  the  westward 
as  far  as  Bridgeport,  among  the  lumber  yards. 
Here  it  again  divides  into  two  unimportant  sec- 
ondary branches  (reaching  one  west  and  one 
south),  and  empties  itself  into  the  Illinois  & 
Michigan  Canal,  through  which  it  is  united 
with  the  Des  Plaines  river. 

Thus,  the  main  stem  of  the  Chicago  river  di- 
vides the  eastern  portion  of  the  city  into  two 
parts,  one  of  which  is  known  in  common  par- 
lance as  the  "South  Side,"  and  the  other  as  the 
"North  Side."  These  two  branches,  again,  sep- 
arate the  North  and  South  Sides  from  the  West 
Side,  all  that  portion  of  the  city  lying  west  of 
these  branches  being  known  by  this  title.  Com- 
munication between  the  different  portions  is 
kept  up  by  means  of  thirty-two  swing  bridges, 
and  these  are  further  supplemented  by  three 
tunnels,  one  at  Washington  street  and  one  at 
Van  Buren  street,  connecting  the  South  with 
the  West  Side,  and  the  third  forming  a  similar 
link  between  the  North  and  South  Sides,  at  La 
Salle  street. 

Chicago  is  the  centre  of  76.865  miles  of  rail- 
road leading  into  it  from  the  west,  and  receives 
from  the  east  the  terminals  of  over  11,336  miles 
of  through  lines,  exclusive  of  connections. 
Seven  passenger  depots  accommodate  the  traffic 
of  thirty  companies,  and  receive  through  pas- 
sengers from  all  points  of  the  compass.  These 
depots  are  all  situated  at  convenient  distances 
from  the  business  centre.  The  Union  Depot, 
used  by  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago: 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy:  Chicago  &  Al- 
ton; Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh,  and  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  roads, — is  sit- 
uated on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  on  Canal 


street,  corner  of  Adams  street.  The  Dearborn 
Station,  which  accommodates  the  following 
roads:  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois;  Atchisou, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe;  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk; 
New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western;  Louisville, 
New  Albany  &  Chicago,  and  the  Wabash  roads, 
is  on  the  South  Side,  a  few  squares  south  of  the 
Post  Office,  at  the  intersection  of  Polk  and 
Dearborn  streets.  The  Rock  Island  Depot,  ac- 
commodating the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern;  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  and 
the  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  roads,  is  on 
the  South  Side,  corner  of  Van  Buren  and  Sher- 
man streets.  The  Michigan  Central,  Illinois 
Central,  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St. 
Louis;  Chicago  &  West  Michigan,  occupy  the 
magnificent  Central  Depot  on  the  lake  front, 
at  the  foot  of  Twelfth  street.  The  Chicago  & 
North- Western  occupies  a  separate  depot,  on  the 
North  Side,  at  the  corner  of  Wells  and  Kinzie 
streets,  east  of  the  north  branch  of  the  Chicago 
river.  The  new  depot  of  the  Wisconsin  Central, 
Baltimore  &  Ohio,  Chicago  Great  Western,  and 
Northern  Pacific  roads,  is  east  of  the  river,  at 
the  corner  of  Harrison  street  and  Fifth  avenue. 
As  before  intimated,  every  one  of  these  depots 
is  within  a  few  minutes'  walk  of  all  the  impor- 
tant public  buildings,  and  the  business  centre 
of  the  city. 

Commercially,  the  city  is  well  defined  in  its 
localities.  Thus,  the  lumber,  grain,  and  ship- 
ping interests  occupy  nearly  the  entire  river 
frontage;  the  South  Side,  from  the  river  to 
Twelfth  street,  is  given  over  principally  to  ho- 
tels, stores,  public  buildings,  offices,  and  com- 
mercial establishments;  the  North  Side,  the 
remaining  portion  of  the  South  Side,  and  the 
West  Side,  west  of  Halsted  street  (about  one- 
half  mile  beyond  the  South  Branch),  are  given 
over  to  residences,  while  the  manufacturing  in- 
terests occupy  the  intervening  portion  of  the 
West  Side,  and  the  outskirts  of  the  city  in  all 
directions.  A  belt  line  railroad  encircling  the 
entire  city  connects  all  the  railroads. 

Intramural  communication  is  very  complete, 
surface  or  elevated  railroads  intersecting  the 
city  in  every  direction.  Of  elevated  roads  there 
are  three — the  Alley  South  Side  Elevated, 
which  starts  from  Congress  street,  between 
State  street  and  Wabash  avenue,  and  runs  south 
1o  Jackson  Park  at  63d  street.  The  Lake  Street 
Elevated,  which  runs  a  short  distance  north 
from  its  terminus  at  Madison  and  Market 
streets,  to  Lake  street,  and  thence  west  beyond 
the  city  limits  to  Oak  Park;  and  the  Metro- 
politan Elevated,  which,  starting  from  Jackson 
and  Franklin  streets,  runs  west  to  the  city 
limits,  a  branch  running  north  from  Marshfield 
avenue  station.  This  branch  divides  at  Robey 
station,  one  division  running  west  to  Lawn- 
dale  avenue  station,  the  other  north  to  Logan 
square  station.  There  are  altogether  about  521 
miles  of  street,  horse,  cable,  electric,  and  ele- 


INTRODUCTION. 


vated  railways  in ,  operation  within  the  city 
limits,  furnishing  cheap  transportation  to  all 
parts.  The  Chicago  City  •  Railway  Company 
owns  all  the  lines  upon  the  South  Side  (except- 
ing terminals  of  other  companies),  and  has 
162.37  miles  of  track,  of  which  34  3-4  miles  are 
operated  by  cable,  ^  ^ 

most  of  the  bal- 
ance being  oper- 
ated by  electrici- 
ty- 

The  West  Chi- 
cago Street  Rail- 
way Company  op- 
erates the  West 
Side  horse  and 
cable  system,  and 
owns  201  1-2  miles 
of  track,  of  which 
30.42  miles  are  op- 
erated by  cable, 
and  122.28  miles 
by  electricity. 
There  are  1,901 
cars,  and  1,666 
horses.  The  com- 
pany has  six 
power  houses. 

The  North  Chi- 
cago Street  Rail- 
way Company  op- 
erates about  107 
miles  of  surface 
roads,  partly  by 
cable  and  partly 
by  electricity.  To 
this  must  be  add- 
ed 14  miles  op- 
erated by  the  Gen- 
eral Street  Rail- 
way Company,  a 
new  rival  in  the 
field,  and  about 
36^  miles  of  ele- 
vated railroads, 
either  in  opera- 
tion or  nearly 
completed.  When 
the  present  sys- 
tem of  intra-mural 
travel  is  finished, 
no  city  in  the 
world  will  be  bet- 
ter furnished  than 
Chicago. 

All  of  these 
roads  have  their 
termini  within  a 

few  squares  of  the  City  Hall,  and  afford  conve- 
nient means  for  reaching  any  part  of  the  city. . 
Resides  these  and  many  other  minor  companies, 
various  steam  roads  running  in  different  direc- 
tions have  local  stations  within  short  distances 


of  each  other,  and  run  suburban  trains  at  short 
intervals. 

The  streets  are  laid  out  at  right  angles,  and 
the  houses  are — with  the  single  exception  of 
those  on  streets  running  north  and  south  in  the 
South  Division — numbered  from  one  regularly 


THE   GRANT   MONUMENT,   LINCOLN   PARK. 


upward;  the  east  and  west  streets  being  num- 
bered from  the  lake  westward  to  the  river,  and, 
again,  from  the  river  westward;  and  the  others 
from  Randolph  street,  and,  west  of  Ashland 
avenue,  from  Lake  street,  as  the  dividing  lines, 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


north  and  south.  The  exception  noted  above  is, 
that  south  of  Twelfth  street,  the  streets  and 
avenues  take  their  initial  numbers  from  the 
streets  which  they  cross.  Thus,  beyond  Twelfth 
street  the  numbers  run  from  1200  upward  until 
Thirteenth  street  is  reached,  when  they  begin 
again  with  1300,  and  so  on.  A  movement  is  on 
foot  to  apply  this  simple  method  to  the  entire 
city;  but  at  present  a  street  number  guide  is 
necessary  to  a  stranger  who  wishes  to  find  his 
way  about  easily. 
Chicago's  rapid  growth  in  population  has  be- 


Pork  packing  is  one  of  the  principal  indus- 
tries, the  growth  of  which  is  shown  in  the  fol- 
lowing table.  Number  of  hogs  packed  in  Chi- 
cago during  the  year: 

1854 52,849 

1860 151,339 

1871 919,997 

1881 5,752,191 

1895 5,784,670 

Beef  packing  has  grown  with  like  rapidity. 


.. 


STATE   STREET,    LOOKING   NORTH    FROM    QUINCV    STREET. 


come  proverbial — about  20  per  cent,  annual  in- 
crease— and  her  rise  in  wealth  and  importance 
has  been  phenomenal.  A  few  figures  will  suf- 
fice to  illustrate  this  development.  Population : 

1830 70 

1840 4,853 

1850 29,963 

1860 112,172 

1870 298,977 

1880 503,185 

1890 1,208,669 

1894 1,657,727 


During  the  season  of  1863-64,  there  were  packed 
here  70,086  cattle,  while  in  1894-95,  the  number 
had  risen  to  1,803,466.  The  grain  trade  has  in- 
creased from  6,928,459  bushels  received  in  1853, 
and  37,235,027  bushels  in  1860,  to  189,432,819 
bushels  in  1891.  Shipments,  which  began  with 
78  bushels  of  wheat  in  1838,  had  grown  by  1S70 
to  54,745,903  bushels  of  grain  of  all  kinds  (Hour 
included,  reduced  to  its  equivalent  in  grain), 
and  in  1895  reached  the  sum  of  171,464,137. 
The  lumber  receipts,  which  in  1S53  aggregated 
202,101,000  feet,  and  93.4S3.000  shingles,  had 
reached,  in  1895,  1,638,130,000  feet,  and  352, 


INTRODUCTION. 


313,000  shingles.  Snlt  receipts  had  increased 
in  the  same  period  from  81,789  to  1,904,050  bar- 
rels; coal,  from  38,548  to  6,091,284  tons;  hides, 
from  1,274,311  to  90,822,102  pounds;  wool,  from 
1,030,000  to  51,371,094  pounds.  The  clearing- 
house statement  of  the  associated  banks  of 
Chicago  for  the  past  six  years  is  as  follows : 


1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1895. 


.12,969,216,210 

.  3,103,774,402 
.  3,379,925,188 
.  4,093,145,904 
.  4,456,885,230 
.  5,614,979,203 


ONE   OK  THE   OLD-TIME   GLORIES   OK   CHICAGO  —  THE   GRAND   PACIFIC   HOTEL. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH. 


EARLY  HISTORY. 

The  early  history  of  Chicago  will  be  a  subject 
of  increasing  interest  as  it  grows  older  and 
takes  on  greater  commercial  importance.  What 
was  it  in  its  beginnings,  what  were  the  causes  of 
its  phenomenal  growth?  are  questions  that  peo- 
ple will  ask  themselves  with  increasing  fre- 
quency. Then  the  antiquarian  and  the  archaeolo- 
gist will  vie  in  ferriting  out  information  about 
,  its  early  history,  its  people,  and  their  times. 
/KFhe  Miami  Confederation  of  Indian  tribes, 
'  including  the  Illinois,  from  which  the  State  de- 
rives its  name,  are  generally  supposed  to  have 
been  the  early  proprietors  of  the  site  of  Chicago, 
and  the  first  recorded  white  visitor  to  the  spot 
was  probably  the  Sieur  Jean  Nicolet.  He  at 
least  "visited  the  villages  of  the  Illinois"  some- 
where about  1634,  and  among  them,  probably, 
the  important  settlement  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Checagou  river.  Later,  in  1672-74,  Louis  Joliet, 
a  trusted  agent  of  Count  Frontenac — then 
( Jovernor  of  "  New  France '' — and  Father 
Jacques  Marquette,  a  devoted  priest  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Jesus — appear,  from  the  French  chroni- 
cles, to  have  visited  and  explored  the  Chicago 
river.  Fragmentary  allusions  in  these  same 
records,  however,  tend  to  prove  that  long  before 
this  period  the  French  trappers  and  fur-traders 
were  familiar  with  the  locality.  Thus,  Mar- 
quette, in  1674,  falling  ill  on  his  way  up  the 
Chicago  river,  was  visited  and  cared  for  by  two 
trappers — one  of  them,  fortunately  for  him,  a 
surgeon — who  had  their  cabin  near  by. 

Nicholas  Perrot,  also,  is  said  to  have  visited 
the  place  in  1671;  and,  after  the  death  of  Mar- 
quette, in  1675,  Father  Claude  Allouez,  suc- 
ceeding him  in  the  mission  of  the  Illinois,  made 
several  trips  hither. 

By  some,  again,  it  is  confidently  asserted  that 
La  Salle  preceded  Joliet  in  his  first  visit;  but, 
however  the  honors  may  stand  in  point  of  time, 
to  Joliet  certainly  belongs  the  credit  of  having 
first  given  to  the  Chicago  river  a  definite  po- 
sition in  the  geography  of  our  country,  and  to 
him  also  pertains  all  the  honor  of  first  propos- 
ing the  canal  that  now  connects  the  waters  of 
Lake  Michigan  with  those  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
a  scheme  which  required  nearly  200  years  to 
convince  engineers  of  its  feasibility. 

The  stories  of  these  early  explorers  and  mis-  • 
sionaries  read  more  like  romances  told  by  some 
ingenious  fabricator  of  adventures,  than  sober 


fact;  and  there  is  no  page  in  American  history 
more  fascinating  than  those  relating  to  the 
French  explorations  in  the  Northwest;  nor  are 
there  to  be  found  instances  of  greater  hardi- 
hood, grander  perseverance  in  the  face  of  well- 
nigh  insurmountable  difficulties,  or  nobler  self- 
sacrifice  in  the  cause  of  duty,  than  the  lives  of 
these  voyageurs  and  missionaries  furnish. 
Often  disappointed,  almost  constantly  suffer- 
ing, these  brave  men  pressed  onward  to  the 
martyrdom  which  they  knew  as  a  rule  awaited 
them.  Especially  is  this  true  of  the  Jesuit  mis- 
sionaries, who,  for  the  generous  purpose  of  sav- 
ing the  souls  of  unknown  and  unwilling 
savages,  freely  laid  down  their  lives  in  the 
trackless  wilderness;  and,  as  one  fell  beneath 
the  burden  of  his  labors,  or  under  the  treachery 
of  his  flock,  another  eagerly  and  enthusiasti- 
cally took  his  place,  and  followed  him  to  a  simi- 
lar death. 

There  was  nothing  in  the  site  of  Chicago  as 
these  early  explorers  saw  it,  to  tempt  the  eye  or 
hint  of  future  importance — a  sluggish  estuary 
creeping  tortuously  through  marshes  and  sands 
into  the  desolate  lake,  and  behind  it,  as  far  as 
sight  could  reach,  nothing  but  sandy  barrens, 
malarious  marshes,  and  trackless  prairies;  the 
very  name,  signifying  in  the  Miami  tongue, 
"skunk  cabbage,  wild  onion,  or  garlic,"  might 
have  been  repulsive  enough  to  discourage  them. 
But,  to  our  advantage,  visitors  continued  com- 
ing- 
in  1678,  La  Salle,  having  secured  from  the 
French  King  a  patent  of  nobility,  as  well  as  a 
grant  of  seigniory  for  Fort  Frontenac,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  undertook  in  earnest  the  exploration  of 
the  Mississippi  and  Illinois  rivers.  With  him, 
among  other  followers,  came  three  Flemish 
friars,  two  of  them,  Fathers  Membre  and  Ri- 
bourde,  being  the  immediate  successors  of  Fath- 
ers Marquette  and  Allouez  in  the  Illinois  mis- 
sion. The  expedition  encountered  many 
difficulties  in  its  wanderings;  but,  during  the 
period  between  1678  and  1683,  La  Salle  crossed 
the  Chicago  portage  several  times. 

Sometime  during  1685,  a  fort  was  built  here 
by  Durantaye,  one  of  La  Salle's  followers,  and 
the  letters  of  the  French  Catholic  missionaries 
of  the  time  show  that  in  169J)  there  was  a  flour- 
ishing Jesuit  mission  at  the  same  place. 
X—  As  time  passed,  the  locality  of  Chicago  saw 
many  changes  of  ownership,  and  had  successive 
visitors.  In  1773  a  large  tract  of  laud,  includ- 


6 


EARLY    HISTORY. 


ing  the  site  of  the  present  city,  was  purchased 
by  William  Murray,  for  live  shillings,  and  "cer- 
tain merchandise,"  from  its  red  proprietors. 
This  purchase,  in  turn,  passed  into  the  hands 
of  an  American  company,  but  the  government 
finally  refused  to  confirm  the  title,  and  in  1795 
the  United  States  secured  by  treaty  a  tract  of 
land  six  miles  square,  surrounding  the  mouth 
of  the  Chicago  river,  intending  to  establish  here 
a  military  post,  y 

1795  TO  THE  INCORPORATION. 

An  Irishman  said  that  "the  first  white  settler 
in  Chicago  was  a  black  man."    Writing  on  July 

4,  1779,  the  then  British  Commander  at  Fort 
Michilimackinac  mentions  this  "oldest  inhabi- 
tant" as  "Baptiste  Point  De  Sable,  a  handsome 
negro,  well  educated,  and  settled  at  Eschika- 
gou,  but  much  in  the  French  interest."     This 
Point  De  Sable  was  a  Santo  Domingoan  slave, 
who  had  probably  fled  from  his  Spanish  masters 
to  the  kindlier   protection  of  the   French  in 
Louisiana.    Anyway,  he  became  a  trapper,  and 
established  his  cabin  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chi- 
cago river,  and  there  remained,  following  his 
calling,  until  179G,  when  he  sold  out  to  Le  Mai, 
a  French  trader,  and  rejoined  at  Peoria  an  old 
Santo  Domingoan  companion,  in  whose  cabin 
he  died.     Meanwhile,  during  the  years  of  De 
Sable's  residence  here,  Chicago  had  become  a 
somewhat  familiar  trading  point,  and  Le  Mai, 
succeeding  him,  added  considerable  impetus  to 
its  growth  and  importance.    He  made  some  im- 
provements, and  carried  on  his  business  until 
1804.    But  in  the  meanwhile  three  or  four  neigh- 
bors had  settled  down  beside  him,  and  in  1803, 
Captain  John  Whistler,  in  command  at  the  U. 

5.  army  post  at  Detroit,  was  ordered  hither  to 
erect  a  fort.    It,  was  finished  in  the  fall  of  the 
same  year,  and  was  called  Fort  Dearborn,  in 
honor  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  General  Henry 
Dearborn.     In   1804,  'John   Kinzie,   an  Indian 
trader  from  St.  Joseph,  Mich.,  bought  out  Le 

Note.— It  may  be  well  to  state  that  Prof.  A.  D.  Hagar, 
late  Secretary  and  Librarian  of  the  Chicago  Historical 
Society,  after  extensive  and  thorough  research  and 
personal  investigation  came  to  the  conclusion  that  it 
is  not  the  Chicago  river  at  all  which  is  so  often  alluded 
to  in  the  writings  of  the  early  explorers,  but  the  Calu- 
met river,  at  the  south  end  of  the  lake.  Since  that 
time,  the  Great  Calumet  has  disappeared  through  the 
artificial  drainage  of  the  marshes  in  which  it  had  its 
springs;  but,  with  the  exception  of  its  point  of  en.try 
into  Lake  Michigan,  the  present  feeder  of  the  Illinois 
and  Michigan  Canal,  from  Lake  Michigan  via  the  Little 
Calumet,  Stony  Creek  and  the  "Sag  Ditch,"  lies  over 
the  route  of  the  old  Checagou  Portage.  This  position 
Prof.  Hagar  so  minutely  fortified  that  it  is  well-nigh 
impossible  to  assail  it  in  ..tiy  way  except  by  stating 
that  both  ancient  maps  and  ancient  writings  seem  to 
indicate  a  confusion  of  the  present  Chicago  and  Calu- 
met rivers  with  one  another.  Prof.  Hagar's  paper  may 
be  found  in  the  library  of  the  Society,  and  will  repay 
careful  reading. 


Mai's  cabin,  and  brought  his  family  hither,  after 
improving  the  Jean  Baptiste  cabin  into  a  toler- 
able dwelling.  His  son,  John  H.,  who  was  but 
a  few  months  old  at  the  time  of  the  removal, 
subsequently  became  one  of  the  most  prominent 
men  of  the  city. 

For  about  eight  years  things  rolled  along 
smoothly.  The  garrison  was  quiet,  and  the 
traders  were  prosperous,  the  number  of  the  lat- 
ter having  been  considerably  increased.  Then 
the  United  States  became  involved  in  trouble 
with  Great  Britain,  which  finally  broke  out  into 
the  war-flame.  The  Indians  took  the  war-path 
long  before  the  declaration  of  hostilities  be- 
tween the  two  civilized  nations.  On  the  7th  of 
April,  1812,  they  made  an  attack  on  one  of  the 
outlying  houses,  and  killed  and  scalped  the  only 
male  resident,  then  descended  toward  the  fort, 
but  refrained  from  making  an  attack,  finding 
that  the  soldiers  were  ready  to  give  them  a 
warm  reception.  For  some  months  they  con- 
tinued to  harass  and  rob  the  outside  settlers. 
The  government  finally  decided  to  abandon  the 
fort,  as  it  was  too  remote  from  headquarters  to 
be  successfully  maintained  in  a  hostile  country. 
On  the  7th  of  August,  1812,  Captain  Heald,  the 
commander,  received  orders  to  evacuate  the 
fort,  if  practicable;  and,  in  that  event  to  dis- 
tribute all  the  United  States  property  among 
the  Indians  in  the  neighborhood.  He  hesitated 
for  five  days,  knowing  that  a  special  order  had 
been  issued  by  the  War  Department  to  the 
effect  that  no  fort  should  be  surrendered  "with- 
out battle  having  been  given."  He  then  re- 
luctantly decided  to  comply,  as  his  little  force 
of  seventy-five  men  was  evidently  unable  to 
cope  with  the  Indians. 

On  the  12th  instant  the  Indians  assembled  in 
council,  and  Captain  Heald  informed  them  that 
he  would  distribute  among  them,  on  the  next 
day,  all  the  ammunition  and  provisions,  as  well 
as  the  other  goods  lodged  in  the  United  States 
factory,  on  condition  that  the  Pottawatomies 
would  furnish  a  safe  escort  for  him  and  his  com- 
mand to  Fort  Wayne,  where  they  should  receive 
a  further  liberal  reward.  The  Indians  acceded 
to  these  terms;  but  Mr.  Kinzie,  who  had  learned 
by  long  experience  the  treachery  of  Indian 
character,  afterward  prevailed  on  Captain 
Heald  to  destroy  all  the  liquor  and  the  ammuni- 
tion not  needed  by  the  troops  on  the  journey. 

The  next,  day  the  blankets,  calicoes  and  pro- 
visions were  distributed  as  agreed  upon,  and  in 
the  evening  the  liquors  were  thrown  into  the 
water,  with  all  the  ammunition,  except  twenty- 
five  rounds,  and  one  box  of  cartridges.  They 
also  broke  up  all  the  spare  muskets  and  gun 
fixtures,  and  threw  them  into  the  well.  So 
much  liquor  was  thrown  into  the  river  that  the 
Indians  drank  largely  of  the  water,  saying  that 
it  was  almost  as  good  as  "grog." 

The  next  morning  Captain  Wells,  a  relative 
of  Captain  Heald,  arrived  from  Fort  Wayne 


8 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


with  fifteen  friendly  Mianiis.  In  the  afternoon 
another  council  was  held,  at  which  the  1'otta- 
watoniies  professed  to  be  highly  indignant  at 
the  destruction  of  the  whisky  and  ammunition, 
and  made  numerous  threats,  which  plainly 
showed  their  murderous  intention.  On  the 
morning  of  the  loth  of  August,  18115,  the  troops 
left  the  fort.  Mrs.  Kinzie,  with  her  family  of 
four  children,  two  domestics  and  two  Indians, 
took  a  boat,  intending  to  cross  the  lake  to  St. 
Joseph,  but  remained  at  the  mouth  of  the  har- 
bor during  the  subsequent  carnage,  then  re- 
turned to  their  home.  The  military  party  went 
southward,  intending  to  march  around  the  head 
of  the  lake.  They  had  only  proceeded  about  a 
mile  and  a  half,  when  they  were  attacked  by  a 
party  of  Indians,  concealed  behind  a  sand  ridge, 
whom  they  charged  and  dislodged  from  the  po- 
sition; but  the 
Indians  were  so 
numerous  that 
a  party  of  them 
were  able  to 
outflank  the  sol- 
diers, and  take 
the  horses  and 
baggage.  A  se- 
vere tight  fol- 
lowed, in  which 
the  number  of 
the  soldiers 
was  reduced  to 
twenty  -  eight  ; 
and  during  that 
action  a  young 
savage  toma- 
hawked the  en- 
tire party  of 
twelve  children 
in  the  baggage 
wagon.  Captain 
H  e  a  1 d  then 
withdrew  h  i  s 
troops,  and  a 
parley  ensued, 
the  consequence  of  which  was  that  the  troops 
surrendered  on  condition  that  their  lives  should 
be  spared,  and  were  marched  back  to  the  fort, 
which  was  plundered  and  burned  the  next  day. 
Mr.  Kinzie  did  duty  as  surgeon,  extracting  the 
bullets  with  his  penknife. 

Accounts  vary  somewhat  as  to  whether  the 
Indians  kept  faith  in  their  agreement,  some 
charging  that  they  massacred  the  children  and 
some  of  the  women  after  the  surrender;  but  the 
facts  appear  to  have  been  as  above  stated.  The 
total  number  of  killed  was  fifty-two,  which  in- 
cluded twenty-six  soldiers,  twelve  militiamen, 
two  women  and  twelve  children.  The  prisoners 
were  ransomed  some  time  afterward,  the  Kinzie 
family  being  taken  across  the  lake  to  St. 
Joseph,  and  thence  to  Detroit,  a  few  days  after 
the  massacre. 


>-"  Kinzie  House 

Occupied  by  J.  ft.  Bnilley 


MAP  OF  THE  MOUTH  OF  THE  CHICAGO  RIVER, 

WITH   THE   PLAN   OF  THE   PROPOSED  PIERS   FOR   IMPROVING  THE   HARBOR 
BY   WM.    HOWARD,    UNITED  STATES   CIVIL   ENGINEER. 
FEBRUARY  24,   1830. 


For  four  years  the  place  was  deserted  by  all 
save  Indians,  Even  fur-traders  did  not  care  to 
visit  the  scene  of  so  much  disaster.  -\In  1810  the 
fort  was  rebuilt,  under  direction  of  Captain 
Bradley,  and  was  thereafter  occupied  continu 
ously  by  United  States  troops  for  twenty-one 
years,  excepting  a  short  time  in  1831.Yln  1837, 
it  was  abandoned,  the  Indians  having  been  re- 
moved far  to  the  westward.  The  fort  stood, 
however,  till  1856,  when  the  old  block  house 
was  demolished-X^ts  i>osition  was  on  the  south 
bank  of  the  river,  just  east  of  the  place  where 
Kush  street  bridge  was  afterward  built.  One 
old  building,  however,  remained,  almost  rotten 
with  age,  till  the  great  conflagration  swept  it 
away,  as  the  last  relic  of  military  rule.  It  was 
a  small  wooden  structure  that  had  formed  part 
of  the  officers'  quarters,  and  stood  almost  in  the 

apex  of  the 
sharp  corner 
formed  by  the 
meeting  of 
Michigan  ave- 
nue with  River 
street. 

But  the  re- 
building of  the 
fort  failed  to  re- 
establish the 
entente  cordiale 
that  had  ex- 
isted between 
the  Indians  and 
whites  previous 
to  the  spring  of 
1812.  Mr.  Kin- 
zie did  not  re- 
turn till  some 
time  after  the 
fort  was  recon- 
structed. Gur- 
don  S.  Hubbard, 
Esq.,  who  was 
a  resident  of 
Chicago  until 
he  died  a  few  years  ago,  visited  the  place  in 
1818,  as  agent  of  the  American  Fur  Company, 
of  which  John  Jacob  Astor  was  then  President. 
He  came  in  a  small  schooner  which  was  sent 
here  once  a  year  with  provisions  for  the  gar- 
rison. On  his  arrival  he  found  only  two  families 
on  the  site  of  the  future  city  outside  the  fort. 
John  Kinzie  lived  on  the  north  side  of  the  river, 
nearly  on  the  line  of  Michigan  avenue;  and 
Antoine  Ouilmette,  a  French  trader,  who  had 
married  an  Indian  woman,  resided  on  the  same 
side,  about  two  blocks  further  west.  J.  H.  lieau- 
bien  arrived  about  the  same  time.XJn  1823  one 
more  white  resident  apix^ared  on  the  scene, 
Archibald  Clybourne,  who  established  himself 
about  three  miles  from  the  fort,  on  the  North 
Branch.  In  1S27  he  built  a  slaughter-house, 
and  entered  into  business  as  butcher  for  the 


EARLY    HISTORY. 


B 


fort.  A  He  resided  here  continuously  until  the 
day  of  his  death,  August  -3,  1872.  In  the  same 
year  1,18-7)  Chicago  was  visited  by  Major  Long, 
on  a  government  exploring  expedition,  who 
drew  a  sorry  picture  of  the  place,  which  then 
contained  only  three  families,  all  occupying  log 
cabins.  He  said,  in  his  subsequent  report,  that 
Chicago  presented  no  cheering  prospects,  and 
contained  but  a  few  huts,  "inhabited  by  a  mis- 
erable race  of  men,  scarcely  equal  to  the  In- 
dians from  whom  they  had  descended,''  while 
their  houses  were  ''low,  filthy  and  disgusting, 
displaying  not  the  least  trace  of  comfort."  His 
opinion  of  the  site  as  a  place  for  business  was 


Ueaubien  had  managed  to  buy  the  entire  pro- 
perty for  $!)4.<il,  and  subsequently  divided  it  up 
and  sold  lots  on  it;  but  in  1840  the  Supreme 
Court  annulled  his  claim,  and  he  received  back 
his  money  without  interest.  Meanwhile,  in 
1839,  most  of  the  property  was  resold  by  the 
government  to  individuals,  and  later  the  bal- 
ance was  granted  in  sections  to  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral Railroad  Company,  the  United  States 
Marine  Hospital,  which  stood  upon  Michigan 
avenue,  and  was  burned  in  the  great  fire,  and 
the  balance  to  Gen.  Beaubien.  Dearborn  Park 
was  a  result  of  the  same  legal  dispute. 

On  the  site  of  the  fort  itself  now  stands  a 


OTTAWA  INDIAN  MONUMENT.   LINCOLN  PARK. 


equally  poor.  He  spoke  of  it  as  "affording  no 
inducements  to  the  settler,  the  whole  amount 
of  trade  on  the  lake  not  exceeding  the  cargoes 
of  five  or  six  schooners,  even  at  the  time  when 
the  garrison  received  its  supplies  from  the 
Mackinac.''  How  wonderfully  the  aspect  of  the 
place  changed  within  half  a  century  from  the 
time  of  Major  Long's  visit,  has  been  written 
with  a  pen  of  iron — the  record  graven  so  deeply 
that  not  even  the  great  conflagration  could 
efface  it. 

After  the  evacuation  of  Fort  Dearborn,  the 
land  and  property  remained  in  charge  of  the 
government  officials  conducting  the  harbor  im- 
provements. However,  in  1835,  "Gen."  John  15. 


large  grocery  store,  with  a  memorial  tablet  let 
into  its  wall.  It  may  be  seen  at  the  corner  of 
Michigan  avenue  and  South  Water  street. 

FROM  THE  INCORPORATION  TO  THE 
GREAT    FIRE. 


Xi 


Jn  1837,  Chicago  became  a  city.  It  was  in- 
corporated by  act  of  the  Legislature,  passed 
March  4,  which  extended  the  limits  to  include 
an  area  of  about  ten  square  miles.  It  was 
bounded  as  follows:  On  the  south  by  Twenty- 
second  street,  on  the  west  by  Wood  street,  on 
the  north  by  North  avenue,  and  on  the  east  by 


10 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


the  lake,  except  the  fraction  of  section  ten  oc- 
cupied as  a  military  post.  It  included,  in  ad- 
dition, the  ground  on  the  lake  shore  lying  east 
of  Clark  street,  extending  half  a  mile  north  of 
North  avenue,  since  occupied  as  the  old  city 
cemetery,  and  now  a  portion  of  Lincoln  Park. 


STATUE  OF  SCHILLER,   LINCOLN  PARK. 

The  statue  of  the  great  poet  stands  among  the  flowers   facing  the  Lincoln  Park 

Conservatory.    It  is  a  reproduction  of  the  famous  work  of  Ernst  Raus.  The 

statue   is  the  gift   of  the  Schwaben    Verein,   and    was   unveiled   with 

Imposing  ceremonies  May  15,   1886.    It  cost  $8,000. 

The  corporation  was  divided  into  six  wards, 
each  of  which  was  empowered  to  elect  two  al- 
dermen. 

From  this  period  to  the  date  of  the  great 
fire,  the  onward  march  of  the  city  is  well  known. 
Its  marvelous  growth  in  population,  wealth,  in- 


ternal resources  and  improvements,  and  every- 
thing that  goes  to  make  up  a  great  and  mighty 
municipality,  are  matters  of  history.  Its  whole- 
sale trade  in  1871  was  about  $450,000,000.  Its 
progress  astonished  the  world,  and  was  scarcely 
credible  to  its  own  citizens. 

By  the  first  city 
census,  taken  in  1837, 
its  population  was 
4,170,  inclusive  of  140 
sailors  belonging  to 
vessels  owned  here; 
and  in  1871  it  had 
grown  to  334,270,  with 
a  corporate  valuation 
of  $289,74(5,470.  The 
first  railroad  out  of 
the  city,  the  Galena  & 
Chicago  Union,  now  a 
part  of  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  Rail- 
way, was  opened  in 
1848,  and  the  Illinois 
&  Michigan  Canal  was 
also  completed  in 
1848;  but  railroad  'con- 
nection with  the  East 
was  not  established 
until  1852,  on  Febru- 
ary 20  of  which  year 
"the  first  through 
train  from  the  East, 
via  the  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  en- 
tered Chicago,  and 
was  greeted  with  a 
salvo  of  artillery." 
Several  successive  ex- 
tensions of  the  city 
limits  had  taken  place 
in  the  interval,  so  that 
in  1871  Chicago  em- 
braced the  total  area 
of  thirty-five  square 
miles.  She  had  a  total 
tonnage  of  95,395.95 
tons;  imported  goods 
to  the  value  of  $2,- 
042,499,  and  exported 
to  the  amount  of  $5,- 
580,174.  Then,  at  the 
very  height  of  her 
good  fortune  and  in 
the  midst  of  her  on- 
ward career,  came  the 
great  conflagration, 
which  in  a  single  night 

effaced  all  signs  of  her  prosperity,  and  awoke 
the  commiseration  and  active  sympathy  of  the 
entire  civilized  world. 


THE  GREAT  FIRE. 
The  great  fire,  memorable  in  the  history  of 


EARLY    HISTORY. 


11 


the  city  as  the  first  bar  to  its  progress,  occurred 
oil  the  night  of  October  8,  lt<71,  and  is  yet  fresh 
in  the  minds  of  our  citizens,  as  well  as  in  the 
hearts  of  all  the  people  of  the  earth,  whose 
charity  poured  in  to  the  assistance  of  the  suf- 
ferers. 

We  can  not  better  describe  its  horrors  than 
by  the  following  abstract  from  "Chicago  and 
the  Great  Conflagration,"  by  Messrs.  Colbert 
and  Chamberlain : 

''There  had  been,  on  the  previous  evening 
(that  of  Saturday,  the  7th  of  October),  an  ex- 
tensive conflagration,  which  the  journals  had 
recorded  in  many  columns,  devoting  to  it  their 
most  stunning  headlines,  their  most  ponderous 
superlatives,  and  their  most  graphic  powers  of 
description.  The  location  of  this  lire  was  in  tin- 
West  Division,  between  Clinton  street  and  the 
river,  and  running  north  from  Van  Buren  street, 
where  it  caught,  to  Adams  street,  where,  fortu- 
nately, it  was  checked,  rather  by  the  lack  of 
combustible  material  than  by  any  ability  of  the 
Fire  Department  to  obtain  the  mastery. 
*  *  The  damage  by  this  fire  was  nearly  a 
million  dollars. 

"*  *  *  A  little  while  after  nine  o'clock 
on  Sunday  evening  the  lamp  was  upset  which 
was  to  kindle  the  funeral  pyre  of  Chicago's  pris- 
tine splendor.  The  little  stable,  with  its  con- 
tents of  hay,  was  soon  ablaze.  By  the  time  the 
alarm  could  be  sounded  at  the  box  several 
blocks  away,  two  or  three  other  little  buildings 
— tinder  boxes — to  the  leeward  had  been  ig- 
nited, and  in  five  minutes. the  poor  purlieu  in 
the  vicinity  of  De  Koven  and  Jefferson  streets 
was  blazing  like  a  huge  bonfire. 

"The  first  vault  across  the  river  was  made  at 
midnight  from  Van  Buren  street,  lighting  in  a 
building  of  the  South  Division  gas  works,  on 
Adams  street.  This  germ  of  the  main  fire  was 
not,  suppressed,  and  from  that  moment  the  doom 
of  the  commercial  quarter  was  sealed,  though 
no  man  could  have  foretold  that  the  raging 
element  would  make  such  complete  havoc  of 
the  proudest  and  strongest  structures  in  that 
quarter.  The  axis  of  the  column,  as  it  had  pro- 
gressed from  the  starting  point  in  the  south- 
western purlieu,  had  varied  hardly  a  point  from 
due  northeast.  Having  gained  a  foothold  upon 
the  South  Division,  its  march  naturally  lay 
through  two  or  three  blocks  of  pine  rookeries, 
known  as  'Conley's  Patch,'  and  so  on  for  a  con- 
siderable space  through  the  abodes  of  squalor 
and  vice.  Through  these  it  set  out  at  double- 
quick,  the  main  column  being  flanked  by  an- 
other on  each  side,  and  nearly  an  hour  to  the 
rear.  That  at  the  right  was  generated  by  a 
separate  brand  from  the  western  burning;  that 
at  the  left  was  probably  created  by  some  of  the 
eddies  which  were  by  this  time  whirling 
through  the  streets  toward  the  flame  below 
and  from  it  above.  The  rookeries  were  quickly 
disposed  of.  Beyond  them,  however,  along  La 


Salle  street,  was  a  splendid  double  row  of  'tire- 
proof  mercantile  buildings,  the  superior  of 
which  did  not  exist  in  the  land.  *  »  » 

"One  after  another  they  went  as  the  column 
advanced;  and  the  column  was  spreading  fear- 
fully— debouching  to  right  and  left,  according 
as  opportunities  of  conquest  offered  themselves. 
It  was  not  long  after  one  o'clock  before  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  was  attacked,  and  fell  a 
prey  to  the  on-advancing  force.  Soon  the  Court 
House  was  seized  upon ;  but  it  did  not  surrender 
until  near  three  o'clock,  when  the  great  bell 
went  down,  down,  and  pealed  a  farewell  dying 
groan  as  it  went.  The  hundred  and  fifty  pris- 
oners in  the  basement  story  were  released  to 
save  their  lives.  They  evinced  their  gratitude 
by  pillaging  a  jewelry  store  near  by.  *  *  * 

''From  the  Court,  House  the  course  of  the 
main  column  seemed  to  tend  eastward,  and 
Hooley's  Opera  House,  the  Times  building,  and 
Crosby's  fine  Opera  House  (to  have  been  re- 
opened that  very  night)  fell  rapidly  before  it. 
Pursuing  its  way  more  slowly  onward,  the  fiery 
invader  laid  waste  some  buildings  to  the  north- 
east, and,  preparatory  to  attacking  the  magnifi- 
cent wholesale  stores  at  the  foot  of  Randolph 
street,  and  the  great  Union  Depot  adjoining, 
joined  forces  with  the  other  branch  of  the  main 
column,  which  head  lingered  to  demolish  the 
Sherman  House — a  grand  seven-story  edifice  of 
marble — the  Tremont  House,  and  the  other  fine 
buildings  lying  between  Randolph  and  Lake 
streets. 

"The  left  column  had,  meantime,  diverged  to 
pass  down  LaSalle  street  and  attack  all  build- 
ings lying  to  the  west  of  that  noble  avenue — 
the  Oriental  and  Mercantile  buildings,  the 
Union  Bank,  the  Merchants'  Insurance  building, 
where  were  Gen.  Sheridan's  headquarters,  and 
the  offices  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph,  and 
in  fact  an  unbroken  row  of  the  stone  palaces  of 
trade  which  had  already  made  LaSalle  street  a 
monument  of  Chicago's  business  architecture, 
to  which  her  citizens  pointed  with  glowing 
pride,  and  of  which  admiring  visitors  wrote  and 
published  warm  panegyrics  in  all  quarters  of 
the  globe.  The  column  of  the  left  did  its  mis- 
sion but  too  well,  however,  and  by  daylight 
scarcely  a  stone  was  left  upon  another  in  all 
that  stately  thoroughfare.  But  one  building 
was  left  standing  in  this  division  of  the  city — a 
large  brick  structure,  with  iron  shutters,  known 
as  Lind's  Block.  This  was  saved  by  its  isolated 
location,  being  on  the  shore  of  the  river,  and 
separated  by  an  exceptionally  wide  street  from 
the  seething  furnace  which  consumed  all  else 
in  its  vicinity. 

"The  right  column  started  from  a  point  near 
the  intersection  of  Van  Buren  street  and  the 
river,  where  some  wooden  buildings  were  ig- 
nited by  brands  from  the  West  Side,  in  spite  of 
the  efforts  of  the  inhabitants  of  that  quarter  to 
save  their  homes  by  drenching  their  premises 


12 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


with  water  from  their  hydrants;  and,  we  need 
hardly  add,  in  spite  of  the  desultory  though  des- 
perate efforts  of  the  Fire  Department.  The 
right  column  had  also  the  advantage  of  a  large 
area  of  wooden  buildings  on  which  to  ration 
and  arm  itself  for  its  march  of  destruction. 
Thus  fed  and  equipped,  it  swept  down  upon  the 
remaining  portion  of  the  best-built  section  of 
the  town.  It  gutted  the  Michigan  Southern 
Depot  and  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel,  and  the  tor- 
nado soon  made  them  shapeless  ruins.  It 
spared  not  the  unfinished  building  of  the  Lake- 
side Publishing  Com- 
pany, which  had  al- 
ready put  on  a  very 
sightly  front,  and 
which  had  scarcely 
anything  to  burn  but 
brick  and  stone.  It 
licked  up  the  fine  new 
buildings  on  Dearborn 
street  near  the  Post 
Office.*  *  * 

"The  Post  Office  was 
seized  upon  and  gut- 
ted like  the  rest,  some 
two  millions  of  treas- 
ure being  destroyed  in 
its  vaults,  which 
proved  to  have  been  of 
flimsy  construction.  It 
swept  down  upon  the 
new  Bigelow  House,  a 
massive  and  elegant 
hotel  which  had  never 
yet  been  occupied,  and 
demolished  that,  to- 
gether with  the  Hon- 
ore  Block,  a  magnifi- 
cent new  building, 
with  massive  walls 
adorned  with  hun- 
dreds of  stately  colon- 
nades of  marble.  It 
reached  out  to  the  left, 
and  took  McVicker's 
new  theatre  in  its 
grasp  for  a  moment, 
with  the  usual  disas- 
trous result.  It  as- 
saulted the  noble  Tri- 
bune building,  which  the  people  had  been  de- 
claring, even  up  to  that  terrible  hour,  would 
withstand  all  attacks,  being  furnished  with  all 
known  safeguards  against  destruction  by  fire; 
but  the  enemy  was  wily  as  well  as  strong.  It 
surrounded  the  fated  structure,  and  ruined  it 
too.  It  threw  a  red-hot  brick  wall  upon  the 
building's  weaker  side,  a  shower  of  brands  upon 
the  roof,  a  subterranean  fire  under  the  sidewalk 
and  into  the  basement,  and  an  atmosphere  of 
furnace  heat  all  around.  It  conquered  and  de- 
stroyed the  Tribune  building  at  half-past  seven 


THE  HERALD  BUILDING, 


in  the  evening.  It  marched  on  and  laid  waste 
Booksellers'  Row,  the  finest  row  of  bookstores 
in  the  world.  It  fell  upon  Potter  Palmer's  store 
of  Massachusetts  marble,  for  which  Field, 
Leiter  &  Co.,  dry  goods  importers,  were  paying 
the  owner  $52,000  a  year  rent.  This  splendid 
building,  with  such  of  its  contents  as  had  not 
been  removed  in  wagons,  went  like  all  the  rest. 
It  deployed  to  the  right,  in  spite  of  its  ally,  the 
wind,  and  destroyed  the  splendid  churches  and 
residences  which  adorned  the  lower  or  town  end 
of  Wabash  and  Michigan  avenues.  Among 

these  were  the  First 
and  Second  Presby- 
terian Churches,  Trin- 
ity Episcopal  Church, 
and  the  palatial  row  of 
residences  known  as 
'Terrace  Row.'  Finally, 
its  course  southward 
was  stayed  at  Con- 
gress street  by  the 
blowing  up  of  a  build- 
ing. The  southern  line 
of  the  fire  was  for  the 
m o s it  part,  however, 
along  Harrison  street, 
which  is  one  square 
further  to  the  south. 

"This  is  a  brief 
sketch  of  the  opera- 
tions of  the  fire  in  the 
West  and  South  Divis-/ 
ions.  It  effected  a 
foothold  in  the  North 
Division  as  early  as 
half-past  three  in  the 
morning;  and  it  is  re- 
markable that  almost 
the  first  building  to  be 
attacked  on  the  north 
side  of  the  river  was 
the  engine  house  of 
the  Water- works ;  as  if 
the  terrible  marauder 
had,  with  deadly 
strategy,  thrown  out 
a  swifter  brand  than 
all  others  to  cut  off  the 
only  reliance  of  his  vic- 
tims,the  water  supply. 

The  Water-works  are  nearly  a  mile  from  the 
point  where  the  burning  brands  must  have 
crossed  the  river.  The  denizens  of  the  North 
Division  were  standing  in  their  doors  and  gaz- 
ing at  the  blazing  splendor  of  the  Court  House 
dome,  when  they  discovered,  to  their  horror, 
that  the  fire  was  already  raging  behind  them, 
and  that  the  Water-works  had  gone.  A  general 
stampede  to  the  sands  of  the  lake  shore,  or  to 
the  prairies  west  of  the  city,  was  the  result. 

"Besides   its  foothold   at   the   Water-works, 
from  which  the  fire  spread  rapidly  in  every  di- 


WABHINGTON  ST. 


EARLY    HISTORY. 


13 


rection,  it  soon  made  it  landing  in  two  of  the 
elevators  near  the  river,  and  organized  an  ad- 
vance which  consumed  everything  left  by  the 
scores  of  separate  irruptions  which  the  flames 
were  constantly  making  in  unexpected  places. 
This  was  the  system  by  which  the  North  Divis- 
ion was  wiped  out:  Blazing  brands  and  scorch- 
ing heat  sent  ahead  to  kindle  many  scattering 
fires,  and  the  grand  general  conflagration  fol- 
lowing up  and  finishing  up.  Within  the  limits 
shown  upon  the  appended  map  nothing  was 
spared;  not  any  of  the  elegant  residences  of  the 
patricians — not  even  those  isolated  by  acres  of 
pleasure  grounds;  not  even  the  'fire-proof  His- 
torical Hall,  with  its  thousand  precious  relics; 
not  even  the  stone  churches  of  the  Rev.  Robert 
Col  Iyer  and  Mr.  Chamberlain,  protected  by  a 
park  in  front;  not  even  the  cemetery  to  the 
north,  whither  many  people  removed  a  few  of 
their  most  necessary  effects,  only  to  see  them 
consumed  before  their  eyes;  not  even  Lincoln 
Park,  whose  scattering  oaks  were  burned  to  dis- 
mal pollards  by  the  all-consuming  flames — 
nothing  but  one  lone  house,  the  Ogden  resi- 
dence, lately  torn  down,*  as  the  sole  survivor 
of  the  scourged  district.  The  loss  of  life  and 
the  sufferings  of  those  who  managed  to  escape 
with  life  were  most  severe  in  this  quarter  of 
the  city.  They  will  be  long  remembered  by  all 
our  people,  the  human  element  of  the  tragedy 
having  been  purposely  omitted  from  this  as  far 
as  practicable.  Only  at.  the  lake  and  the  north- 
ern limits  of  the  city  was  the  conflagration 
stayed — or  rather,  spent — kfor  lack  of  anything 
to  consume. 

''The  sensations  conveyed  to  the  spectator  of 

*  Washington    square,    between    Clark    street   and 
Dearborn  avenue. 


this  unparalleled  event,  either  through  the  eye, 
the  ear,  or  other  senses  or  sympathies,  can  not 
be  adequately  described,  and  any  attempt  to  do 
it  but  shows  th'e  poverty  of  language. 

"The  total  area  burned  over,  including 
streets,  was  nearly  three  and  a  third  square 
miles.  The  number  of  buildings  destroyed  was 
17,450;  persons  rendered  homeless,  1)8,500;  per- 
sons killed,  about  200.  Not  including  deprecia- 
tion of  real  estate  or  loss  of  business,  it  is  esti- 
mated that  the  total  loss  occasioned  by  the  fire 
was  $11)0,000,000,  of  which  about  $44,000,000 
were  recovered  on  insurance,  though  one  of  the 
first  results  of  the  fire  was  to  bankrupt  many  of 
the  insurance  companies  all  over  the  country. 
The  business  of  the  city  was  interrupted  but  a 
short  time,  however.  Before  winter,  many  of 
the  merchants  were  doing  business  in  extem- 
porized wooden  structures,  and  the  rest  in  pri- 
vate dwellings.  In  a  year  after  the  fire,  a  large 
part  of  the  burnt  district  had  been  rebuilt,  and 
at  present  there  is  scarcely  a  trace  of  the  ter- 
rible disaster,  save  in  the  improved  character  of 
the  new  buildings  over  those  destroyed,  and  the 
general  better  appearance  of  the  city — now 
architecturally  the  finest  in  the  world." 

THE  FIRE  OF  JULY,  1874. 

On  July  14th,  1874,  within  three  years,  as  if 
the  demon  of  destruction  were  not  yet  satiated, 
still  another  great  fire  swept  over  the  devoted 
city,  destroying  eighteen  blocks,  or  sixty  acres, 
in  'the  heart  of  the  city,  and  about  $4,000,000 
worth  of  property.  Over  000  houses  were  con- 
sumed: but  fortunately,  by  far  the  larger  num- 
ber of  these  were  wooden  shanties.  Nearly  all 
the  magnificent  structures  of  the  rebuilt  sec- 
tion escaped. 


THE  NEW  CITY. 


"It  is  an  ill  wind  that  blows  no  one  good," 
and  the  fearful  calamity  which  destroyed  the 
great  city  of  wood,  made  possible  the  greater 
city  of  stone  and  iron  which  has  replaced  it. 


THE  MONADNOCK  BUILDING,  JACKSON,  DEARBORN,  AND  VAN  BUREN 
STREETS,  AND  CUSTOM  HOUSE  PLACE. 


of  the  old  city  had  not  ceased  to  smoke  ere  the 
new  city  began  to  grow,  like  a  "Jonah's  gourd.'' 
out  of  its  ruins.  The  magical  growth  of  modern 
Chicago  has  been  sung  far  and  wide,  and  has 

gained  for  her  the 
title  of  "the  Phoe- 
nix of  cities";  and 
truly,  in  the  sol- 
idly and  compactly 
built  city  of  to-day, 
there  is  little  to  re- 
mind one  that 
twenty  -five 
years  ago  the  very 
streets  w  ere 
burned  out  of  rec- 
ognition. 

If  Chicago  had 
not  already  re- 
ceived its  poetical 
title,  "The  Garden 
City,"  it  might  be 
appropri  at  ely 
called  the  "City  of 
Palaces";  for  there 
are  few  modern 
cities  which  even 
approach  it  in  the 
number  and  mag- 
nificence of  its  fine 
buildings,  public 
and  private.  More- 
over, the  generous 
width  of  its  ave- 
nues contributes 
the  perspective,  ab- 
sent in  New  York 
and  others  of  the 
older  cities,  which 
is  so  essential  to 
architectural  ef- 
fect. The  mate- 
rials and  designs 
are  various,  run- 
ning all  the  way 
up  the  scale,  from 
the  iron  fronts  of 
the  business  por- 
tion, on  the  South 
Side,  to  the  mar- 
ble, granite,  brown 


Had  Chicago  not  been  Chicago,  and  had  Chi- 
cago not  made  herself  indispensable  to  the 
world,  such  a  blow  might  indeed  have  effec- 
tually prostrated  her.  But,  as  it  was,  the  ashes 


stone,  brick,  ser- 
pentine and  Bed- 
ford sandstone  of  the  finer  residences  and  the 
various  public  buildings. 

However,  the  title  "Garden  City"  is  equally 
deserved-,  for  there  are  few  cities  in  which  more 


14 


16 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


space  is  allotted  to  yards,  lawns  and  parks. 
The  parks  being  usually  regarded  as  the  princi- 
pal attraction  of  the  city,  it  may  be  well  to 
place  them  first  among  our  descriptions,  follow- 
ing with  accounts  of  the  public  buildings  and 
institutions. 

THE  PARK  SYSTEM. 

The  system  of  parks  and  boulevards  which 
girdle  the  city,  is  an  institution  peculiar  to  Chi- 
cago. Though  the  prairies  on  the  one  hand,  and 
the  lake  on  the  other,  keep  the  air  of  Chicago 
delightfully  wholesome,  the  dwellers  in  a  great 
city  require  an  occasional  glimpse  of  green,  and 
these  are  supplied  in  the  "Garden  City"  by  the 
most  extensive  and  elaborate  system  of  parks 
and  drives  in  the  country.  The  parks  proper  in- 
clude 1,879  acres  of  land,  and  the  connecting 
boulevards  will,  when  finished,  comprise  a  total 
length  of  about  thirty  miles.  These  improve- 
ments, though  far  advanced,  can  not  be  com- 
pleted within  a  number  of  years,  as  they  involve 
large  and  elaborate  works. 

There  are  a  number  of  small  "parks," 
"places"  and  "squares"  distributed  through  the 
various  sections  of  the  city;  but  these,  not  be- 
longing to  the  boulevard  system,  shall  have 
separate  mention. 

The  park  system  proper,  including  the  boule- 
vards, is  under  control  of  commissioners  ap- 
pointed by  the  State,  and  supported  principally 
by  direct  tax  upon  the  divisions  of  the  city  in 
which  they  are  situated.  Thus,  Lincoln  Park 
and  the  Lake  Shore  drive  are  under  control  of  a 
separate  commission,  as  are  the  parks  situated 
on  the  West  and  South  Sides  respectively. 

Lake  Shore  Drive. — The  North  Division  be- 
gins with  the  Lake  Shore  drive,  a  boulevard 
leading  from  the  Water-works,  through  Lincoln 
Park.  It  may  be  reached  from  the  South  Side 
by  way  of  Rush  street  bridge  and  Pine  street, 
though  Dearborn  avenue  is  generally  preferred, 
on  account  of  its  handsome  residences.  It  is  a 
beautiful  drive,  running  for  more  than  two 
miles  directly  beside  the  lake  and  along  the 
eastern  border  of  Lincoln  Park,  and  is  con- 
tinued beyond  under  the  name  of  Sheridan 
Drive. 

Lincoln  Park. — This,  the  first  finished  of 
the  Boulevard  Parks,  occupies  a  space  of  2.10 
acres,  one-half  mile  wide  by  one  and  one-half 
miles  long,  bounded  on  the  east  by  the  lake,  and 
on  the  west  by  Clark  street,  and  extending  from 
North  avenue  on  the  south,  to  Diversey  avenue 
on  the  north.  The  southern  portion  of  the  pres- 
ent park  was  formerly  occupied  by  the  old  Chi- 
cago Cemetery,  but  it  was  finally  condemned 
for  public  use,  and  the  bodies  were  transferred. 
A  single  reliquary  grave  remains  as  a  reminder 
of  the  past.  In  1S09  the  Legislature  appointed 
its  first  Board  of  Commissioners,  and  provided 
for  its  maintenance  and  improvement,  and  since 


that  time  it  has  had  constant  care  and  labor, 
until  it  is  the  most  complete  of  the  entire  sys- 
tem. On  one  side,  the  Lake  Shore  drive,  contin- 
uing from  the  entrance,  extends  from  Oak  street 
to  its  northernmost  limits,  and  commands,  on 
one  hand  a  panoramic  view  of  the  great  lake, 
and  on  the  other  the  varying  scenic  beauties  of 
the  park  itself.  Within  its  boundaries  beautiful 
lawns  alternate  with  picturesque,  artificially 
broken  grounds,  flower-beds  of  the  most  elab- 
orate patterns,  intricate  walks,  and  magnificent 
winding  drives.  Noble  trees  and  fine  shrubbery 
are  grouped  in  the  most  effective  positions,  and 
twenty  acres  of  beautiful  lakes  add  the  pictur- 
esqueness  of  water  to  the  general  effect.  Still 
further  heightening  the  attractiveness  of  the 
resort,  there  are  a  refreshment  pavilion,  a  plen- 
tiful supply  of  boats,  an  interesting  zoological 
collection,  a  magnificent  conservatory  and  palm 
house,  the  museum  of  the  Academy  of  Science, 
and,  in  the  summer,  frequent  musical  enter- 
tainments. There  are  also  a  striking  bronze 
Indian  group,  of  life  size,  mounted  on  a  massive 
granite  pedestal — presented  by  Mr.  Martin 
Ryerson;  and  a  bronze  statue  of  Schiller, 
erected  by  the  German  citizens  in  1886,  on  the 
anniversary  of  the  great  poet's  death.  It  stands 
at  the  south  end  of  the  large  flower  beds.  To 
these  works  of  art  have  been  added  a  Lincoln 
monument,  by  St.  Gaudens,  and  a  drinking 
fountain,  as  provided  for  in  a  munificent  legacy 
of  the  late  Eli  Bates;  the  La  Salle  monument, 
presented  by  Lambert  Tree;  and  the  equestrian 
monument  to  General  Grant,  erected  by  the 
city  in  1891. 

Humboldt  Boulevard. — There  is,  at  pres- 
ent, no  completed  boulevard  connection  between 
Lincoln  and  Humboldt  Parks,  the  best  practica- 
ble route  being  North  avenue,  a  well-paved 
drive  from  the  southern  limit  of  the  former  to 
the  northern  border  of  the  latter  park.  This 
gap  it  is  intended  to  supply  in  the  future,  by  the 
completion  of  Diversey  boulevard.  From  Lin- 
coln Park,  west  to  the  north  branch  of  the  Chi- 
cago river,  there  is  a  break  in  the  continuity  of 
the  boulevard  plans.  Eventually  this  gap  will 
be  filled  by  the  utilization  of  Diversey  avenue. 
At  present  Humboldt  boulevard  begins  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river,  where  Diversey  avenue 
crosses  it,  and  from  there  runs  west  a  mile  and 
a  quarter  to  Logan  Square,  then  south  one-half 
mile  to  Palmer  Place,  which,  extending  north 
two  blocks,  opens  into  a  third  division,  running 
south  three-quarters  of  a  mile  into  Humboldt 
Park,  at  North  avenue.  The  boulevard  proper 
is  250  feet  wide,  while  Logan  Square  is  400xSOO 
feet,  and  Palmer  Place  400x1.750  feet;  total 
length  of  the  drive,  about  three  miles.  It  is 
paved  with  granite,  macadam,  flanked  with 
cedar  blocks  on  either  side,  for  a  greater  part  of 
its  length  and  is  beautified  by  four  rows  of 
lawns  and  planted  with  trees. 

Humboldt    Park,    the    northernmost    of  the 


THE    PARK    SYSTEM. 


17 


system,  lies  four  miles  northwest  from  the  City 
Hall,  between  West  North  avenue  on  the  north, 
Augusta  street  on  the  south.  North  California 
avenue  on  the  east,  and  North  Kedzie  avenue 
on  the  west.  It  may  he  reached  from  the  South 
Side  by  the  Milwaukee  avenue  and  West  North 


A   SEAL   POND,    LIXCOL 

avenue  street  cars,  on  Randolph  street.  It  is 
beautifully  laid  out,  and  contains  200  acres  of 
land.  It  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  of  all  the 
parks,  being  well  wooded,  and  provided  with 
line  lawns,  and  having  a  large  area  of  lake  sur- 
face, admirably  adapted  for  rowing.  There  is  a 


refreshment  pavilion  close  to  the  boat  lauding; 
a  band  stand,  on  which  Sunday  concerts  arc 
given  during  the  summer  months;  and  a  beauti- 
ful conservatory  to  delight  the  lovers  of  flowers. 
It  contains  also  a  famous  artesian  well  1,15.") 
feet  in  depth,  which  furnishes  a  line  grade  of 

rich  in  the  sul- 
phates, chlor- 
ides and  c  a  r  - 
b  o  n  a  t  e  s,  at  a 
temperature  of 
63.5°  Fahren- 
heit. 

Central  Bou- 
levard, a  little 
over  one  and  a 
half  miles  in 
length,  is  the 
connecting  link 
between  G  a  r  - 
field  and  Hum- 
boldt  Parks.  It 
leaves  the  lat- 
ter at  Augusta 
street,  and,  run- 
ning south  to 
S  a  c  r  a  in  ento 
Square,  at  In- 
diana street, 
proceeds  west 
along  the  latter 
street  to  Cen- 
tral Park  ave- 
nue, where  it 
again  turns  to 
the  south,  and 
enters  Garfield 
Park  at  West 
Kinzie  street. 
The  Chicago, 
M  i  1  w  a  ukee  & 
St.  Paul  Rail- 
way tracks  are 
bridged,  just 
south  of  Grand 
avenue,  by  a 
handsome  via- 
duct, w  h  i  c  h 
adds  greatly  to 
the  picturesque 
variety  of  the 
drive.  The  av- 
erage width  of 
the  boulevard 
is  250  feet,  iu- 
eluding  the 
completed  driveway,  38  feet  wide,  bordered  on 
each  side  by  a  narrow  ribbon  of  turf,  with  a 
bridle  path  accompanying  it  along  its  outer 
edge,  and  a  double  colonnade  of  handsome  elms 
affording  line  shade  and  enhancing  its  beauty. 
Garfield  Park,  formerly  known  as  *'Cen- 


PARK. 


THE    PARK    SYSTEM. 


19 


tral  I'ark,"  had  its  title  changed  ill  memory  of 
the  martyred  President.  It  is  the  most  westerly 
of  the  parks,  and  lies  about  four  miles  west  of 
the  City  Hall,  between  West  Kiuzie  street  on 
I  he  north,  and  Colorado  avenue  on  the  south, 
li  extends  one  and  a  half  miles  from  north  to 
south,  and  contains  l!S5  acres  of  ground.  Three 
large  lakes  add  the  beauty  of  water  effect  to  the 
scenery.  In  the  lakes  are  several  pretty  minia- 
ture islands,  one  of  them  holding  the  band 
stand.  There  are  plenty  of  boats  to  be  hired  at 
very  reasonable  rates,  and  there  is  a  roomy 
landing  :?00  feet  in  length.  The  landing  reaches 
back  to  the  casino,  a  refreshment  pavilion  with 


minute,  it  has  a  high  reputation  for  cases  of 
anaemia  and  diseases  of  the  stomach  and  kid- 
neys, as  well  as  for  rheumatic  and  kindred  con- 
stitutional disorders.  The  rapidity  with  which 
what  was  wild  prairie  a  few  years  ago  has  been 
transformed  into  an  exquisite  health  and  pleas- 
ure resort  is  truly  remarkable.  The  Central 
Driving  Association  occupied  a  portion  of  the 
southern  wing  as  a  speeding  park,  and  the  track 
of  the  ( Jartteld  I'ark  Club  adjoins  it  on  the  west. 
( hit-field  I'ark  is  reached  by  the  North- Western 
Railway  to  Central  I'ark  Station,  also  by  street 
cars  on  Lake  and  Madison  streets,  or  by  way  of 
Washington  Boulevard. — This  boulevard,  a 


ELK  IN  IJNCOLN  PARK. 


broad  verandas  and  breezy  balconies.  Through 
the  elaborate  shrubbery,  woods,  flower-beds, 
lawns  and  shady  borders,  wind  three  miles  of 
walks  and  two  miles  of  driveways,  enmeshing 
the  completed  portion  of  the  park ;  wood,  stone 
and  iron  bridges,  mazes  and  rustic  seats,  add 
variety  to  the  scenery;  and  a  handsome  drink- 
ing fountain  for  horses,  provided  by  the  Illinois 
Humane  Society  from  funds  contributed  by  Mrs. 
Mam-el  Talcott,  furnishes  refreshment  for  the 
animals.  Rut  the  centre  of  attraction  is  the 
2,L'00  feet  artesian  well,  supplying  a  valuable 
mineral  water,  at  the  rate  of  IJiO  gallons  per 


continuation  of  Washington  street,  commences 
at  Halsted  street,  a  little  less  than  one  mile  di- 
rectly west  of  the  City  Hall,  whence  it  extends 
through  Union  I'ark,  westward  to  Garfield 
I'ark,  and  on  to  52d  street.  Its  total  length  is 
nearly  five  miles,  and  it  is  a  beautiful  driveway, 
averaging  about  100  feet  in  width,  bordered  on 
each  side  by  a  ribbon  of  turf,  set  with  handsome 
trees,  and  built  up  for  a  great  part  of  its  length 
with  magnificent  residences,  many  of  them  sur- 
rounded by  beautiful  grounds.  It  is  the  popular 
drive  of  the  West  Side,  being  macadamized  or 
asphalted  and  finely  kept. 


20 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


Union  Park,  which,  until  the  spring  of 
188(5,  was  one  of  the  city  parks,  but  at  that  time 
it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  West  Side  Com- 
missioners, by  whom  it  has  been  greatly  im- 
proved. The  boulevard  runs  directly  through  it, 
bordered  by  walks,  lawns  and  variegated 
flower  beds,  and  in  full  view  of  the  lake,  pavil- 
ion, ornate  fountain,  and  picturesque  hills  with 
which  its  surface  is  broken.  It  is  in  the  heart 
of  the  residence  portion  of  the  West  Side,  being 
bounded  on  the  north  by  Bryan  Place  and  Lake 
street,  on  the  east  by  Ogden  avenue,  on  the 
south  by  Warren  avenue,  and  on  the  west  by 
Ashland  avenue.  It  is  one  and  three-fourths 
miles  west  from  the  City  Hall,  and  will  repay  a 
visit.  It  may  be  reached  within  a  half-hour  by 
electric  cars  on  Randolph  or  Madison  streets,  or 
Ogden  avenue. 

Douglas  Boulevard. — This  is  an  L-shaped 
boulevard  connecting  Garfleld  and  Douglas 
Parks,  and  extends  from  Colorado  avenue  south 
seven-eighths  of  a  mile,  then  east  seven-eighths 
of  a  mile  to  Albany  avenue,  where  it  enters 
Douglas  Park.  It  is  250  feet  wide,  embracing 
in  its  plan  a  driveway  (already  completed)  thir- 
ty-eight feet  in  width,  bordered  by  strips  of 
sward  on  either  side,  and  accompanied  by  a 
bridle-path  on  its  outer  edge,  the  whole  beauti- 
fully colonnaded  with  a  double  row  of  elms.  It  is 
now  practically  completed,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  of  the  boulevards  on  the  West 
Side. 

Douglas  Park  is  a  prairie  park,  situated 
at  the  limit  of  the  built-up  streets  of  the  city,  on 
the  open  plain,  free  to  all  breezes  from  any  di- 
rection. It  lies  four  miles  southwest  from  the 
City  Hall,  between  West  Twelfth  street  on  the 
north,  Albany  avenue  on  the  west,  West  Nine- 
teenth street  on  the  south,  and  California  ave- 
nue on  the  east.  Though  comparatively  small — 
only  180  acres — it  is  a  beautiful  and  popular 
park,  and  is  especially  notable  as  the  spot  se- 
lected by  the  Chinese  of  Chicago  for  their  an- 
nual "Festival  of  the  Kites,''  which  is  religiously 
observed  with  each  returning  August.  Eleven 
acres  of  the  park  are  covered  by  a  picturesque 
lake,  fed  with  the  mineral  water  of  an  artesian 
well,  gushing  out  in  a  romantic  grotto.  The. 
water  is  medicinal,  with  properties  similar  to 
Those  of  Garfield  and  Humboldt  Parks.  There 
is  an  inviting  refectory,  from  the  balconies  of 
which  a  fine  view  is  had  of  the  park  scenery, 
and  there  are  a  conservatory  and  propagating 
houses  which  furnish  00,000  plants  annually  for 
transplanting. 

Douglas  Park  is  reached  by  the  Twelfth  street 
cars,  which  run  on  Randolph  street  to  Fifth 
avenue:  by  the  Ogden  avenue  cars,  which  run 
on  Madison  street,  and  by  the  local  trains  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railway,  which 
stop  at  Douglas  Park  Station.  The  depot  is  the 
Union,  at  Canal  and  Adams  streets.  The  Chi- 
cago Passenger  Railway  Company's  tracks  have 


been  extended  to  Douglas  Park,  via  Western 
avenue  and  Twelfth  street.  The  driving  route 
is  along  Washington  boulevard  to  Gartield 
Park,  thence  to  Douglas  Park  by  the  Douglas 
boulevard. 

Southwest  Boulevard  is  still,  for  the  most 
part,  on  paper,  but  the  contemplated  plan  is  for 
a  boulevard  on  a  grand  scale.  The  proposed 
route  is  about  five  miles  in  length,  reaching 
from  Douglas  Park  south  to  Gage  Park,  at  the 
terminus  of  Gartield  boulevard.  Starting  from 
Douglas  Park,  at  Sacramento  avenue,  it  runs 
south  about  one-half  mile  to  Laughton  street,  on 
which  it  continues  eastward  for  a  short  dis- 
tance, to  California  avenue.  Proceeding  south- 
ward along  this  avenue  about  three-fourths  of  a 
mile,  it  reaches  Thirty-first  street,  which  is  util- 
ized for  about  one-half  mile  to  Western  avenue, 
on  which  it  completes  the  link  with  Gage  Park 
and  Douglas  boulevard,  crossing  the  Illinois  & 
Michigan  Canal  -just  west  of  the  Bridgeport 
lumber  wharves.  The  boulevard  will  be  200 
feet  in  width,  with  a  broad  central  driveway, 
bordered  by  wide  strips  of  sward,  shaded  by 
double  rows  of  elms,  and  outside  of  these  still 
other  roads  for  equestrians  and  general  travel. 
Though  a  very  small  portion  of  this  boulevard 
has  been  completed,  it  is  possible  to  drive  on 
Western  avenue  from  Nineteenth  street  to  Gage 
Park,  at  Fifty-fifth  street.  The  road,  of  course, 
is  not  very  good,  but  it  affords  an  opportunity 
to  follow  the  boulevard  route,  and  passes 
through  Brighton  Park  and  the  Town  of  Lake; 
while  it  is  possible,  aifwell,  to  reach  in  this  way 
the  sewage  pumping  works  at  Bridgeport,  the 
West  Side  Waterworks,  and  the  Union  Stock 
Yards.  The  South  Parks  are  best  reached  from 
Douglas  Park,  however,  by  way  of  Eighteenth 
street  and  Michigan  avenue  boulevard. 

Gage  Park,  the  smallest  park  in  the  boule- 
vard system,  forms  the  junction  of  Western  ave- 
nue boulevard,  which  enters  it  from  the  north, 
and  Garfleld  boulevard,  into  which  it  opens  at 
the  east.  It  contains  twenty  acres  of  ground, 
but  so  far  not  much  has  been  done  in  the  way  of 
improving  it.  This  park  was  named  in  memory 
of  George  W.  Gage,  one  of  the  first  Commission- 
ers, who  died  September  24,  1875.  It  may  be 
reached  by  drive,  as  above  described,  or  by  the 
Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburgh  Railway  to 
Forty-ninth  Street  Crossing,  which  is  within  a 
mile,  or  by  way  of  Garfleld  boulevard  from 
Washington  Park. 

Garfield  Boulevard  is  completed  on  an  elab- 
orate scale,  with  a  commodious  central  drive- 
way, bordered  by  grass  and  rows  of  trees.  Out- 
side of  these,  there  will  be  on  the  one  side  a 
roadway  for  equestrians,  and  on  the  other  a 
highway  for  traffic,  the  whole  being  hedged  in 
with  colonnades  of  elms.  This  boulevard  is  200 
feet  wide,  and  extends  along  Fifty-fifth  street 
from  Gage  Park  to  Washington  Park,  a  total 
length  of  about  three  and  a  half  miles.  The 


THE    PARK    SYSTEM. 


21 


improvements  are  far  advanced,  and  the  entire 
boulevard  is  in  excellent  condition  for  driving. 
Washington  Park. — Gartteld  boulevard  gives 
entrance  at  its  eastern  extremity  to  Washing 
ton  Park, and  this  park,  Jackson  Park,  and  Mid- 
way Plaisance  (the  connection  between  them) 
are  known  un- 
der the  collec- 
tive title"South 
Parks."  The 
total  cost  to  the 
city  of  the 
grounds  alone 
for  these  parks 
was  $3,208,000, 
and  the  im- 
provements 
have  consider- 
ably more  than 
doubled  that 
s  u  in.  Though 
the  work  is  not 
entirely  c  o  m  - 
pleted,  the  re- 
s  u  1 1  is  most 
gratifying,  and 
the  *  South 
Parks  are  a  con- 
tinual source  of 
pleasure  to  our 
citizens,  and  a 
principal  point 
of  attraction  to 
visitors.  Wash- 
ington Park 
lies  nearly  six 
miles  south  and 
east  from  the 
City  Hall,  and 
is  bounded  by 
Fifty-first 
street,  Kanka- 
kee  avenue.  Six- 
tieth street  and 
Cottage  Grove 
avenue, a  space 
o  f  :>  7  1  acres, 
somewhat  over 
a  mile  west 
from  the  lake. 
The  extent  of 
the  grounds  has 
given  an  oppor- 
t  u  n  i  t  y  for 
1)  r  e  a  d  t  h  of 
treatment 
which  the  land- 
scape artists  have  not  neglected.  Among  the 
most  attractive  features  are  the  "Meadow,"  a 
famous  stretoh  of  sward,  covering  100  acres; 
the"Mere,"  a  meandering  sheet  of  picturesquely 
distributed  water,  thirteen  acres  in  extent;  the 
conservatory-, a  handsome  building.  40x120  feet. 


connected  with  eleven  propagating  houses  and 
a  cactus  house,  and  containing  an  interesting 
collection  of  tropical  plants;  the  artesian  well 
1,(>43  feet  deep,  which  furnishes  a  mineral 
water;  and  the  stable,  built  of  stone,  in  the 
shape  of  a  Greek  cross,  to  accommodate  over 


(V    LILY    POND,    WASHINGTON    PARK. 

100  horses,  the  stalls  being  arranged  circularly 
about  a  central  space,  into  which  the  phaetons 
with  their  loads  are  driven  when  horses  are  to 
be  changed.  This  stable  covers  a  space  of  325x 
200  feet,  measured  through  its  greatest  diame- 
ters, and  shelters  the  ISO  tine  Norman  blooded 


22 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


horses  owned  by  the  Commission.  Flowers  are 
tastefully  distributed  at  the  most  effective 
points  throughout  the  park,  liOO,OOU  plants  be- 
ing propagated  and  set  out  annually.  Boats 
may  be  hired  for  rowing  on  the  Mere,  and 
lunches  may  be  had  at  the  Refectory,  in  which 


Washington  Park  may  be  reached  direct  by 
taking  Cottage  drove  avenue  cars.  This  line 
extends  along  the  entire  eastern  border  of  the 
park.  If  driving  is  preferred,  there  are  several 
routes  to  follow,  either  of  which  will  furnish  a 
good  view  of  the  residence  portion  of  the  city  of 

the  South  Side. 
Starling  f  r  o  m 
Michigan  a  ve- 
nue and  Jack- 
son street, 
Michigan  a  v  e- 
nue  may  be  fol- 
lowed to  Thirty- 
fifth  street, 
then  turning  to 
the  east  along 
the  latter  street 
to  drand  boule- 
v  a  r  d  ,  and 
thence  to  the 
F  i  f  t  y  -  f  i  r  s  t 
street  entrance 
of  the  park. 
Traversing  the 
park  and  re- 
turning, Drexel 
boulevard  a  t 
the  eastern  en- 
trance may  be 
taken,  turning 
out  to  the  right 
on  any  of  .the 
avenues  leading 
to  the  starting 
point.  In  this 
section  are  the 
homes  of  many 
of  Chicago's 
leading  c  i  t  i  - 
Kens,  the  diver- 
sified architec- 
ture of  the  resi- 
dences along 
the  route  mak- 
ing the  drive  a 
pleasant  and 
enjoyable  one. 
Another  and 
moredirect 
route  is  along 
State  street  or 
Wabash  avenue 
t  o  Fifty-fifth 
street,  thence 
along  (Jarfield 


ASSOCIATION     UU1LDING. 


also  is  the  Superintendent's  office.  Afternoon 
concerts  are  usually  given  at  frequent  intervals 
through  the  summer  months  during  the  season, 
from  about  June  1  to  the  middle  of  October,  or 
later. 


boulevard 
the    park. 


t  o 
The 


124-126     MICHIGAN      Avi..,t~. 

Alley  South  Side  Elevated  Railroad  is  now 
equipped  and  running  from  Congress  street  to 
Sixty-third  street,  and  these  cars  may  be  taken 
from  Congress  street  to  Washington  Park.  The 
cable-car  fare  is  only  5  cents  each  way,  and  in 


THE    PARK    SYSTEM. 


thi'  warm,  pleasant  days  of  summer  the  ride  oil 
the  opeii  cars  affords  a  delightful  recreation  to 
the  poor,  or,  for  that  matter,  to  the  rii-h.  Con- 
stant improvements  are  being  made  in  the  park, 
tending  to  make  it  more  beautiful  every  year. 
The  race  track  of  the  Washington  Park  Club  is 
said  to  be  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  And 
finally,  the  regular  suburban  trains  on  either 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railway 
or  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railway 
(running  out  of  the  same  depot,  at  Van  Buren 
and  Sherman  streets)  will  land  passengers  on 
Garth-Id  boulevard  (Fifty-fifth  and  Clark  streets) 
about  one  mile  west  of  Washington  Park. 


Jackson  Park,  when  completed,  will  be  by 
far  the  most  attractive  of  the  entire  system,  as 
it  will  be  also  the  largest,  covering  the  524  acres 
bounded  by  Lake  Michigan,  Fifty-sixth  street, 
Stony  Island  avenue  and  Sixty-seventh  street. 
Of  its  entire  acreage,  only  150  are  at  present  im- 
proved, though  it  is  intended  to  push  the  plans 
rapidly  to  completion.  They  include  a  system 
of  sinuous  interior  lakes,  covering  100  acres, 
beautified  with  numerous  islands  and  bridged 
passages,  and  connected  at  either  end  with  Lake 
Michigan.  A  breakwater  protecting  the  entire 
frontage  has  been  constructed,  and  a  fine  pier 
for  excursion  steamers  and  pleasure  craft  will 


VIEW   IN   UNION  PARK. 


Midway  Plaisance.— At  the  present  time 
the  two  South  Parks — Washington  and  Jack- 
son— are  connected  by  a  beautiful  drive,  for- 
merly amounting  to  little  more  than  a  country 
road.  The  plans  of  the  Commissioners,  however, 
include  elaborate  improvements  for  this  con- 
necting link.  They  comprise  finely  boule- 
varded,  well-shaded  driveways,  and  a  handsome 
waterway  connecting  the  lake  systems  of  the 
two  parks.  It  formed  the  Street  of  Nations  dur- 
ing the  progress  of  the  great  Columbian  World's 
Fair  in  1SJ>3.  The  Plaisance  is  located  between 
Fifty-ninth  and  Sixtieth  streets,  is  one  and  one- 
tenth  miles  in  length,  between  the  two  park  en- 
trances, and  contains  eighty  acres  of  ground. 


be  added.  This  beautiful  pleasure  ground  has 
attained  additional  prominence  from  being 
chosen  as  the  site  of  the  great  Columbian 
World's  Fair  Exposition,  held  in  1S!C?. 

Jackson  Park  may  be  reached  from  Washing- 
ton Park,  by  the  routes  mentioned  in  that  con- 
nection. 

Drexel  Boulevard. — Washington  Park  is  en- 
tered from  the  north  by  two  magnificent  boule- 
vards— Drexel  on  the  east,  and  Grand  on  the 
west.  They  parallel  each  other  at  a  distance  of 
a  little  more  than  one  mile  apart,  and  are  con- 
nected at  a  point  one  and  three-eighths  miles 
north  of  Washington  Park  by  Oakwo-od  boule- 
vard, at  which  Drexel  boulevard  ends.  This 


24 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


last  named  is  the  most  exquisite  of  the  boule- 
vard system,  and  has  a  wide  fame.  It  opens 
into  Washington  Park  at  its  northeastern 
angle,  from  the  east,  by  a  wide  plaza,  through 
the  centre  of  which  extends  a  broad  lawn,  richly 
ornamented  by  the  gardener's  art.  On  either 
side  of  this  lawn  are  the  broad  driveways,  and  at 
Drexel  avenue  stands 
the  famous  fountain 
presented  by  the 
Drexel  Brothers, 
the  Philadelphia  bank- 
ers, in  memory  of  their 
father,  after  whom 
also  the  boulevard  was 
named.  Here,  at 
D  i-  e  x  e  I  avenue,  the 
boulevard  turns  di- 
rectly north  on  that 
avenue,  entering  Oak- 
wood  boulevard  at  the 
junction  of  Thirty- 
ninth  street  and  Got- 
ta g  e  Grove  avenue. 
The  boulevard  is  laid 
out  on  the  plan  of  tin- 
Avenue  1'Imperatrice, 
in  Paris,  and  has  two 
broad  drives,  one  on 
either  side  of  a  central 
space,  finely  swarded, 
and  filled  with  various 
species  of  trees,  and 
ornamented  with 
flower  beds,  among 
which  wind  the  well- 
gravelled  promenades, 
with  bowers  and  rustic 
seats.  The  entire  bou- 
levard is  200  feet  wide, 
and  is  bordered  by 
rows  of  well-grown 
elms.  The  tasteful 
villas  along  this  boule- 
vard are  one  of  its 
principal  attractions. 

O  a  k  w  o  o  d    Boule- 
vard is  the  connecting 
link  between  the  bou 
levard  last  named  and 
Grand  boulevard.      It 
is  a  fine  drive,  100  feet 
wide,  and  half  a  mile 
long,  and  enters  Grand 
boulevard    at    Thirty- 
ninth  street.  "The  Cot- 
tage" stands  at  its  junction  with  Drexel  boule- 
vard, whence  the  phaetons  start  for  the  tour  of 
the  park. 

Grand  Boulevard,  entering  Washington 
Park  at  its  northwestern  angle,  extends  thence 
northward  two  miles  to  Thirty-fifth  street, 
where  it  connects  with  a  short  boulevard  on  that 


street.  It  is  198  feet  wide,  a  broad  driveway 
bordered  by  strips  of  lawn,  with  double  colon- 
nades of  elms,  outside  of  which  are  roadways 
thirty-three  feet  wide,  the  one  on  the  west  fof 
equestrians,  and  the  other  for  traffic.  Still  out- 
side of  these  are  ribbons  of  turf  with  single  rows 
of  trees  separating  the  roadways  from  the  foot- 


STATUE  OF  LINNE,   LINCOLN  PARK. 

ways,  which  have  yet  another  line  of  trees  on 
their  outer  borders. 

Thirty-fifth  Street  Boulevard,  running  west- 
ward on  the  street  of  that  name,  connects  Grand 
and  Michigan  avenue  boulevards.  It  is  about 
one-third  of  a  mile  in  length,  and  sixty-six  feet 
wide. 


THE    PARK    SYSTEM. 


25 


Michigan  Avenue  Boulevard  occupies  the 
avenue  from  which  it  takes  it  name,  between 
(Jarfield  boulevard  on  the  south  and  Jackson 
street  on  the  north,  a  distance  of  three  and  a 
quarter  miles.  The  roadway  is  100  feet  from 


COLUMBUS     MEMORIAL    BUILDING,    STATE    AND  WASHINGTON     STREETS. 

curb  to  curb,  and  is  bordered  by  strips  of  green, 
with  elms,  and  broad  stone  sidewalks.  It  is  the 
most  fashionable  drive  in  the  city,  and  upon  it 
are  situated  manv  fine  residences. 


The  City  Parks.— The  oldest  of  Chicago's 
parks  are  the  small,  isolated  squares  of  lawn 
and  shrubbery  scattered  at  various  points 
through  the  city,  but  they  do  not  belong  to  the 
system  proper,  being  under  the  city  government. 

They  are,  in 
general,  v  e  r  y 
attractively  laid 
out  —  some  of 
them  with  lakes 
a  n  d  fountains, 
most  of  them 
having  fine 
trees — and  are 
fairly  well  kept. 
They  include, 
on  the  W  e  s  t 
Side,  Jefferson 
Park,  five  and  a 
half  acres, 
bounded  by  Ad- 
ams, Throop, 
Monroe  an  d 
Loomis  streets, 
a  mile  and  a 
half  west  and 
south  from  the 
City  Hall.  It 
is  charmingly 
arranged  with  a 
lawn,  a  lake,  a 
grotto,  hills, 
trees,  etc.  Ver- 
non  Park  is  on 
the  north  side 
of  Polk  street. 
between  Centre 
avenue  and  Loo- 
m i  s  street, 
nearly  two 
miles  southwest 
from  the  City 
Hall,  and  about 
half  a  mile 
south  of  the 
park  last 
named.  It  cov- 
ers nearly  four 
acres,  has  a 
lake  and  some 
fine  trees.  On 
the  North  Side, 
Wicker  P  a  r  k 
fills  the  triangle 
made  by  Park, 
North  Robe  y 
a  n  d  F  o  w  1  e  r 
streets,  three 
miles  northwest 

from  the  City  Hall,  and  contains  four  acres  of 
ground,  attractively  laid  out.  Washington 
Square,  bounded  by'dark  street,  Dearborn  ave- 
nue, Washington  Place  and  Lafayette  Place,  is 


26 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


about  one  mile  north  from  the  City  Hall,  and 
contains  two  and  a  quarter  acres,  well  filled 
with  fine  trees. 

On  the  South  Side,  Lake  Park,  the  most  cen- 
tral of  the  parks,  lies  between  the  Michigan 
avenue  boulevard  and  the  lake,  and  extends 
from  Randolph 
street  to  Lake 
Park  Place.  It 
is  now  being  ex- 
tended into  the 
lake,  and  will 
be  greatly  beau- 
tified. Grove- 
land  and  Wood- 
lawn  Parks,  ad- 
joining e  a  o  h 
other,  and  fac- 
ing the  grounds 
of  the  old  Chi- 
c  a  g  o  Univer- 
sity, lie  b  e  - 
tween  Cottage 
Grove  avenue 
and  the  lake,  be- 
y  o  n  d  Thirty- 
third  street. 
The  two  parks 
and  the  Univer- 
s  i  t  y  grounds 
were  a  gift  from 
Stephen  A. 
Douglas,  whose 
mausoleum  and 
monument  oc- 
cupy a  space  of 
elevated  ground 
contiguous  t  o 
Woodlawn 
Park,  and  over- 
looking Lake 
Michigan.  The 
mausoleum  and 
shaft,  104  feet 
high,  are  of 
granite,  and  the 
latter  is  sur- 
mounted by  a 
bronze  statue 
of  the  great 
Senator,  while 
four  corner  ped- 
estals are  occu- 
pied by  figures, 
representing 
"Illinois,"  "His- 
tory," "Justice," 

and  "Eloquence,"  respectively.  This  magnifi- 
cent memorial  cost  $100,000.  Groveland  Park 
is  a  grove  of  fine  elms,  well  interlaced  with 
vines,  and  threaded  by  picturesque  walks.  Ellis 
Park,  lying  between  Vincennes  and  Cottage 


Grove  avenues,  at  Thirty-seventh  street,  four 
miles  south  from  the  City  Hall,  contains  three 
and  three-eighths  acres.  Aldine  Square,  at 
Thirty-seventh  street  and  Vincennes  avenue, 
close  to  the  last-named  park,  is  a  beautifully 
kept  enclosure,  surrounded  by  handsome  resi- 


SOUTH    WATER    STREET.    I-OOKTNG    WEST    FROM    DEARBORN  STREET 

deuces.  Besides  these,  there  are  several  other 
small  public  grounds,  including  Congress, 
Campbell,  and  Union  Parks  on  the  West  Side. 
There  are  a  great  many  other  parks,  but  of  less 
importance. 


THE    WATER    WORKS. 


27 


THE    WATER    SUPPLY. 

No  attempt  will  be  made  here  to  detail  the 
history  of  the  growth  of  the  water  system  from 
the  small  requirements  of  a  village  population, 
when  water  was  drawn  through  wooden  pump- 


INSURANCE    EXCHANGE    BUILDING, 


logs,  to  that  of  a  city  of  1,750,000  inhabitants, 
requiring  iron  mains  up  to  four  feet  in  diame- 
ter. We  can  only  give  the  present  develop- 
ment. Broadly  stated,  the  water  supply  of 
Chicago  is  taken  from  Lake  Michigan,  from 
two  to  four  miles  out  from  shore.  The  first 


crib  was  built  two  miles  out.  which  served  as 
an  intake  for  two  tunnels,  each  of  seven  feet 
in  diameter,  running  under  the  bed  of  the  lake 
to  pumping  stations  on  the  land.  Subsequent- 
ly another  tunnel  of  five  feet  in  diameter  was 
built  to  the  same  crib.  Even  this  proved  in- 
adequate; and.  at  times,  there  was  found  to 

be  danger  from 
shore  contam- 
ination. So,  an- 
other crib  was 
built  four  miles 
out,  which  was 
completed  i  n 
1S92,  with  an 
eight-foot  tun- 
nel. In  addition 
to  these  there 
are  two,  the 
Lake  View  and 
the  Hyde  Park 
cribs,  the  first 
with  a  6  and 
the  other  with 
a  7-foot  tunnel, 
each  two  miles 
out.  Altogether 
there  are  four- 
teen miles  of 
lake  tunnels 
completed  and 
i  n  operation, 
and  six  miles 
of  land;  to 
which  must  be 
added  eight 
miles  of  land 
tunnels  and 
three  of  lake, 
in  c  ours  e  of 
construction. 

The  water  is 
drawn  through 
these  tunnels 
to  pumping  sta- 
tions on  shore, 
six  in  number, 
known  respect- 
i  v  e  1  y  as  the 
"Chicago  Ave- 
nue."the"West 
Side,"  the  "Cen- 
tral," the  "Four- 
teenth street," 
the  "Lake 
View"  and  the 
"Sixty  -  Eighth 

street,"  having  a  total  pumping  capacity  of 
338,000,000  gallons  of  water  every  twenty-four 
hours.  In  connection  with  the  tunnel  exten- 
sions before  mentioned,  two  more  pumping  sta- 
tions are  projected,  each  of  00,000,000  gallons 
capacity,  wdiich,  when  completed,  will  make  a 


28 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


total  capacity  of  458,000,000  gallons  of  water- 
daily  for  the  City  of  Chicago. 

At  these  pumping  'Stations  the  water  is 
pumped,  by  means  of  tremendous  engines,  di- 
rectly into  the  mains,  by  which  it  is  distrib- 
uted to  all  parts  of  "the  city  for  all  purposes. 
The  mains  are  the  pipes  which  are  laid  under 
the  streets,  and  which  are  tapped  at  desired 
points  for  private  service  or  hydrants.  Those 
mains  are  of  iron;  and  vary  in  size,  the  small- 
est being  four  inches  in  diameter  and  the  larg- 
est four  feet.  Some  are  four,  six,  eight,  twelve, 
sixteen,  twenty-four,  thirty-six  and  forty-eight 
inches,  inside  diameter;  and  the  total  length 
of  water  main  in  the  city,  at  the  end  of  1895, 
was  1,940  miles.  The  Fire  Department  is  sup- 
plied through  1(J,4GO  hydrants. 

Next  to  the  water  supply  system  comes  those 
of  the  sewers  and  streets.  At  the  close  of  the 
year  1895  there  were  in  Chicago  about  1,284^ 
miles  of  street  sewers,  which  had  been  built  at 
a  cost  of  $1<>,587,184.  There  were  also  1,123.54 
miles  of  street  paving  of  different  kinds;  and 
4,(i24.82  miles  of  sidewalks.  From  this,  some 
idea  can  be  formed  of  the  aggregation  which 
goes  to  make  up  the  City  of  Chicago. 

THE    DRAINAGE    SYSTEM. 

Closely  connected  with  the  water  supply  and 
the  sewage  systems  of  the  city  is  that  of  drain- 
age. The  growth  of  the  city,  so  much  beyond 
the  wildest  anticipations  of  the  most  sanguine, 
developed  problems  which  at  first  were  not 
dreamed  of.  The  outlets  of  the  sewers  were 
into  the  lake,  at  the  shore,  and  into  the  Chicago 
river,  which  itself  emptied  into  the  lake.  No  one 
supposed  that  this  would  ever  be  sufficient  to 
contaminate  the  water  supply  taken  so  far  out. 
But  it  was.  In  times  of  freshet,  the  danger  be- 
came imminent;  and  it  was  made  apparent 
that  this  must  become  more  so  as  the  city  con- 
tinued to  grow.  Much  was  accomplished  by 
the  establishment  of  pumping  works  at  Bridge- 
port to  lift  the  water  from  the  south  branch  of 
the  river  into  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal 
basin,  and  so,  to  turn  the  current  of  the  river 
backward,  and  carry  the  sewage  which  flowed 
into  it  from  hundreds  of  sewer  openings,  into 
the  canal  instead  of  into  the  lake.  But  in  times 
of  freshet  the  volume  of  water  poured  into  the 
river  was  sufficient  to  overcome  this  artificial 
current  and  send  the  sewage  into  the  lake.  At 
such  times  the  water  became  unfit  for  use.  It 
became  evident  that  nothing  short  of  an  entire 
change  in  the  system  of  drainage  would  be  ade- 
quate, one  that  would  pennanently  send  the 
Chicago  river  backward  through  an  artificial 
channel  cut  to  the  valley  of  the  Desplaines  and 
onward  to  the  Illinois,  and  which  would  draw 
a  sufficient  volume  of  water  from  the  lake  it- 
self to  create  a  current  inshore,  and  so  render 
contamination  impossible.  After  a  long  period 
of  agitation,  promoted  mainly  by  Hon.  Harvey 


B.  Hurd,  and  a  few  other  broad-minded  and 
public-spirited  citizens,  a  great  sanitary  dis- 
trict was  organized,  comprising  most  of  the 
City  of  Chicago  and  parts  of  Cook  County. 
Commissioners  were  elected  charged  with  the 
work  of  cutting  a  great  drainage  canal  from  the 
south  branch  of  the  Chicago  river,  across  the 
divide  to  the  valley  of  the  Desplaines  and  from 
there  on  to  Joliet  and  the  Illinois  river.  Taxes 
were  levied,  bonds  issued,  contracts  let  and  the 
work  begun  for  one  of  the  greatest  engineering 
works  of  modern  times.  The  work  is  now  un- 
der contract,  and  being  prosecuted  with  the 
utmost  vigor  from  the  point  of  beginning1  at 
Kobey  street  and  the  Chicago  river  to  Joliet, 
including  the  controlling  works  which  arei  to 
control  the  decent  into  the  basin  at  Joliet. 
These  works  will  consist  of  gates  or  movable 
dams  by  which  the  flow  of  water  from  the 
main  channel  into  the  tail  race,  which  is  to  de- 
liver the  outflow  into  the  Desplaines  river,  can 
be  controlled. 

The  river  below  Lockport  follows  the  trough 
of  the  valley  down  a  steep  declivity  into  the 
canal  basin  at  Joliet.  The  fluctuations  in  Lake 
Michigan,  by  varying  slope  of  water  surface, 
will  be  felt  at  the  controlling  works,  and  pro- 
vision must  be  made  to  meet  these  fluctuations 
covering  a  range  of  thirteen  feet. 

Earth  was  first  broken  September  3,  1892, 
since  which  time  there  has  been  expended  up 
to  January  1,  1896,  for  all  purposes,  f  19,319,- 
033.87.  The  estimated  cost  of  construction  of 
the  work,  including'right  of  wav,  is  something 
like  |28,000,00()  to  $30,000,000.  While  this  vast 
outlay  'has  reference  solely  to  providing  a  suit- 
able drainage  system  for  the  City  of  Chicago, 
it  is  intended  to  utilize  it  as  a  great  waterway 
for  inland  navigation,  between  Lake  Michigan 
and  the  Mississippi  river  by  way  of  the  Illinois. 
It  will  be  large  enough  to  float  the  largest  ves- 
sels which  can  navigate  the  Mississippi  from 
St.  Louis  to  New  Orleans  as  soon  as  the  gen- 
eral government  shall  improve  the  river  by  the 
necessary  locks  and— dams  between  Lockport 
and  La  *Salle.  The  fall  between  these  two 
points  is  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet.  Sooner 
or  later  the  general  government  must  take  the 
entire  work  off  the  hands  of  the  State  of  Illi- 
nois and  the  City  of  Chicago,  and  assume  con- 
trol, making  it  a  part  of  the  water-ways  for  in- 
land navigation  of  the  country.  Ultimately 
the  navigation  feature  will  become  its  most 
important  feature,  while  yet  affording  a  means 
of  drainage  for  the  City  of  Chicago.  There  is 
reason  to  believe  that  its  commercial  value 
will  exceed  that  of  the  Panama  or  the  Suez 
Canals. 

But  there  is  still  another  advantage  which 
is  expected  to  come  from  this  work.  The  fall 
from  Lockport  to  Joliet  will  give  water-power 
of  almost  unlimited  extent  which  can  be  made 
available  for  manufacturing  purposes  on  the 


POLICE  AND  FIRE  DEPARTMENTS. 


29 


ground;  and  which  can  be  used  to  generate 
electricity  to  be  conducted  to  Chicago  and  used 
for  power,  for  lighting  and  for  all  the  purposes 
to  which  electricity  is  now  applied. 

TRACK   ELEVATION. 

There  is  another  public  improvement  which 
is  rapidly  assuming  large  proportions.  The 
population  of  the  city  has  become  so  great 
and  the  railroad  crossings  within  the  city  so 
many  as  to  constitute  a  serious  public  danger 
of  accidents,  whereby  life  and  limb  were  sacri- 
ficed daily.  The  number  of  killed  and  injured 
at  these  crossings  has  run  up  to  thousands 
yearly.  And,  besides,  the  delays  to  travel  and 
traffic  are  so  great  from  these  grade  crossings 
as  to  become  a  public  nuisance.  It  was  found 
that  the  only  way  to  cure,  or  even  lessen,  the 
evil,  was  to  elevate  the  tracks.  The  Rock 
Island  and  the  Michigan  Southern  have  al- 
ready elevated  their  tracks  for  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  distance  within  the  city,  and  the 
work  is  being  carried  on  to  complete  it. 
Other  roads  have  already  consented  to  do  the 
same  thing,  and  some  of  them  have  begun  it. 
There  is  no  doubt  that,  in  the  near  future, 
every  steam  railroad  in  the  city  will  have 
raised  their  tracks  sufficient  to  do  away  with 
the  danger  to  life  and  limb,  and  to  give  to 
traffic  freedom  from  delay  from  this  cause. 

POLICE. 

The  first  policeman  of  Chicago  was  O.  Mor- 
rison, who  was  elected  "Police  Constable"  in 
1835,  three  years  after  the  incorporation  of  the 
town.  After  the  organization  of  the  city,  "Po- 
lice Constables,"  one  from  each  of  the  young 
city's  six  wards,  upheld  the  municipal  dignity 
until  1855,  when  the  Police  Department  was 
created.  As  now  organized,  this  department  is 
under  the  control  of  a  General  Superintendent, 
appointed  by  the  Mayor.  The  city  is  divided 
into  five  precincts,  which  are  again  subdivided 
into  districts,  each  precinct,  with  one  exception, 
containing  three  districts.  The  first  precinct 
contains  four  districts.  The  headquarters  of 
the  department  are  in  the  City  Hall ;  each  pre- 
cinct (excepting  the  fifth,  recently  created)  con- 
tains a  police  court,  in  which  there  are  daily 
sittings,  and  each  district  contains  a  station 
•house.  The  total  number  of  men  in  this  depart- 
ment on  January  1,  1896,  was  3,255.  The  effi- 
ciency of  the  force  is  greatly  enhanced  by  the 
now  famous  police  telephone  and  signal  system, 
with  the  wagon  patrol  belonging  to  it.  It  is 
purely  a  Chicago  invention,  though  it  has  been 
adopted  in  Philadelphia  and  elsewhere,  and 
was  put  into  operation  by  Mr.  Austin  J.  Doyle, 
former  chief  of  the  department,  and  since  Super- 
intendent of  the  Chicago  Passenger  Railway. 
It  includes  signal  boxes  at  prominent  street 
corners,  containing  telephones  and  alarm  dials 


registering  "fire,"'  "thieves,"  "murder,"  etc.,  and 
connecting  with  the  district  station.  They  have 
each  a  gas  lamp  on  top,  and  replace  the 'ordin- 
ary lamp  post.  In  response  to  a  signal  call,  the 
patrol  wagon  is  promptly  dispatched  with  its 
proper  detail  to  the  spot.  These  patrol  wagons, 
containing  stretchers,  manacles,  lanterns, 
blankets,  medicine  chests  and  coils  of  rope,  and 
having  broad,  well  cushioned  seats  along  their 
sides,  serve  equally  well  as  ambulances  or 
police  vans,  and  for  use  at  fires.  Patrolmen  are 
required  to  report  by  telephone  from  the  signal 
boxes,  at  regular  intervals  during  patrol  ser- 
vice. The  total  value  of  property  belonging  to 
the  department  January  1, 1892,  was  $1,139,208. 
The  total  number  of  arrests  made  and  prose- 
cuted during  the  preceding  year  was  83,404,  on 
the  subjects  of  which  fines  to  the  amount  of 
$301,555  were  imposed. 

FIRE    DEPARTMENT. 

The  Chicago  Fire  Department  owes  its  effi- 
ciency and  thoroughness  to  the  lessons  the  city 
has  learned  from  terrible  experience. 

In  1833,  three  months  after  Chicago  acquired 
the  right  to  call  herself  a  town,  she  enacted  a 
fire  ordinance,  requiring  that  stove  pipes  be  pro- 
tected by  sheet  iron  or  tin,  six  inches  from 
wood,  where  they  passed  "through  the  roof,  par- 
tition or  side  of  any  building,"  and  providing  a 
penalty  of  five  dollars  for  violation  of  this  law. 
Four  fire  wardens  were  also  appointed,  but 
found  no  call  for  their  services  until  a  year 
after,  when,  in  the  early  part  of  October,  1834, 
four  buildings  at  Lake  and  La  Salle  streets  were 
burnt  down.  The  Democrat  of  the  next  week, 
reporting  the  fire,  said :  "A  building  on  the  cor- 
ner, occupied  as  a  dwelling,  lost  $300.  There 
was  in  the  house  $220  in  money;  $125,  being  in. 
Jackson  money,  was  found  in  the  ruins.  The 
remainder,  the  rag  currency,  was  destroyed." 
Thus  it  appears  that,  even  so  early  as  1834,  our 
citizens  had  discovered  some  of  the  advantages 
of  "specie  payment."  In  November  of  the  same 
year  a  fine  of  five  dollars  was  affixed  as  the 
penalty  to  an  ordinance  against  carrying  "fire- 
brands or  coals  of  fire  from  one  house  or  build- 
ing to  another,  unless  the  same  be  carried, or  con- 
veyed in  a  coA'ered  earthen  or  fireproof  vessel.'1 

As  now  organized,  the  Fire  Department  is  di- 
vided into  sixteen  battalions,  each  under  a  chief 
of  battalion,  and  the  entire  force  under  charge 
of  a  fire  marshal.  Mr.  Denis  J.  Swenie  at  pres- 
ent holds  this  office,  and  his  record  in  the  ser- 
vice dates  back  to  its  beginning,  in  1858,  when 
he  was  Chief  Engineer.  The  working  force  con- 
sists of  1.1  Ifi  men  and  officers,  and  the  depart- 
ment owned,  at  the  close  of  1895,  84  steam  fire- 
engines,  27  chemical  engines,  4  powerful  fire- 
tugs,  2  stand-pipe  and  water  towers,  for  reach- 
ing lofty  buildings;  33  hook  and  ladder  trucks, 
100  hose  wagons,  carts,  and  carriages;  470 
horses,  2  life-saving  guns,  12  life-saving  nets, 


30 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


7,000  feet  of  ladders,  and  28  miles  of  hose.  The 
fire  21  In  ITU  system  is  very  thorough,  and  includes 
2,3!)(i  automatic  signal  boxes,  2,375  miles  of 
wire,  and  an  elaborate  network  of  overhead  and 
under-ground  telegraph  lines.  The  South  Di- 


RAND-McNALLY  BUILDING,   160-174  ADAMS  STREET 

vision  contains  38  steamers  and  11  hook  and 
ladder  outfits;  the  West  Division,  30  steamers 
and  10  hook  and  ladder  outfits,  and  the  North 
Division,  13  steamers,  and  5  hook  and  ladder 
outfits.  The  celerity  with  which  responses  are 
made  to  alarms  is  astonishing,  and  it  is  well 


worth  a  visit  to  one  of  the  prominent  engine 
houses  to  see  the  crew  get  under  way.  Steamer 
No.  32  is  located  at  foot  of  Monroe  street,  within 
convenient  walking  distance  of  all  the  centrally 
located  hotels. 

THE  HARBOR 

The  Chicago 
river,  at  the 
time  of  the  first 
occupation  o  f 
the  site,  was  en- 
tirely devoid  of 
natural  advan- 
tages for  har- 
borage, and  it 
would  h  a  v  e 
saved  the  city 
much  embar- 
rassment had 
the  ditch  never 
been  opened  to 
admit  a  sailing 
vessel  or  steam- 
er. It  would  be 
21  great  bless- 
ing if  this  foul 
gutter  could  be 
converted  from 
an  open  into  a 
closed  sewer, 
but,  once  made 
a  "  navigable 
stream,"  that 
became  impos- 
sible. 

In  1812  the 
soldiers  at  Fort 
Dearborn  cut  a 
channel 
through  the 
•sand  bar  oppo- 
site the  fort, 
and  thus  made 
the  first 
"improve- 
ments" looking 
toward  its  pres- 
ent greatness 
and  disgrace. 

In  1833,  the 
scheme  for  the 
Illinois  &  Mich- 
igan Canal  hav- 
ing been  pretty 
generally  a  c  - 
cepted,  the  gov- 
ernment opened 

its  preliminary  operations  by  appropriating 
|25,000  for  rendering  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago 
river  practicable.  Accordingly  the  two  piers 
were  begun,  and  carried  about  500  feet  out  into 
the  lake,  while  the  spring  freshets  of  1833 
saved  the  necssity  of  dredging  away  the  bar. 


THE    GOVERNMENT    BUILDING. 


31 


The  work  was  continued  intermittinglj  uutil 
1870,  when  it  was  decided  to  extend  the  original 
plans,  and  include  a  commodious  exterior  har- 
bor. These  plans  were  again  finally  modified 
in  1878,  so  that  the  completed  harbor  will  in- 
clude a  sheltered  area  sixteen  feet  in  depth, 
covering  -70  acres,  with  communicating  slips 
along  the  lake  front  covering  185  acres,  making 
a  total  of  455  acres ;  this,  in  addition  to  the  river 
proper,  with  which  the  outer  harbor  communi- 
cates. There  is,  also,  an  exterior  breakwater, 
one-third  of  a  mile  north  of  the  end  of  the 
north  pier,  so  situated  as  to  protect  vessels  en- 
tering the  mouth  of  the  river.  The  length  of 
this  outer  breakwater  will  be  5,436  feet,  of 
which  3,136  feet  have  been  completed.  The 
north  pier,  measuring  from  the  outer  end  of  the 
Michigan  street  slip,  is  1,600  feet  long,  and  ex- 
tends COO  feet,  beyond  the  easterly  breakwater, 
which  latter,  beginning  at  the  outer  end  of  the 
south  pier,  extends  directly  south  4,060  feet, 
and  is  distant  3,300  feet  from  the  present  shore 
line  south  of  Monroe  street.  A  channel  800  feet 
wide  intervenes  between  this  and  the  north  end 
of  the  southerly  breakwater.  This  latter  break- 
water continues  for  a  short  distance  due  south, 
then  turns  at  an  angle  of  30°,  and  extends  in  a 
southwesterly  direction  to  within  about  1,550 
feet  of  the  present  shore  line,  and  500  feet  from 
the  dock  line.  This  breakwater  is  3,950  feet  in 
length*.  The  line  of  wharves  and  slips  will  be 
ended,  and  the  southern  end  of  the  harbor  com- 
pleted, by  the  magnificent  wharf  to  be  built  by 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company  at  Thir- 
teenth street.  It  will  extend  to  the  government 
dock  line.  There  is  a  lighthouse  on  the  shore 
end,  and  a  beacon  light  on  the  lake  end  of  the 
north  pier,  and  a  beacon  light  on  the  south  end 
of  the  easterly  breakwater.  The  Life  Saving 
Station  is  at  the  lake  end  of  the  northernmost 
railroad  wharf,  directly  adjoining  the  south  pier. 

On  the  inner  harbor,  the  wharfing  privileges 
occasioned  much  dispute,  until  1833,  when  they 
were  denned,  the  wharves  being  sold  or  leased 
in  perpetuity,  on  payment  of  their  A'alue,  and 
an  annual  rental  of  one  barleycorn.  In  1857 
there  were  but  six  miles  of  dock,  while  at  the 
present  time  there  are  twelve  miles  of  slips  and 
slip-basins,  and  the  twenty-nine  miles  of  river 
front  are  mostly  docked.  It  happens  not  infre- 
quently that  more  than  a  thousand  vessels  win- 
ter in  this  harbor. 

THE  GOVERNA1ENT  BUILDING. 

This  is  an  immense  stone  structure,  built  in 
the  Romanesque  style,  with  Venetian  modifica- 
tions, and,  with  its  grounds,  covers  the  square 
bounded  by  Clark,  Jackson,  Dearborn  and 
Adams  streets.  The  building  proper  covers  a 
ground  space  of  342x210  feet,  not  inclusive  of 
the  elevated  lawns  which  surround  it  on  three 
sides.  It  is  three  stories  high,  with  basement 


and  attic.  The  building  and  site  together  cost 
the  government  over  $6,000,000,  but  the  work  is 
so  imperfect  that  it  is  condemned,  and  is  being 
removed  to  make  room  for  a  new  structure. 

The  Post  Office. — The  old  Kinzie  house  ap- 
pears to  have  served,  among  its  multifarious 
and  successive  uses,  as  Chicago's  first  Post  Of- 
fice. Anyway,  when,  in  1831,  this  city  was 
given  a  place  among  the  postal  towns,  Jona- 
than N.  Bailey  was  appointed  Postmaster,  and, 
as  there  is  no  record  of  any  special  office  being 
secured,  it  is  probable  that  the  mails  were  dis- 
tributed from  the  new  official's  residence,  the 
old  Kinzie  house.  At  this  time  Niles,  Mich., 
was  the  nearest  distributing  office,  and  from 
that  place  the  mails  came  fortnightly  by  horse- 
back to  Chicago.  But  by  1833  the  horseback 
mail  service  from  Xiles  had  doubled  in  fre- 
quency, while  the  office  had  risen  to  the  dignity 
of  occupying  half  a  log  cabin,  20x45  feet  in  ex- 
tent, near  the  corner  of  Lake  and  South  Water 
streets,  the  portion  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
official  partition  being  occupied  as  a  store  by 
Brewster,  Hogan  &  Co.,  the  second  member  of 
which  firm — John  S.  C.  Hogan — was  then  Post- 
master. From  this  date  until  1860,  when  the 
Government  Building  was  completed,  seven  or 
more  different  removes  were  made  to  accom- 
modate the  growing  business  of  the  office.  This 
first  Federal  building  stood  on  the  northwest 
corner  of  Dearborn  and  Monroe  streets,  and  was 
burnt  out  in  the  fire  of  1871,  the  mails,  however, 
having  been  saved.  The  building  was  after- 
ward repaired,  and  became  the  new  Adelphi, 
afterward  Haverly's  Theatre,  until  1881,  when 
it  was  torn  down,  and  replaced  by  the  First 
National  Bank  building. 

After  the  fire,  the  Post  Office  occupied  suc- 
cessively, Burlington  Hall;  corner  of  Sixteenth 
and  State  streets,  and  the  Wabash  Avenue  ^ 
Methodist  Church  building,  northwest  corner  of 
Wabash  avenue  and  Harrison  street,  until  that 
building  was  destroyed  in  the  conflagration  of 
1874.  After  this,  it  was  located  in  turn  at 
Washington  and  Halsted  streets  (now  the  West 
Division  sub-office);  in  the  Honore  building, 
northwest  corner  Dearborn  and  Adams  streets, 
where  it  was  again  burnt  out,  the  basement  of 
the  Singer  building  (now  Marshall  Field  &  Co.'s 
retail  store),  corner  of  State  and  Washington 
streets;  in  the  Government  Building,  south- 
east corner  of  Clark  and  Adams  streets,  and  at 
present  in  temporary  quarters  on  Michigan 
avenue,  between  Madison  and  Randolph. 

The  development  of  the  business  done  by  this 
office  has  been  little  short  of  phenomenal.  In 
1871,  forty  years  after  its  establishment  with  a 
fortnightly  horseback  mail,  it  had  become  the 
second  in  importance  under  the  government. 
Chicago  is  the  postal  distributing  centre  of  one- 
seventeenth  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  TTnited 
States.  It  is  the  postal  centre,  territorially  con- 
sidered, of  one-fifth  of  this  country.  It  is  the 


• 


LINCOLN    MONUMENT,    LINCOLN    PARK. 


THE    UNITED    STATES    MAIL. 


distributing  centre  of  nearly  5,000,000  people, 
and  the  great  proportion  of  its  business  is  of 
that  character.  It  contributes  oue-lifteeuth  of 
the  postal  revenue  of  the  United  States.  Its 
net  profit  is  second  to  that  of  New  York,  while 
its  percentage  of  profit  is  not  equaled  by  any  of 
the  large  cities  of  the  country.  Its  total  re- 
ceipts are  about  $5,000,000  a  year,  showing  an 
increase  of  235  per  cent,  within  the  last  ten 
years.  It  contributes  to  the  government  as 
much  as  do  the  cities  of  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati, 
San  Francisco,  Brooklyn,  and  Pittsburg  to- 
gether. The  allowance  for  clerk  hire  at  the 
Chicago  Post  Office  is  more  than  that  of  all  the 
Post  Offices  in  the  States  of  Alabama,  Arkan- 
sas, California,  Colorado,  Connecticut,  Dela- 
ware, Florida,  Georgia,  Idaho,  Kansas,  South 
Carolina,  Utah  and  Washington. 

Chicago  as  a  post  office  is,  territorially  con- 
sidered, with  its  187  square  miles,  the  largest  in 
the  world.  One  hundred  and  twenty-five  square 
miles  are  served  by  carriers,  of  whom  there  are 
1,092  in  number.  There  are  now  made  in  the 
city  3,500  deliveries  a  day,  and  about  1,100  col- 
lections, and  the  wagon  collectors  cover  in  the 
neighborhood  of  3,800  miles  a  day,  traveling 
miles  enough  to  encircle  the  world  once  a  week. 
The  number  of  persons  employed  in  the  Chicago 
Post  Office  is  about  2,600,  and  the  number  of 
persons  paid  by  the  Postmaster  of  Chicago  is 
about  3,100,  which  includes  the  clerks  of  the 
railway  mail  service  who  radiate  from  Chicago. 
The  amount  of  money  handled  by  the  money 
order  division  of  the  Chicago  Post  Office  this 
year  will  be,  in  round  figures,  $30,000,000,  or 
f  100,000  a  day.  The  money  order  business  of 
Chicago  is  forty  times  as  large  as  that  of  Brook- 
lyn. The  postal  receipts  of  this  office  this  year 
will  be  $5,000,000;  the  percentage  of  expense  to 
receipts  will  be  about  55  per  cent,  in  Chicago, 
considering  its  enormous  mileage  (nearly  4,000 
miles  of  which  is  covered  by  free  delivery.  This 
is  a  remarkable  showing.  Last  year  there  were 
handled  700,000,000  pieces  of  mail  matter. 
There  are  in  the  service  106  wagon  collectors, 
who  have  156  horses. 

There  are  in  Chicago  ninety-two  places  where 
money  orders  can  be  purchased  and  mail  matter 
registered,  and  190  places  where  stamps  are 
sold.  There  are  handled  on  an  average  in  this 
city  2,000,000  pieces  of  mail  matter  daily. 
There  are  collected  on  an  average  daily,  700,000 
pieces  of  first-class  mail  matter,  meaning  let- 
ters, of  which  about  500,000  are  for  delivery  out- 
side the  city,  and  about  200,000  for  delivery 
within  the  city.  In  addition  thereto  there  are 
letters  and  newspapers  (local  and  otherwise, 
pieces  of  mail  matter  delivered  by  carriers') 
enough  to  make  the  grand  total  of  1,000.000 
pieces  handled  by  the  carriers.  Nearly  40,000,- 
000  pounds  of  second-class  mail  matter  were 
handled  at  the  Chicago  Post  Office  last  year. 
This  amount  is  enormously  large,  and  when  re- 


duced to  figures  can  be  estimated  at  160,000,000 
newspapers,  or  500,000  a  day. 

The  number  of  third  and  fourth-class  pieces, 
such  as  catalogues,  books,  and  merchandise, 
amounted  to  more  than  12,000,000,  thus  mak- 
ing a  total  of  bulky  matter,  on  the  average,  of 
more  than  1,000,000  a  month. 

The  honor  of  devising  distribution  cars  and 
perfecting  the  railway  mail  service  is  usually 
given  to  Col.  George  B.  Armstrong,  Assistant 
Postmaster  of  the  Chicago  office  in  1864.  He 
was  made  the  first  Superintendent  of  that 
branch  of  the  service  as  soon  as  it  was  organ- 
ized, and  died  on  May  5,  1871.  There  is  a  bust 
of  him  standing  on  the  government  grounds,  at 
the  corner  of  Clark  and  Adams  streets. 

The  Custom  House.— Prior  to  1846,  the 
port  of  Chicago  was  a  tributary  of  the  Detroit 
district,  but  on  July  16th  of  that  year  it  was 
made,  by  Act  of  Congress,  a  port  of  entry,  and 
on  August  10th  William  B.  Snowhook,  pre- 
viously special  surveyor,  was  appointed  Collec- 
tor of  the  Port.  The  Custom  House  was  then 
located  at  3  Clark  street.  In  1852  it  was  re- 
moved to  129  South  Water  street,  again  re- 
moved, in  1856,  to  13  La  Salle  street,  where  it 
remained  until  1866,  when  it  was  transferred 
to  the  new  government  building,  at  the  corner 
of  Dearborn  and  Monroe  streets.  After  the  fire, 
temporary  quarters  were  occupied  during  seven 
months,  in  Congress  Hall  Hotel,  at  the  corner  of 
Michigan  avenue  and  Congress  street.  These 
quarters  proving  inadequate  a  change  was  made 
to  the  Republic  Life  Insurance  building,  where 
the  department  remained  until  1885,  when  a 
transfer  was  made  to  the  now  abandoned  gov- 
ernment building,  and  is  at  present  temporarily 
at  the  corner  of  Harrison  street  and  Pacific  ave- 
nue. 

The  following  shows  the  business  transacted 
in  the  Inspector's  Division  of  the  Custom  House 
during  1895:  There  were  weighed  29,617,861 
Ibs.  of  tin-plate;  4,966,877  Ibs.  of  soda;  3,102,959 
Ibs.  of  tobacco;  36,678,232  Ibs.  of  miscellaneous 
matter,  making  a  total  of  74,365,929  Ibs.  There 
were  gauged  315,046  gallons  of  spirits,  and  6,238 
packages  stamped.  There  were  2,517,379  cigars 
received,  and  66,747  boxes  stamped.  The  num- 
ber of  vessels  measured  was  20,  number  dis- 
charged, 303;  cars  transferred,  469;  cars  dis- 
charged, 7,702;  cars  inspected,  2,340;  consign- 
ments, 8,889.  There  were  929,194  packages  de- 
livered to  consignee,  26,145  to  appraiser,  and 
334,153  to  warehouse. 

The  growth  of  the  department  is  shown  by 
the  following  figures: 

Exports,  1836,  $1,000.64;  imports,  $325,- 
203.90:  1857,  exports,  $1,585,096;  imports  from 
Canada,  $326,325;  duties  collected  on  all  impor- 
tations, $143,009.23;  while,  by  1871,  the  value  of 
imports  had  reached  $3,989,860,  on  which  there 
were  collected  $1,985.370.10.  During  the  same 
year  there  arrived  12,320  vessels,  with  3,096,101 


34 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


tonnage,  and  cleared  12,312  vessels,  of  3,082,235 
tonnage.  By  1891  the  value  of  imports  had 
risen  to  f  1(>*828,394,  paying  in  duties  $5,920,- 
10(5.02.  The  number  of  vessels  owned  in  Chi- 
cago at  the  close  of  the  same  year  was  3GO,  with 
a  total  tonnage  of  72,600.  This  port  registers 
more  entries  and  clearances  than  any  other  in 
the  country. 

MILITARY. 

Major-General  Wesley  Merritt,  who,  on  the 
transfer  of  Major-General  Nelson  A.  Miles,  as- 
sumed command  of  the  Department  of  the  Mis- 
souri, U.  S.  A.,  has  his  headquarters  on  the 
fourth  floor  of  the  Pullman  building,  corner 
Michigan  avenue  and  Adams  street. 

The  new  Post  at  Fort  Sheridan,  twenty-four 
and  one-half  miles  north  of  the  city,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  North- Western  Railway,  and  overlook- 
ing the  lake,  quarters  ten  companies  of  the  reg- 
ular United  States  army. 

The  First  Brigade  of  the  Illinois  National 
Guard  has  its  headquarters  in  Chicago.  This 
Brigade  comprises  the  First  Regiment  of  In- 
fantry, with  a  granite  armory  at  Sixteenth 
street  and  Michigan  avenue;  the  Second  Regi- 
ment of  Infantry,  occupying  a  splendid  brick  ar- 
mory at  the  corner  of  Washington  boulevard 
and  Curtis  street;  the  Third  Regiment  of  In- 
fantry, the  Fourth  Regiment  of  Infantry,  the 
First  Regiment  of  Cavalry,  occupying  a  stone 
armory  on  Michigan  avenue,  north  of  Monroe 
street;  Battery  C  and  Battery  D,  whose  stone 
armory  is  at  the  corner  of  Michigan  avenue  and 
Monroe  street,  adjoining  that  of  the  First  Cav- 
alry. The  Brigade  headquarters  are  in  the 
Pullman  building,  corner  Michigan  avenue  and 
Adams  street.  This  Brigade  numbers  about 
2,500  men,  1,500  of  whom  are  residents  of  Chi- 
cago. Beside  these,  there  are  in  the  city  several 
detached  military  companies,  all  liable  to  State 
service. 

CRIMINAL  COURT  AND  COUNTY  JAIL. 

These  departments  of  justice  occupy  three 
buildings,  covering  about  two-thirds  of  the 
square  bounded  by  Michigan  street,  Dearborn 
avenue,  Illinois  and  Clark  streets.  The  crimi- 
nal court  building  has  a  frontage  of  140  feet  on 
Dearborn  avenue,  and  65  feet  on  Michigan 
street.  This  building  is  of  limestone.  The 
county  court  sessions  begin  on  the  first  Mon- 


day of  each  month.  The  jail,  on  Illinois  street, 
is  of  brick,  and  contains  198  cells,  of  which  136 
are  for  male,  48  for  female,  and  16  for  juvenile 
offenders.  The  buildings  cost  $375,000. 

PUBLIC  BUILDINGS  AND  INSTITUTIONS. 

Trade,  as  well  as  society,  has  grown  luxuri- 
ous in  its  tastes  during  these  latter  days. 
Time  was  when  the  great  financiers,  at  the 
helms  of  important  mercantile  enterprises, 
were  contented  with  the  meanest  of  quarters, 
on  the  theory  that  the  beauty  of  the  oyster 
has  nothing  to  do  with  the  value  of  the  pearl. 
But  tempora  mutantur,  et  nos  mutamus  in 
illis  (times  change,  and  we  change  in  them), 
the  merchant  prince  now  prefers  to  occupy  a 
mercantile  palace,  and  the  great  generals  of 
finance  want  something  more  than  shabby 
tents  for  their  departmental  headquarters. 
Therefore  it  is  that  Chicago,  being  the  most 
modern  of  all  the  four  great  commercial  centers 
of  America,  more  than  any  of  her  sister  cities 
reflects  this  modern  idea,  and  has  to  show  such 
a  great  number  of  handsome  and  imposing 
blocks  and  buildings  devoted  to  purely  com- 
mercial uses.  If  there  is  a  typical  American 
city,  it  is  this,  America's  youngest  daughter; 
and,  if  there  be  such  a  thing  as  American 
architecture,  it  is  to  be  seen  in  the  buildings 
of  Chicago.  Their  materials  are  brought  from 
every  field,  and  their  designs  from  every 
source.  As  the  bulk  of  Chicago's  business  is 
done  within  the  two  square  miles  bounded  on 
the  east  by  the  lake,  on  the  south  by  Twelfth 
street,  on  the  west  by  Halsted  street,  and  on 
the  north  by  the  river,  the  blocks  and  build- 
ings here  described  are  nearly  all  within  easy 
walking  distance  of  the  City  Hall,  or  any  of 
the  hotels. 

The  foregoing  gives  a  tolerably  fair  idea  of 
the  official  organization  and  governmental  de- 
partments of  the  city.  Closely  connected  with 
them  are  the  courts  and  those  who  are  entrust- 
ed with  the  administration  of  the  law.  And, 
inasmuch  as  a  city  depends,  not  so  much  on 
its  great  buildings  and  improvements,  as  upon 
the  men  who  maintain  its  activities,  we  here- 
by present  the  portraits  and  biographical 
sketches  of  some  of  Chicago's  representative 
men  who  are  intimately  connected  with  its  of- 
ficial and  administrative  functions,  the  law- 
yers. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


HON.    ABNER    SMIITH. 

The  position  of  judge  on  the  bench,  when 
clothed  with  its  true  purity  and  strength, 
ranks  first  among  the  callings  of  men.  Law 
is  the  voice  of  God  and  the  harmony  of  the 
world;  and  its  administration  should  be  by  con- 
scientious men  who  are  calm  in  the  strength 
of  fl  a  w  1  e  s  s 
rectitude. 
Judge  Abner 
Smith,  who 
was  elected 
to  the  Circuit 
Court  bench 
in  November, 
1893,  has  evi- 
denced the 
possession  of 
qualities  and 
abilities 
which  place 
him  in  the 
rank  of  such 
judges.  He 
has  served 
with  great 
satisfaction  in 
the  law,  chan- 
cery and  crim- 
inal courts, 
and  has  won 
the  esteem 
and  high 
praise  of  the 
bar,  on  ac- 
count of  his 
legal  ability, 
judicial  tem- 
perament and 
fairness.  His 
work,  say 
the  lawyers, 
is  performed 
with  the  ut- 
most sincer- 
ity, never  slurred  over  or  hastened  as  a  lawyer 
or  judge;  and  into  it,  he  puts  the  best  of  him- 
self— his  best  thoughts,  his  acute  observation, 
his  close  knowledge  of  law  and  of  human 
nature.  As  a  judge,  his  acts  are  strong  and  full 
of  breadth,  accuracy  and  force.  Since  juris- 
prudence is  the  foundation  of  the  com- 
monwealth, and  indispensable  to  its  growth. 


HON.    ABNER    SMITH. 


prosperity  and  advance,  it  is  well  that  such 
judges  represent  and  enforce  it. 

In  sound  judgment,  in  patient  industry,  in 
clear  conception  of  the  spirit  and  scope  of  ju- 
risprudence and  intuitive  perception  of  right, 
Judge  Smith  already  ranks  high  in  the  esti- 
mation of  bench,  bar  and  public. 

Abner  Smith  was  born  at  Orange,  Franklin 

County,  Mas- 
s  a  chusetts, 
A  u  g  u  s  t  4, 
1843.  His  par- 
ents were 
Hump  hrey 
and  Sophro- 
n  ia  (W  a  r  d) 
Smith,  who 
moved  to  Mid- 
dlebury,  Ver- 
mont, to  edu- 
cate a  large 
family.  Abner 
w  a  s  gradu- 
ated from 
M  i  d  d  1  e  - 
bury  College, 
in  18(56,  after 
which  he 
taught  in 
Newton 
A  c  a  d  e  m  y, 
S  h  o  r  e  h  am, 
Vt.  He  came 
to  Chicago  in 
18(57  and  en- 
tered the  law 
office  of  J.  L. 
Stark,  a 
prom  inent 
lawyer;  stud- 
ied law,  was 
admitted  to 
the  bar  in 
1868,  and  en- 
tered into 
partner- 
ship  with  Mr.  Stark.  When  the  latter  died  in 
1873.  he  succeeded  to  the  business  of  the  firm. 
He  has  been  in  active  practice  since;  has 
devoted  himself  to  his  profession;  and  has 
been  rewarded  by  a  most  satisfactory  success 
in  all  respects.  He  has  won  a  competence,  not 
one  dollar  of  which  was  ever  rusted  with  tears, 
or  stained  with  blood.  He  has  merited  and 


35 


36 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


won  the  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens  because 
of  his  uprightness  in  business  and  his  straight 
forward  conduct.  For  several  years  after  the 
dissolution  of  the  firm  of  Stark  &  Smith,  by 
the  death  of  Mr.  Stark,  he  practiced  alone. 
In  1877,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  J. 
M.  H.  Hurgett,  under  the  name  of  Smith  and 
Burgett,  which  continued  until  1887.  His  an- 
cestry, on  the  paternal  and  maternal  side,  are 
among  the  oldest  and  most  substantial  fami- 
lies in  Massachusetts,  the  latter,  the  Ward 
family,  known  in  the  annals  of  the  Revolution, 
before  and  since,  in  public  positions  of  trust 
and  honor  in  legislature  and  the  judiciary.  Ab- 
ner  Smith's  legal  acumen  and  ability  were  in- 
herited and  have  been  multiplied  by  his  own 
attainments.  As  a  lawyer  he  engaged  in  a 
high  order  of  litigation  and  with  a  marked  de- 
gree of  success.  His  upcome  has  been  grad- 
ual, permanent  and  sure.  So  far  as  a  judge 
goes,  he  has  met  the  expectations  and  sanguine 
prediction  of  his  friends.  In  1869  he  married 
Ada  P.,  daughter  of  Sereno  Smith,  of  Shore- 
ham,  Vt. ;  and  resides  at  No.  15  Aldine  Square. 

GEORGE  EVERETT  ADAMS. 

George  Everett  Adams  was  born  June  18,  1840,  in 
Keene,  New  Hampshire.  He  is  a  descendant,  in  di- 
rect line,  from  the  original  Adams  family,  which  set- 
tled at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  1628.  His  father,  Benja- 
min F.  Adams,  came  to  Chicago  in  1835  and  made 
some  investments;  but  did  not  remove  here  with  his 


GEORGE  EVERETT  ADAMS. 

family  until  1853.  Young  George  received  the  first 
rudiments  of  his  education  in  the  common  schools 
of  his  native  town  and  afterward  at  Phillips  Exeter 
Academy  and  Harvard  College,  where  he  graduated  in 
the  class  of  1860.  He  also  graduated  from  the  Dane 
Law  School  in  1865.  For  a  short  time  he  was  a  mem- 


ber of  Battery  A,  Illinois  Artillery,  in  the  early  part 
of  the  war,  since  which  he  has  devoted  his  energies  to 
the  practice  of  the  law  when  not  serving  in  official 
stations.  Mr.  Adams  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  State 
Senate  in  1880.  In  1882  he  was  elected  to  Congress 
and  re-elected  in  1884,  1886  and  1888,  where  he  served 
with  distinction  on  the  committee  on  banking  and 
currency,  and  on  the  committee  on  judiciary.  He  is 
now  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Overseers  of  Harvard 
College,  a  trustee  of  the  Newberry  Library,  a  trustee 
of  the  Field  Columbian  Museum  and  a  member  of  the 
Chicago  Board  of  Education. 

CHARLES   H.   ALDRICH. 

Charles  H.  Aldrich  was  born  August  26,  1850,  in  La 
Grange  County,  Indiana,  and  is  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Michigan.  He  began  the  practice  of 
the  law  at  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  in  1876.  He  removed 
to  Chicago  in  1886,  and  soon  took  high  rank  at  the 


CHAS.  H.  ALDRICH. 

bar.  He  is  connected  with  much  of  the  most  import- 
ant litigation  pending  in  the  State  and  United  States 
courts  in  Chicago;  and  is  often  engaged  in  contest 
in  other  jurisdictions.  He  served  as  Solicitor  General 
of  the  United  States  during  the  latter  part  of  Harri- 
son's administration  and  the  first  part  of  Cleveland's 
second  administration.  He  was  married  October  13, 
1875,  to  Miss  Helen  Roberts,  a  beautiful  and  ac- 
complished woman,  to  whom  he  attributes  such  suc- 
cess as  has  come  to  him.  They  have  three  children-- 
one son  and  two  daughters — and  reside  at  Evanston, 
Illinois. 

EDGAR  A.  BANCROFT. 

Edgar  A.  Bancroft,  though  a  resident  of  Chicago 
for  but  little  over  four  years,  is  already  one  of  its 
best-known  and  popular  lawyers.  He  is  the  general 
solicitor  of  the  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana  and  "The 
Belt  Line"  railroads.  For  three  years  he  was  the  so- 
licitor for  Illinois  of  the  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  Company; 
and  as  such  he  had  a  prominent  part  in  the  contempt 
proceeding  in  the  United  States  courts,  growing  out  of 
the  Chicago  strike  of  1894. 

Mr.  Bancroft  graduated  from  Knox  College  in  187.S. 
after  winning  first  honors  in  the  interstate  oratorical 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES. 


37 


contest.  In  1880  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  from 
the  law  school  of  Columbia  College,  New  York.  His 
career  as  a  lawyer  began  at  Galesburg,  and  his  ad- 


EDGAR  A.  BANCROFT. 

vancement  in  his  profession  has  been  constant.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Union  League,  the  Chicago  Liter- 
ary, the  Caxton,  the  Marquette  and  the  Law  Clubs. 

WILLIAM  H.  BARNUM. 

William  H.  Barnum  was  born  in  Onondaga  County, 
New  York,  February  15,  1840.  His  parents  removed  to 


WILLIAM  H.  BARNUM. 

Belleville,  St.  Clair  County,  Illinois,  when  he  was 
about  two  years  of  age.  As  he  grew  up,  he  attended 
private  schools;  and,  at  sixteen,  entered  the  State 


normal  school  at  Ypsilanti,  Michigan,  where  he  spent 
two  and  one-half  years.  He  then  began  teaching  at 
his  home,  at  Belleville,  in  order  to  earn  the  money  to 
continue  his  studies.  He  entered  the  sophomore  class 
of  the  University  of  Michigan  in  the  fall  of  1858,  and, 
although  compelled  to  relinquish  his  studies  there 
during  the  junior  year,  he  has  since  been  accorded  the 
honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  by  that  institution. 
On  leaving  college  he  resumed  teaching  at  Belleville, 
at  the  same  time  continuing  his  classical,  literary  and 
historical  studies  under  competent  instructors. 

In  1860  Judge  Barnum  began  the  study  of  the  law 
under  Hon.  George  Trumbull,  a  brother  of  Ex-Senator 
Lyman  Trumbull.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1862,  and  began  at  Chester,  Randolph  County,  Illinois. 
In  1867  he  removed  to  Chicago  and  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Lawrence  J.  J.  Nissen;  and  continued  in 
the  active  practice  of  the  law  under  various  connec- 
tions until  1879,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  bench. 
For  six  years  he  filled  the  judicial  office  with  satisfac- 
tion to  the  bar  and  honor  to  himself,  when  he  resigned 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

Judge  Barnum,  while  practicing  at  the  bar  has  prob- 
ably figured  as  extensively  in  the  celebrated  cases  of 
his  time  as  any  lawyer  in  Chicago,  his  name  being 
prominently  associated  with  the  legal  history  of  the 
country. 

LEWIS  H.  BISBEE. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Derby,  Or- 
leans County,  Vermont,  March  28,  1839.  He  was 
brought  up  on  a  farm;  and  at  sixteen  began  an 


LEWIS  II.  BISBEE. 

academic  course  of  study,  afterward  entering  St.  Hy- 
acinth College,  Montreal.  Here  he  acquired  among 
other  things,  a  thorough  knowledge  of  French;  when 
he  returned  to  Derby  and  began  the  study  of  the  law, 
supporting  himself  in  the  meantime  by  teaching 
French.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1862,  but 
soon  enlisted  for  service  in  the  war,  being  made  cap- 
tain of  Company  H,  9th  Vermont  Infantry.  He  re- 
signed in  1863  by  reason  of  ill  health,  and  returned  to 
the  practice  of  the  law.  In  1866  he  was  elected  state's 
attorney  of  Orleans  County  and  re-elected  in  1867,  but 
resigned  to  become  collector  of  customs  at  Newport. 
In  1869  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  Vermont,  and  again  in  1870.  During  the  same  time 


38 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


he  served  as  commissioner  for  Vermont  under  the  ex- 
tradition treaty  with  Canada.  Mr.  Bisbee  now  sought 
a  wider  field  for  his  activities  and  so  removed  to 
Chicago  and  there  again  began  the  practice  of  the 
law.  In  1875  he  attacked  the  validity  of  the  blanket 
mortgage  which  B.  P.  Allen,  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa, 
had  placed  upon  his  real  estate  before  his  failure,  and 
succeeded  in  having  it  set  aside.  Since  then  he  has 
been  connected  with  other  celebrated  cases.  Mrs. 
Hetty  Green,  said  to  be  the  richest  woman  in  the 
world,  is  one  of  his  clients. 

Mr.  Bisbee  is  the  author  of  "The  Law  of  Produce 
Exchange,"  which  is  standard  on  the  law  governing 
stock  and  grain  exchanges.  He  is  a  Republican  and 
has  taken  a  prominent  part  in  many  Republican  cam- 
paigns. In  1878  he  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  Legis- 
lature, receiving  almost  the  unanimous  vote  of  his 
district.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  annexation 
of  Hyde  Park  to  Chicago,  being  one  of  the  originators 
of  the  scheme.  He  was  married  in  1864  to  Miss  Jane 
E.  Hinman,  of  Vermont.  They  have  two  children. 

LESTER  L.  BOND. 

Lester  L.  Bond  was  born  at  Ravenna,  Ohio,  in  1829. 
He  received  his  early  training  in  the  public  schools 
and  later  attended  school  in  the  winter  and  worked  in 
a  machine  shop  during  the  summer.  He  began  tho 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  F.  W.  Tappan,  completing 
it  under  Beirce  and  Jeffries.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1853.  He  removed  to  Chicago  in  1854  and  be- 


LESTER  L.  BOND. 

gan  his  practice,  in  the  prosecution  of  which  he 
gradually  dropped  common  law  and  devoted  all  his 
energies  to  patent  law,  on  which  he  has  come  to  be 
a  recognized  authority — one  of  the  most  eminent  in 
the  northwest.  Mr.  Bond  has  served  two  terms  in  the 
Illinois  Legislature  and  several  in  the  Chicago  City 
Council,  where  he  has  made  a  most  enviable  record. 
He  is  a  member  of  many  of  the  powerful  Chicago  clubs 
and  a  Mason  of  high  degree. 

JOHN  S.  MILLER. 

John  S.  Miller  was  born   at  Louisville,   N.   Y.,   in 
1847.     He  graduated  at  the  St.  Lawrence  University  in 


1869,  when  he  became  a  professor  in  that  institution, 
at  the  same  time  studying  law.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1870,  and  came  to  Chicago  to  practice  his 
profession  in  1874. 

In  1891  Mr.  Miller  was  appointed  corporation  coun- 
sel by  Mayor  Washburne,  and  during  two  arduous 
years  of  labor  won,  amongst  other  victories,  a  recog- 
nition of  the  city's  right  to  compel  railroads  to  elevate 
their  tracks.  Mr.  Miller  also  argued  and  won  the  cel- 
ebrated "Lake  Front  case,"  involving  the  right  of  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  to  occupy  the  Lake  front. 

Mr.  Miller  is  now  a  member  of  the  eminent  firm  of 
Peck,  Miller  &  Starr,  and  it  need  scarcely  be  insisted 
upon,  as  amongst  the  leaders  of  the  Chicago  bar.  Mr. 
Miller  married  in  1887,  and  is  the  father  of  two  chil- 
dren, has  a  large  circle  of  friends,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Chicago,  Union  League  University  and  other 
clubs. 


CLAYTON  EDWARD  CRAFTS. 

Mr.  Clayton  E.  Crafts  was  born  July  8,  1848,  at  Au- 
burn, Ohio.  His  earlier  years  were  spent  on  his 
father's  farm  and  attending  the  common  schools.  In 


CLAYTON  E.  CRAFTS. 

1864  he  entered  Hiram  College.  At  twenty  he  gradu- 
ated from  the  Ohio  State  and  Union  Law  College,  at 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Short- 
ly after  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Judge  John  J. 
Van  Allen,  at  Watkins,  New  York,  remaining  there 
until  1869,  when  he  came  to  Chicago  and  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  1882  he  was  elected  to 
the  Illinois  House  of  Representatives;  and  has  since 
served  continuously.  He  was  elected  speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  for  two  successive  terms. 
those  of  1891  and  1893.  He  is  a  recognized  leader  in 
the  Democratic  party;  and  senior  member  of  the  law 
firm  of  Crafts  and  Stevens,  making  a  specialty  of  real 
estate  and  corporation  law.  Mr.  Stevens  is  master 
in  chancery  for  the  Superior  Court  of  Cook  County 
and  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  at  the  bar. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES. 


39 


GEORGE   W.    BROWN. 

George  W.  Brown,  County  Judge  of  Du  Page  Coun- 
ty, Illinois,  and  one  of  the  foremost  men  at  the  bar 
In  the  West,  was  born  at  Winfleld  Township,  Du 
Page  County,  May  17,  1859.  He  received  his  early 
training  in  the  common  schools  of  his  county,  from 
which  he  passed  to  the  high  school  at  Wheaton,  final- 
ly graduating  at  the  Northwestern  College  at  Naper- 
ville.  From  here  he  entered  the  Union  College  of 
Law  of  Chicago,  taking  the  full  course.  In  the  mean- 
while he  read  law  with  Hoyne,  Horton  and  Hoyne, 
of  Chicago,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Wheaton 
in  1883.  He  then  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Wheaton,  taking  a  lively  interest  in 
all  public  mat 
ters  affectin 
the  people  of 
Northern  Illi- 
nois. In  the 
meantime  h  i  s 
practice  rapidly 
increased,  to- 
gether with  his 
popularity 
among  the  peo- 
ple. In  1890  he 
was  elected 
County  Judge  of 
Du  Page  Coun- 
ty, and  in  1894 
was  re-elected 
by  an  over- 
whelming  m  a  - 
jority,  being 
practically  th« 
nominee  of  both 
political  parties. 
It  is  needless  to 
say  that  the  ad- 
ministration of 
his  office  has 
met  with  the 
hearty  approval 
of  the  people. 
That  is  suffi- 
ciently indicat- 
ed by  the  unan- 
imity of  his  re- 
election. 

Judge  Brown 
is  nearly,  if  not 
quite,  as  much 
appreciated  i  n 
Chicago  as  he  is 
in  his  own  coun- 
ty. He  is  often 
assigned  to  duty 
on  the  bench  of 
this  county  on 
the  trial  of  im- 
portant cases, 
where  he  has 
given  uniform 
satisfaction  both  to  lawyers  and  litigants. 

Judge  Brown  has  opened  an  office  in  Chicago  in 
connection  with  Mr.  J.  P.  Snyder,  who  is  also  a  resi- 
dent of  Wheaton,  under  the  firm  name  of  Brown  anil 
Snyder.  The  practice  of  the  firm  ranks  along  with 
the  largest  and  most  important  in  the  city.  Judge 
Brown  was  special  attorney  for  the  Northwestern 
and  Metropolitan  Elevated  Railroad  Companies  in 
most  of  their  condemnation  suits  while  building  and 
extending  their  systems.  He  is  a  safe  and  cautious 
counsellor;  a  clear  and  logical  reasoner:  a  fluent 
speaker;  and  before  a  jury  a  powerful  and  effective 
advocate.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  des- 
tinies of  the  Republican  party,  and  wields  a  powerful 


GEORGE  W.  BROWN. 


influence  throughout  the  whole  of  the  northern  part 
of  the  state. 

Judge  Brown  is  a  Mason,  a  Knight  Templar  of 
Bethel  Commandery,  Elgin,  Illinois;  a  "Shriner,"  of 
Medina  Temple,  Chicago;  a  member  of  the  Odd  Fel- 
lows, the  National  Union,  Modern  Woodmen,  Knights 
of  Pythias  and  other  societies.  He  is  a  man  of  mod- 
erate means  and  in  the  prime  of  life.  Whatever  he 
has  and  whatever  he  is  has  come  from  his  own  un- 
aided exertions;  and  it  is  fair  to  expect  that  the  same 
qualities  of  diligence  and  steadfast  uprightness  that 
have  characterized  him  in  the  past  will  carry  him  to 
still  greater  fame  and  fortune  in  the  future.  Men  do 
not  stop  growing  in  the  middle  of  their  careers. 
Judge  Brown  has  still  the  best  portion  of  his  life 

before  him  and 
h  e  confidently 
looks  forward  to 
a  long  life  of 
usefulness  and 
honor. 


HON.    LYS- 
ANDER     HILL. 

Lysander  Hill 
was  born  in 
Union,  Lincoln 
County,  Maine, 
July  4,  1834,  the 
son  of  Isaac  and 
Eliza  M.  (Hall) 
Hill,  tracing  his 
ancestry  to  the 
earliest  settlers 
o  t  Massachu- 
setts. After 
passing  through 
the  common 
schools,  he  stud- 
ied at  Warren 
Academy,  and 
entered  B  o  w  - 
doin  College  in 
1854  and  grad- 
uated therefrom 
in  1858.  Choos- 
ing the  law  as 
his  profession, 
he  entered  the 
law  office  of  A. 
P.  Gould,  at 
Thomaston, 
Maine,  and  was 
admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1860.  He 
began  practicing 
a  t  once  i  n 
Thomaston, 
forming  a  part- 
nership with  J. 
P.  Cilley,  under 
the  firm  name 
of  Cilley  &  Hill.  This  partnership  was  dissolved  in 
1862  when  Mr.  Hill  entered  the  Union  army  as  captain 
in  the  Twentieth  Maine  Infantry.  In  1863,  on  account 
of  physical  disability,  Mr.  Hill  received  'his  discharge 
from  the  army. 

He  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Alexandria,  Vir- 
ginia, and  Washington,  D.  C.,  under  the  style  of  Hill 
&  Tucker. 

He  was  Register  in  Bankruptcy  of  the  Eighth  Judi- 
cial District  of  Virginia  from  1867  to  1869,  when  he 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  district  to  fill  an  unex- 
pired  term. 

In  1874  Judge  Hill  removed  to  Washington,  D.  C., 
and  in  May,  1881,  removed  to  Chicago. 


40 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


Judge  tun  was  married  in  February,  1864,  to  Ade- 
laide R.  Cole,  of  Roxbury,  Massachusetts.  This  union 
has  been  blessed  with  three  children. 

In  politics,  Judge  Hill  is  a  Republican.  Judge  Hill 
takes  rank  as  one  of  the  ablest  patent  attorneys  in 
the  entire  country.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  pleasing  ad- 
dress and  enjoys  the  esteem  of  a  large  circle  of  friends. 

EDWARD  S.  ELLIOTT. 

Edward  S.  Elliott,  though  less  than  thirty-five  years 
of  age,  has  already  achieved  a  record  that  would  be 
creditable  to  an  older  man.  As  a  young  man  he  edu- 
cated himself,  taught  school  and  entered  the  Univer- 
sity of  West  Virginia,  from  which  he  graduated  with 
the  highest  honors:  and  was  for  two  years  assistant 
professor  of  ancient  languages  in  that  institution. 
Then,  graduating  from  its  law  school,  he  took  post- 
graduate law  courses  at  the  University  of  Virginia  and 
at  Columbia  College,  New  York,  and  began  law  prac- 
tice in  New  York  City.  Subsequently  returning  to  Wes; 


large  practice,  making  a  specialty  of  patent  law,  in 
which    department    he   is   an   authority    of   national 


EDWARD  S.  ELLIOTT. 

Virginia,  he  took  high  rank  in  his  profession.  An  earn- 
est Republican  in  polilics,  he  stumped  the  state  for  the 
Republican  ticket  and  made  a  reputation  as  a  power- 
ful public  speaker.  He  was  appointed  assistant 
United  States  District  Attorney  by  President  Harri- 
son, which  position  he  filled  with  distinguished  ability 
for  four  years,  when  he  removed  to  Chicago.  Mr.  El- 
liott is  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Bar  Association  and 
of  the  Union  League  and  Hamilton  Clubs. 

NELSON  COWLES  GRIDLEY. 

At  the  age  of  eighteen  Mr.  Gridley  began  the  study 
of  law  in  the  office  of  Kent  and  Davies,  of  New  York, 
in  which  city  he  was  born  in  1829.  When  twenty 
years  of  age  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Clerk  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  city  and  County  of  New  York, 
and  filled  the  position  for  two  years.  During  the  last 
year  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  began  the  ac- 
tive practice  of  his  profession  in  conjunction  with 
Cyrus  Lawton,  and  later  in  partnership  with  J.  G. 
Lamberson.  In  1854  hp  went  to  San  Francisco  and 
practiced  there  until  1856,  in  which  year  he  moved  to 
Milwaukee,  and  finally,  in  1870,  came  to  Chicago. 
Since  living  in  Chicago.  Mr.  Gridley  has  built  up  a 


NELSON  C.  GRIDLEY. 

reputation.  Mr.  Gridley's  home  is  in  Evanston,  in  the 
advancement  of  which  place  he  has  taken  a  great  in- 
terest. 

GEORGE  W.  KRETZINGER. 

George  W.  Kretzinger  has  been  in  the  successful 
practice  of  law  in  Chicago  for  more  than  twenty 
years.  His  knowledge  of  legal  matters  is  unusually 


GEORGE   W.   KRETZINGER. 


wide,  but  he  is  especially  learned  in  corporation  law 
in  which  branch  of  his  profession  his  success  has  been 
most  marked.  As  an  advocate  Mr.  Kretzinger  is  pow- 
erful and  eloquent.  Among  other  important  positions, 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES. 


41 


Mr.  Kretzinger  has  for  some  time  been  general  coun- 
sel of  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad 
Company.  Mr.  Kretzinger's  determination  of  charac- 
ter was  early  evidenced  by  his  entering  the  army  at 
the  age  of  fifteen.  He  served  during  the  entire  war. 
and,  youthful  as  he  was.  was  noted  for  his  courage 
and  capacity.  In  social  circles  Mr.  Kretzinger  is  much 
esteemed,  and  his  manly  qualities  have  won  him 
many  friends. 

WILLIAM   SIDNEY   ELLIOTT,   JR. 

William  Sidney  Elliott,  Jr.,  son  of  William  Sidney 
and  Caroline  (Morse)  Elliott,  was  born  at  Niles,  Mich- 
igan, May  1,  1849,  and  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  John 
Eliot,  the  noted 
Indian  apostle. 
His  early  edu- 
cation was  ac- 
quired in  the 
public  schools  of 
Quincy,  Illinois. 
After  leaving 
school  he  en- 
tered the  bank- 
ing house  of  L. 
&  C.  H.  Bull,  of 
Quincy,  where 
he  remained  for 
four  years.  Com- 
ing to  Chicago 
in  March,  1869, 
he  obtained  a 
position  with 
the  old  State  In- 
surance Com- 
pany of  Chica- 
go, with  which 
he  remained  for 
one  year,  leav- 
ing it  in  1870  to 
enter  the  insur- 
ance brokerage 
business  in 
which  he  worked 
up  one  of  the 
best  paying  pat- 
ronages of  the 
great  Chicago 
fire  period.  In 
1879  he  began 
the  study  of  law 
in  the  office  of 
Emery  A.  Storrs, 
with  whom  he 
formed  a  part- 
nership after 
his  admission  to 
the  bar  in  1882, 
which  ended  in 
1887,  when  he 
was  appointed 
assistant  state's 
attorney  of  Cook 
County  under  Judge  Longenecker,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained five  years,  during  which  time  he  prosecuted 
and  secured  the  conviction  of  many  noted  criminals, 
among  them  being  George  Painter,  executed  for  the 
murder  of  his  mistress,  Alice  Martin;  George  Hath- 
way,  the  slayer  of  Alderman  Whalen,  sentenced  to 
life  imprisonment  afterwards  sent,  on  his  plea  of 
guilty,  to  three  years  in  penitentiary;  John  Conly, 
sentenced  by  jury  for  life  upon  purely  circumstantial 
evidence;  the  murderers  of  Officer  Adam  Frier — Mortel 
and  McGrath — sentenced  to  Joliet  for  life,  afterwards 
given  a  new  trial  and  acquitted;  John  Dennison,  mur- 
derer of  John  Dillon,  while  attempting  burglary; 
Meckie  Rauson,  for  shooting  Lawyer  Whitney;  Math- 


WILLIAM    S.     ELLIOTT, 


ies  Bush,  for  the  most  brutal  murder  of  his  wife,  pen- 
alty life  imprisonment;  Augest  Helzke,  who  whipped 
his  son  to  death  with  a  strap,  sentence  life  impris- 
onment, which  was  commuted  from  the  death  pen- 
alty which  had  been  imposed  by  the  jury;  Anarchist 
Hronek,  charged  with  conspiracy  to  assassinate 
Judges  Gary  and  Grinnell  with  dynamite  or  knife, 
twelve  years  in  Joliet;  Edward  A.  Trask,  who  had  for 
years  defied  the  law  by  countless  crimes,  was  sen- 
tenced to  eighteen  years  in  Joliet,  where  he  has  since 
died;  James  Briscoe,  convicted  of  murderous  assault 
on  Edwin  Walker,  thirty  years  in  penitentiary;  John 
Redmond,  the  father  of  the  abducted  Annie  Red- 
mond, who,  through  jealousy,  killed  Dr.  Wilder,  given 
a  life  sentence  in  prison.  Mr.  Elliott  has  been  one 

of  the  most  sue 
cessful  of  de- 
fenders. In  two 
cases  the  death 
penalty  was  im- 
posed, those  of 
Borvelle  andNic 
Marzen.  A  mo- 
tion is  now 
pending  in  the 
Supreme  Court 
in  the  former 
for  a  new  trial; 
in  the  Marzen 
case  Mr.  Elliott 
has  secured  a 
reprieve  from 
Governor  Alt- 
geld  until  next 
January,  and 
will,  in  that 
time,  have  an 
opportunity  t  o 
present  new  evi- 
dence that  it  is 
hoped  will  clear 
his  client  of  the 
charge.  Mr.  El- 
liott participat- 
ed in  the  effort 
for  a  stay  of 
execution  in  the 
case  of  Pender- 
grast,  who  slew 
Carter  H.  Harri- 
son; and  to  his 
services  must  be 
partly  ascribed 
the  success  of 
those  endeavors 
resulting  in  a 
postponement  of 
the  execution 
pending  a  trial 
of  the  question 
of  the  insanity 
of  Pendergrast, 
which  excited  so 
much  comment 


among  the  legal  fraternity  at  the  time,  many  hav- 
ing contended  that  the  time  for  his  legal  execution 
having  passed  he  was  dead  in  the  eyes  of  the  law  and 
could  not  thereafter  be  executed,  which  Mr.  Elliott 
denied,  being  fully  sustained  in  his  position  by  the 
execution  of  Prendergast  after  the  question  of  his 
sanity  had  been  passed  upon.  At  the  conclusion  of 
Mr.  Elliott's  plea  to  the  court  for  a  stay  of  execution, 
which  was  granted  by  Judge  Chetlain,  Mr.  James  S. 
Harlan,  son  of  Justice  Harlan  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States,  and  whom  Mr.  Elliott  was  as- 
sisting in  securing  the  said  stay  of  execution,  passed 
to  Mr.  Elliott  a  note  containing  the  following  memo- 
randa in  pencil,  of  the  date  of  March  22,  1894,  which 


42 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


Mr.  Elliott  highly  cherishes:  "Abe  Lincoln  never 
made  a  more  powerful  speech  than  the  one  you  have 
just  made.  James  S.  Harlan."  This  speech  was 
made  about  the  hour  of  midnight,  within  a  few  hours 
of  the  moment  set  for  the  execution,  and  after  all 
other  sources  of  relief  had  been  exhausted.  The  con- 
ditions were  highly  tragic  and  dramatic,  and  will 
never  be  forgotten  by  those  who  witnessed  them. 

The  trial  of  Windrath.  the  murderer  of  Corey  B. 
Birch,  on  the  question  of  his  insanity,  subsequently  to 
his  having  been  sentenced  to  death  by  Judge  Horton, 
has  since  more  fully  sustained  the  position  urged  at 
the  time  on  behalf  of  Prendergast. 

He  has  conducted  the  defense  in  thirty-five  murder 
cases  since  leaving  the  State's  Attorney's  office;  of 
them  twenty-two  were  jury  trials,  the  verdict  in  fif- 
teen of  which  was  not  guilty. 

In  social  life  Mr.  Elliott  is  prominent;  and,  besides 
being  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  affiliates 
with  several  societies  and  clubs.  He  was  one  of  the 
early  directors  of  the  Apollo  Musical  Club,  and  as 
such  contributed  greatly  by  his  enterprise  and  energy 
in  establishing  that  organization  upon  the  firm  basis 
upon  which  it  now  rests.  He  is  an  active,  and  has 
been  an  official  member  of  the  Royal  Arcanum,  the 
Royal  League,  the  National  Union  and  the  Ancient 
Order  of  Foresters  of  America,  of  which  latter  order 
he  was  elected  the  first  supreme  chief  ranger  for  tb<? 
United  States.  In  all  church  and  charitable  work  Mr. 
Elliott  is  especially  interested.  He  is  a  member  and 
attendant  of  the  Congregational  Church,  and  enter- 
tains liberal,  yet  evangelical,  views  on  religious  sub- 
jects. 

Politically,  Mr.  Elliott  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and 
has  for  several  years  been  a  power  in  his  party.  In 
political  campaigns  his  well  known  eloquence  has 
brought  his  services  into  requisition,  and  his  voice 
has  been  frequently  heard  on  the  platform  in  every 
ward,  village  and  hamlet  in  Cook  County,  as  well  as 
in  the  general  campaign  field. 

On  October  14,  1871,  Mr.  Elliott  was  married  to  Miss 
Alinda  Caroline  Harris,  of  Janesville,  Wisconsin. 
They  have  six  children:  Lorenzo  Bull,  Daniel  Morse, 
Charles  Sumner,  Emery  Storrs,  Jessie  Florence  and 
Birdie  Leon. 

In  personal  appearance  Mr.  Elliott  is  a  man  of  more 
than  average  size,  being  fully  six  feet  tall  and  weigh- 
ing about  200  pounds.  He  is  well  proportioned  and  of 
a  winning,  yet  commanding,  presence.  One  of  his 
leading  characteristics  in  his  business  affairs  is  his 
habit  of  giving  careful  attention  to  details.  On  his 
social  side,  he  is  exceptionally  genial,  always  com- 
panionable and  deservedly  popular  with  his  friends, 
who  have  never  had  occasion  to  complain  of  his  fidel- 
ity however  trying  the  ordeal. 

JEREMIAH  LEAMING. 

Jeremiah  Learning  was  born  at  Cape  May,  New  Jer- 
sey, January  20,  1831,  the  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Abigail 
(Falkenburg)  Learning.  A  representative  of  the 
Learning  family  landed  in  New  England  in  1650  and 
settled  in  Connecticut.  In  1690  Mr.  Aaron  Learning 
settled  in  Cape  May  County,  New  Jersey;  and  it  was 
from  here  that  the  subject  of  our  sketch  comes.  His 
early  education  was  obtained  at  private  schools.  At 
fourteen  years  of  age  he  was  sent  to  a  boarding  school 
at  West  Chester.  Pennsylvania;  then  he  attended 
school  at  Mount  Hollay  and  Bordentown,  New  Jersey, 
and  finally  entered  Princeton  College,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1853.  He  then  studied  law  at  Borden- 
town, and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856.  The  same 
year  he  married  Miss  Harriet  Scovel,  the  daughter  of 
Rev.  Alden  Scovel,  of  Bordentown,  and  removed  to 
Bloomington,  Illinois,  where  he  entered  upon  the  prac- 
tice of  the  law.  Here  he  formed  the  personal  ac- 
quaintance of  Mr.  Lincoln  and  practiced  in  the  court 
of  Judge  David  Davis.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war,  Mr.  Learning  was  offered  the  command  of  a 
regiment,  but  circumstances  were  such  as  to  preclude 
his  accepting. 


In  January,  1867,  Mr.  Learning  removed  to  Chicago 
and  entered  upon  a  new  field  of  legal  practice.     For 


JEREMIAH  LEAMINQ. 

several  years  he  has  been  Master  in  Chancery  of  the 
Circuit  Court  of  Cook  County,  and  enjoys  to  a  very 
great  degree  the  confidence  of  both  bench  and  bar. 

CLARENCE  A.  KNIGHT. 

Clarence  A.  Knight  was  born  in  McHenry  County, 
Illinois,  October  28,  1853.     At  an  early  age  he  was 


CLARENCE  A.  KNIGHT. 

deprived,  by  death,  of  the  guiding  hand  of  a  father, 
who  was  killed  in  battle  in  the  Union  army  during  the 
White  River  expedition.  Young  Clarence  fitted  him- 
self, at  the  Englewood  Normal  School,  to  teach;  and. 
in  that  way,  maintained  himself  while  taking  his 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES. 


43 


law  course.  He  studied  for  two  years  with  Spafford, 
McDaid  and  Wilson,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
by  the  Supreme  Court  at  Ottawa  in  September,  1874. 
He  then  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  McDaid,  one 
of  his  old  instructors,  under  the  name  of  McDaid  & 
Knight.  He  was  appointed,  in  1879,  Assistant  City 
Attorney  under  Julius  S.  Grinnell,  whom  he  suc- 
ceeded as  City  Attorney  in  1884;  and  in  1888  he  was 
appointed  Assistant  Corporation  Counsel  by  Mayor 
Roche.  This  position  he  held  until  1889,  when  he 
resigned  to  engage  in  private  practice.  During  his 
ten  years'  connection  with  the  city  law  department, 
Mr.  Knight,  more  than  any  one  else,  shaped  the  course 
of  legislation  relative  to  the  city  of  Chicago.  To  him 
is  credited  the  acts  under  which  the  various  annexa- 
tions have  been  made  to  the  city,  and  also  the  shap- 
ing of  most  of  the  important  franchises  which  were 
granted  during  his  time. 

Upon  his  retirement  from  public  life  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  Mr.  Paul  Brown,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Knight  &  Brown.  The  practice  of  the  firm 
runs  largely  to  corporation,  municipal  and  insurance 
law.  It  represents  the  interests  of  many  of  the  great 
corporations  of  the  city. 

Mr.  Knight  is  a  Mason,  a  Knight  Templar  of 
Chevalier  Bayard  Commandery;  a  member  of  the 
Royal  League,  Independent  Order  of  Forresters,  the 
Iroquois  and  the  Athletic  Clubs. 

FRANK  ORREN  LOWDEN. 

Frank  O.  Lowden  was  born  at  Sunrise  City,  Minn., 
January  26,  1861.  He  is  of  Scotch  lineage  which 
runs  back  to  a  time  prior  to  the  British  war  of  1812. 
His  parents  removed  to  Iowa  in  1868,  where  young 
Frank  worked  on  his  father's  farm  in  the  summer 
and  attended  the  public  schools  in  the  winter.  At 
fifteen  he  began  teaching  in  Hardin  County,  thus 


FRANK  O.  LOWDEN. 

earning  the  money  to  defray  the  expense  of  his  school- 
ing. He  entered  college  at  the  Iowa  State  University 
in  September,  1881,  taking  the  classical  course.  He 
graduated  in  June,  1885,  being  valedictorian  of  his 
class.  He  then  resumed  teaching  at  the  Burlington, 
Iowa,  High  School,  studying  law  during;  leisure  hours. 
In  18S6  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Dexter,  Herrick 
&  Allen  of  Chicago,  at  the  head  of  which  stood  the 
Hon.  Wirt  Dexter.  He  also  took  a  course  at  the 


Union  College  of  Law,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1887,  as  valedictorian  of  his  class.  He  received  first 
prize  for  his  oration  and  first  prize  for  scholarship. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  the  same  year  after  ex- 
amination before  the  Appellate  Court,  standing  at 
the  head  of  his  class.  In  1890  he  became  a  partner  of 
Mr.  E.  S.  Walker,  which  continued  for  two  years. 
Mr.  Lowden  is  now  in  practice  by  himself. 

Mr.  Lowden  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  a  lib- 
eral in  religion,  having  been  a  close  friend  of  the 
late  Prof.  David  Swing.  He  is  a  member  and  direc- 
tor of  the  Calumet  Club;  member  of  two  college  fra- 
ternities; member  of  the  Union  League;  Chicago, 
Washington  Park,  Sunset  and  the  Law  Clubs  and  of 
the  Chicago  Bar  Association. 

JAMES  R.  MANN. 

James  R.  Mann  was  born  near  Bloomington,  Illi- 
nois, October  20,  1856,  from  whence  his  father  moved 
to  Iroquois  County  in  1867.  He  was  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Illinois  in  1876,  at  the  head  of  his  class. 


JAMES  R.  MANN. 

In  1879  he  entered  the  Union  College  of  Law  in  Chi- 
cago; won  all  the  prizes  for  scholarships  in  both  jun- 
ior and  senior  years;  the  Horton  prize  of  $100  for 
best  written  thesis,  besides  being  the  valedictorian  of 
his  class.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1881,  since 
which  he  has  been  in  the  active  practice  in  Chicago. 
Mr.  Mann  has  served  on  the  School  Board  of  Hyde 
Park,  and  attorney  for  the  village  prior  to  its  an- 
nexation to  Chicago.  Subsequently  he  was  elected  in 
1892  Alderman  from  the  Thirty-second  Ward  to  the 
Chicago  City  Council,  and  re-elected  in  1894.  He 
was  a  leading  member  of  the  City  Council;  and,  for 
three  years,  was  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Commit- 
tee. To  his  efforts  are  due  the  drainage  of  the  swampy 
district  south  of  Jackson  Park  by  a  low  level  sewer 
system  and  pumping  works;  the  creation  of  the  Bu- 
reau for  Street  and  Alley  Cleaning;  regulations  for 
the  inspection  of  milk;  requiring  corporations  to 
make  deposits  of  money  to  secure  the  proper  replace- 
ment of  streets  torn  up  by  them;  the  extension  of  the 
water  pipe  system  by  special  assessment;  the  use 
of  vitrified  brick  for  street  pavement,  and  many  others 
of  equal  importance.  In  the  Council,  Mr.  Mann  has 
been  the  leader  of  the  honest  minority  as  against  the 
boodle  gang,  and  was  a  hard  and  resourceful  fighter. 
In  1894  he  was  temporary  chairman  of  the  Republi- 


44 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


can  Convention,  and  made  an  opening  speech  which 
placed  him  in  the  front  rank  of  political  speakers, 
'l  he  Chicago  Tribune  editorially  demanded  that  the 
State  Central  Committee  should  compel  Mr.  Mann  to 
stump  the  State,  which  he  did  in  the  1894  campaign, 
in  a  manner  which  added  to  his  fame.  In  1895,  he 
led  a  revolt  against  the  party  leadership  assumed  by 
Mayor  Swift  in  Chicago  and  was  sustained  by  his 
party  in  the  most  hotly  contested  primary  campaign 
ever  known;  and  as  a  result  he  was  elected  Chair- 
man of  the  Cook  County  Republican  Convention.  In 
the  spring  of  1896  Mr.  Mann  was  nominated  as  candi- 
date for  Congress  from  the  First  District  of  Illinois, 
one  of  the  strongest  Republican  districts  in  the  coun- 
try. He  is  noted  as  a  keen  thinker,  forceful  speaker 
and  graceful  writer,  commanding  attention  in  the 
court  room  or  on  the  stump. 

Mr.  Mann  was  for  several  years  a  Master  in  Chan- 
cery of  the  Superior  Court  of  Cook  County,  but  re- 
signed on  account  of  his  increased  law  practice.  He 
is  attorney  of  the  South  Park  Commissioners,  in  Chi- 
cago; and  is  the  head  of  the  firm  of  Mann,  Hayes  & 
Miller,  real  estate  and  chancery  lawyers. 

He  was  married  in  1882  to  Emma  Columbia,  of 
Champaign,  and  has  one  son.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Chicago  Bar  Association,  Chicago  Law  and  Art  Insti- 
tutes, the  Union  League,  Hamilton.  Oakland,  Lakota, 
Hyde  Park,  12:45,  Unity  and  a  number  of  other  clubs. 

HON.  HARVEY  B.   KURD. 

Harvey  B.  Hurd  was  born  February  14,  1828,  at 
Huntington,  Fairfield  County,  Connecticut.  He  lived 
and  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  he  was  four- 
teen years  of  age,  when  he  entered  the  office  of  the 
Bridgeport  Standard,  to  learn  to  be  a  printer.  Two 
years  later,  in  1844,  he  went  to  New  York  and  worked 
for  a  time  with  Gould  &  Banks,  law  publishers. 


HARVEY  D.  HURD. 

While  here  he  "set  up"  Daniel  Webster's  brief  in  the 
famous  Girard  case.  In  the  fall  of  1844  he  returned 
to  Bridgeport,  and  from  there  set  out  with  ten  other 
young  men  to  attend  Jubilee  College,  at  Peoria,  111. 
From  there  he  removed  to  Chicago,  in  1846.  His  first 
regular  employment  was  on  the  Evening  Journal,  and 
afterward  on  the  Prairie  Farmer.  He  began  the  study 
of  the  law  with  Calvin  De  Wolf,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1848.  While  his  profession  has  been  the 
law  and  his  thought  has  been  in  that  direction,  for- 


tunate investments  in  real  estate  have  given  him  an 
easy  competence.  He  was  an  anti-slavery  agitator, 
a  member  of  the  Buffalo  Convention  of  1856,  and  of 
the  committee  that  formed  the  plan  of  organization 
there  adopted,  which  resulted  in  making  Kansas  a 
free  State.  In  1869  Mr.  Hurd  served  as  one  of  the 
commissioners  to  revise  the  statutes  of  the  State,  and 
before  it  was  finished  the  whole  work  devolved  upon 
him,  which  he  finished  in  April,  1874.  He  was  then  ap- 
pointed to  edit  the  edition  of  1884.  In  1862  he 
was  elected  to  the  chair  of  the  Union  College  of  Law, 
as  professor  of  pleadings,  practice  and  common  and 
statutory  law,  which  he  still  holds.  Since  that  time 
he  has  taken  great  interest  in  all  public  matters.  To 
him  is  credited  the  origin  of  the  movement  for  the 
establishment  of  the  sanitary  district  of  Chicago  and 
in  the  adoption  of  the  Torrens  system  of  land  titles. 
Mr.  Hurd  was  married  in  May,  1853,  to  Cornelia  A. 
Hilliard,  daughter  of  James  H.  Hilliard,  of  Middle- 
town,  Connecticut.  In  November,  1860,  he  was  mar- 
ried again,  to  Sarah  G.,  the  widow  of  George  Collins, 
of  Chicago.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hurd  have  two  living  chil- 
dren: Eda  I.,  the  wife  of  George  S.  Lord,  and  Nellie, 
the  wife  of  John  Comstock. 


WILLIAM  EARNEST  MASON. 

William  E.  Mason  is  one  of  Chicago's  most  es- 
teemed and  foremost  lawyers  and  politicians.  He  is 
a  stalwart  Republican,  but  has  friends  among  all 
parties  and  classes.  He  was  born  in  Franklinville, 
New  York,  July  7,  1850.  The  family  removed  to  Ben- 
tonsport,  Iowa,  in  1865,  since  which  time  William  has 
been  practically  thrown  upon  his  own  resources.  By 
alternating  periods  of  teaching  with  study  he  was 
enabled  to  make  his  way  through  school  and  support 
himself  until  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1871. 
Since  that  time  he  has  been  an  active  factor  in  pol- 
itics as  well  as  at  the  bar.  He  has  served  one  term 
in  the  Lower  House  and  one  in  the  Upper  House  of 
the  State  Legislature  of  Illinois,  and  two  terms  as 
a  member  of  Congress.  In  1894  he  entered  the  can- 
vass for  the  United  States  Senate  and  made  a  tour 
of  most  of  the  counties  of  the  State,  giving  his  entire 
time  to  the  Republican  State  committee,  much  of  the 
time  speaking  in  two  counties  a  day.  Out  of  nearly 
300  Republican  papers  in  the  State  there  is  not  one 
which  has  not  commended  the  splendid  work  done 
by  Mr.  Mason,  even  where  they  were  opposed  to  his 
candidacy.  He  attacked  no  other  candidate  nor  an- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES. 


tagonized  any  other  interest,  but  kept  steadily  to  his 
own  work.  While  he  did  not  win  the  last  time,  he  is 
still  in  the  field,  and  he  will  be  a  good  one  who 
snatches  the  prize  from  him  in  1897. 

HENRY  STANTON  MONROE. 

Henry  Stanton  Monroe,  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Chicago  bar,  was  born  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  February  9, 
1829.  He  graduated  at  Geneva  College,  New  York, 
in  1850,  valedictorian  of  his  class.  He  then  began  the 
study  of  the  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853, 
beginning  practice  in  Chicago  in  1855.  Mr.  Monroe's 
practice  has  been  general  and  extended.  He  has  con- 
ducted some  of  the  most  celebrated  cases  that  have 
ever  come  befcre  the  Illinois  courts.  Among  them 
have  been  the  Tilden  and  Myers  case  vs.  the  Chicago 
and  Alton  Railroad  Company,  and  the  Sturgess  case 
vs.  the  Farwells  and  Taylor.  He  has  handled  many 
other  celebrated  cases  in  other  States,  notably,  the 
Dixon  Township  case,  tried  in  New  Hampshire;  the 


HENRY  S.  MONROE. 

Emma  Mine  case,  tried  in    Utah;  and     the    Michael 
Reese  case,  tried  in  California. 

Mr.  Monroe  has  always  been  a  great  lover  of  liter- 
ature. At  the  great  Chicago  fire  he  lost  one  of  the  finest 
private  libraries  in  the  city,  over  4,000  volumes  of 
which  were  on  law.  He  is  an  enthusiastic  sportsman, 
especially  with  rod  and  gun.  He  was  married  in  1856 
to  Miss  Mattie  Mitchell  of  Akron,  Ohio.  They  ha/e 
one  son  and  three  daughters.  His  daughters  es- 
pecially have  made  good  records  in  literary  circles 
and  his  son  ranks  high  in  his  profession. 

ELIJAH  B.  SHERMAN,  LL.  D. 

Elijah  B.  Sherman  was  born  at  Fairfield,  Vermont, 
June  18,  1832.  His  first  twenty-one  years  were  spent 
on  the  farm,  during  which  time  he  acquired  a  fair 
common  school  education  which  enabled  him  to  be- 
gin teaching  at  nineteen.  At  twenty-one  he  went  to 
Brandon  and  took  a  position  as  clerk  in  a  drug  store 
to  earn  the  money  which  would  enable  him  to  enter 
college.  He  entered  Middlebury  College  in  1856  and 
sustained  himself  by  teaching.  He  graduated  in  1860. 
and  in  1861  became  principal  of  the  Brandon  Sem- 
inary. In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  C.  9th  Ver- 
mont Infantry,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenanr. 
His  regiment  was  made  prisoners  at  Harper's  Ferry, 
where  it  was  paroled  and  sent  to  Camp  Douglas,  Chi- 


cago. There  he  resigned  and  entered  the  Law  De- 
partment of  the  University  of  Chicago,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1864.  He  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis- 
lature in  1876,  serving  as  chairman  of  the  committee  in 
Judicial  Department,  and  was  re-elected  in  1878.  Mr. 
Sherman  has  filled  many  important  official  positions, 
having  been  master  in  chancery  of  the  Circuit  Court 


ELIJAH  B.  SHERMAN. 

of  the  United  States  since  1879.  He  was  also  Chief 
Supervisor  of  Elections  for  the  Northern  District  of 
Illinois  from  1884  to  1892.  He  is  an  Odd  Fellow,  a 
Mason,  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army,  of  the  Veteran 
Club  and  of  the  Loyal  Legion.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Illinois  Bar  Association,  and  its  pres- 
ident in  1882-83;  has  been  president  of  the  Illinois 
Association  of  the  Sons  of  Vermont,  and  is  a  mem- 
ber of  many  prominent  clubs  and  societies.  He  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  his  alma  mater  in 
1884.  Mr.  Sherman  is  a  Republican  in  politics  and 
has  been  identified  with  the  history  of  the  party  since 
its  organization. 

ROSENTHAL,  KURZ  &  HIRSCHL. 

This  is  one  of  the  foremost  law  firms  in  Chicago.  It 
is  composed  of  Mr.  James  Rosenthal,  Adolph  Kurz  and 
Andrew  J.  Hirschl. 

James  Rosenthal  is  a  native  of  Chicago.  He  was 
educated  in  the  Chicago  public  schools,  Chicago  High 
School  and  Lake  Forest,  and  graduated  at  Yale  College 
Law  School  in  1880.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
July,  1880,  and,  for  a  time,  practiced  in  his  father's 
firm,  Rosenthal  &  Pence,  where  he  gained  a  large 
experience  in  probate  and  real  estate  law.  The  pres- 
ent firm  was  organized  July,  1894.  Mr.  Rosenthal  has 
always  taken  an  active  interest  in  educational  mat- 
ters, and  in  1891  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Education  for  Chicago,  serving  for  three 
years.  He  has  proved  himself  one  of  the  most  useful 
members  as  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  and 
as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  buildings  and 
grounds.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Young 
Men's  Hebrew  Charity  Association  and  its  first  secre- 
tary. He  is  a  staunch  Republican  and  active  in  the 
councils  of  his  party,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Hamilton 
and  Woodlawn  Park  Clubs.  Chicago  Bar  Association. 
Illinois  State  Bar  Association,  and  Commercial  Law 
League  of  America. 

Adolph  Kurz,  the    second    member  of    the    firm  of 


46 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


Rosenthal,  Kurz  &  Hirschl,  was  born  in  Germany, 
January  11,  1868.  He  removed,  with  his  widowed 
mother,  to  this  country  in  1882  and  settled  in  Chicago. 
His  first  care  was  to  acquire  a  thorough  education. 


.TAMES  ROSENTHAL. 

and  in  1889  he  graduated  from  the  Chicago  College 
of  Law  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
Until  then  he  had  supported  himself,  while  prosecuting 
his  studies,  as  manager  of  the  city  collecting  depart- 
ment of  a  large  commercial  law  firm,  to  which  he  rose 
step  by  step  from  errand  boy.  Acquiring  a  love  for 


ADOLPH  KURZ. 

his  work,  he  determined  to  make  commercial  law  his 
specialty.  He  numbers  among  his  clients  such  houses 
as  Hibbard,  Spencer,  Bartlett  &  Co..  Cribben,  Sexton 
&  Co..  and  other  firms  of  like  standing.  He  is  a  rec- 
ognized expert  in  commercial  law.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Standard  Club,  the  Chicago  Bar  Association  and 
Chicago  Law  Institute. 


Andrew  J.  Hirschl,  member  of  Rosenthal,  Kurz  & 
Hirschl,  was  born  April  30,  1853,  at  Davenport,  Iowa. 
Mr.  Hirschl  was  educated  at  Griswold  College,  Daven- 
port, and  at  Amherst,  Mass.  He  then  took  a  course 
in  the  law  department  of  the  Iowa  State  University, 
at  Iowa  City.  He  began  practice  at  Davenport,  but, 
in  July,  1891,  removed  to  Chicago,  mainly  to  be  near 
the  University  of  Chicago,  where  he  desired  his  chil- 
dren to  be  educated. 

Mr.  Hirschl  has  had  a  wide  experience  in  theoretical 
law,  as  well  as  a  large  scope  of  practice  in  the  trial  of 
cases.  He  was  for  a  time  a  lecturer  on  the  Law  of 
Torts  at  the  State  University  law  department,  Iowa 
City,  in  1888,  and  declined  a  permanent  appointment, 
finding  it  interfered  too  much  with  his  practice. 

Mr.  Hirschl  has  been  identified  with  a  number  of 
important  cases  in  the  Appellate  and  Supreme  Courts. 
Among  the  more  important  Supreme  Court  cases  are 
the  Kean  assignment  case,  reversing  the  settled  prac- 
tice of  the  Circuit  and  Appellate  Courts;  the  Wrixon 
case,  establishing  the  liability  of  street  car  companies 
for  not  having  fenders  on  wheels;  the  Great  Western 


ANDREW.  J.  HIRSCHL. 

Telegraph  Company  vs.  Lowenthal,  relating  to  liabil- 
ity of  stockholders;  People  ex  rel.  Ahrens  vs.  English, 
establishing  the  right  of  women  to  vote  at  school 
elections  (except  for  county  or  state  superintendent); 
People  vs.  McConnell,  mandamus  establishing  the  duty 
of  judge  to  hear  and  determine  a  motion  for  new 
trial  left  undecided  by  a  deceased  judge. 

Mr.  Hirschl  is  a  Mason;  member  of  the  A.  0.  U.  W.; 
of  the  "Turn-Verin"  since  1857;  is  now  a  member  of 
the  Chicago  Bar  Association,  Chicago  Law  Institute, 
Medico-Legal  Club,  Hamilton  Club,  Woodlawn  Park 
Club,  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon  Fraternity,  and  always  a 
Republican. 

He  was  married  September  27,  1876,  to  Charlotte 
Schreiner,  a  native  of  Prussia. 

WILLIAM  H.  TATGE. 

William  H.  Tatge  was  born  at  Crete,  Illinois,  No- 
vember 9,  1860,  of  German  parentage.  His  family 
came  to  this  country  in  the  fall  of  1848.  Early  in  life 
he  imbibed  a  love  for  the  law  through  working  in 
his  father's  office  while  he  was  Clerk  of  the  Circuit 
Court  of  Will  County,  at  Joliet.  He  received  a  thor- 
ough training  in  the  parochial  schools  of  the  Luth- 
eran Church,  and  graduated  at  Concordia  College,  at 
Fort  Wayne,  Indiana.  To  gratify  his  parents  he  en- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


47 


tered  the  Lutheran  Theological  Seminary  at  St.  Louis, 
but  his  taste  for  the  law  led  to  its  abandonment  one 
year  later,  when  he  began  to  study  with  Hill  &  Dibell 
(now  Judge  Dibell)  of  Joliet.  After  a  course  of  pre- 
liminary reading  he  entered  Union  College  of  Law,  at 
Chicago,  from  which  he  graduated  in  June,  1883,  hav- 
ing previously  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  after  exam- 
ination, by  the  Appellate  Court,  in  March,  1883. 

Having  imbibed  a  love  for  politics  along  with  that 
of  the  law,  he  has  always  taken  an  active  part,  so 
that,  it  is  not  surprising  that  he  was  admitted  to  the 
counsels  of  the  Lutheran  Church  when  its  interests 
were  attacked  by  the  compulsory  school  law  of  1890. 
Mr.  Tatge  was  engaged  to  defend  all  the  cases  brought 
against  parents  in  the  State  for  sending  their  chil- 
dren to  the  parochial  schools.  In  this  he  was  emi- 
nently successful. 

After  Mr.  Swift  was  elected  as  Mayor  of  Chicago 
he  appointed  Mr.  Tatge  as  City  Prosecuting  Attorney, 
which  office  he  has  filled  with  credit  to  himself  and 
satisfaction  to  his  superiors.  Mr.  Tatge's  practice  Is 
a  general  one.  By  hard  work  and  conscientious  effort 
he  has  become  a  successful  practitioner. 


WILLIAM  H.  TATGE. 

Mr.  Tatge  was  married  May  6,  1885,  to  Miss  Nellie 
Mallen,  and  resides  with  his  wife  and  four  boys  in 
Englewood. 

LORIN  CONE  COLLINS,  JR. 

Lorin  Cone  Collins,  Jr.,  was  born  at  Windsor,  Con- 
necticut, August  1,  1848.  As  a  boy  he  attended  the 
common  schools  of  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  to  which  city 
his  parents  had  removed  in  1853.  When  nineteen 
years  of  age  he  went  to  Delaware,  Ohio,  and  passed 
through  a  two  years'  course  of  training  for  college. 
He  entered  the  Northwestern  University,  at  Evanston, 
in  1868,  graduating  in  1872.  On  leaving  college  he 
entered  the  law  office  of  Clarkson  and  Van  Schaak, 
in  Chicago,  and  began  the  study  of  law.  Admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1874,  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  until  1878,  when  he  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature.  He  was  twice  re-elected  and  in  his  last 
term  became  Speaker  of  the  House.  During  his  ser- 
vice he  was  identified  with  many  popular  measures. 

In  1884  Mr.  Collins  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Cir- 
cuit Court  of  Cook  County  by  Governor  Hamilton  to 
fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Judge 
Barnum.  In  the  following  June  he  was  elected  for 
the  term  of  six  years.  In  1891  he  was  again  elect- 


LORIN  C.  COLLINS,  JR. 


ed,  and  served  until  October,  1893,  when  he  resigned 
and  again  entered  on  the  practice  of  law. 

JOHN  R.  PARKER. 

John  R.  Parker  has  been  actively  engaged  in  Chi- 
cago legal  affairs  since  his  admission  to  the  bar  by 
the  Supreme  Court  at  Mount  Vernon  in  1875.  He 
has  won  a  great  reputation  and  acquired  a  large  prac- 
tice by  his  ability  and  straightforwardness.  Mr.  Par- 
ker is  a  man  of  broad  sympathies.  He  is  actively  in- 
terested in  politics  and  always  takes  a  prominent  part 
in  all  campaigns  as  a  Republican.  He  is  one  of  the 


JOHN  R.  PARKER. 


most  effective  speakers  that  the  State  Republican 
campaign  committee  has  at  its  disposal.  He  is  a 
resident  and  large  property  owner  in  the  Twelfth 
ward,  and  is  deeply  interested  in  its  material  and 
political  welfare.  He  is  ever  a  foremost  worker  for 
any  movement  tending  toward  the  city's  improvement. 
Mr.  Parker  is  interested  in  literary  and  educational 
matters  and  is  a  graduate  of  Hillsdale  College. 


48 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


KICKHAM  SCANLAN. 

Kickham  Scanlan  has  already  acquired  a  fame  in 
his  profession  far  beyond  his  years.  While  only  thir- 
ty-one years  of  age,  he  has  been  engaged  in  more  of 
the  celebrated  criminal  law  cases  in  Chicago  and  the 
West  than  almost  any  other  lawyer  of  twice  his  years. 
He  was  born  in  Chicago,  October  23,  1864.  His  father, 
Michael  Scanlan,  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  is  well  known 
as  a  writer  and  composer  of  music.  During  Kickham's 
childhood  he  accompanied  his  parents  to  Washington, 
where  he  attended  the  public  and  high  schools  of  the 
Capital  City.  He  afterward  entered  the  University  of 
Notre  Dame,  at  South  Bend,  Indiana,  where  he  took 
a  three-year  course,  which  he  followed  with  a  special 
course  under  a 
private  tutor. 
Returning  t  o 
Chicago  he  en- 
tered the  office 
of  Colonel  W.  P. 
Rend,  the  well- 
known  coal 
dealer  and  ope- 
rator, where  he 
served  for  four 
years,  during 
which  timeheac- 
quired  habits  of 
business  and  a 
knowledge  of  af- 
fairs which  has 
been  of  the 
greatest  service 
in  his  subse- 
quent career. 
His  tastes,  tal- 
ents and  inclin- 
ation, however, 
were  all  toward 
the  law  as  his 
p  r  o  f  e  s  sion  in 
life.  In  1886  he 
entered  the  law 
office  of  Luther 
Laflin  Mills  and 
George  C.  Ing- 
ham,  at  the  same 
time  taking  a 
course  at  the 
Chicago  College 
of  Law,  gradu- 
ating in  its  first 
class.  Following 
close  in  the  foot- 
steps of  his  em- 
inent preceptor, 
Mr.  Mills,  Mr. 
Scanlan  soon  be- 
came famous  in 
the  handling  of 
criminal  3ases. 
H  e  remained 
with  the  firm  of 
Mills  &  Ingham 


KICKHAM  SCANLAN. 


jury,  seldom  failing  to  result  in  victory.  Mr.  Scanlan 
was  special  counsel  for  the  State  in  the  Graham-Hank 
bribery  case  in  Chicago,  which  prosecution  resulted  in 
the  first  conviction  for  jury  bribery  in  the  West.  His 
connection  with  the  two  Cronin  cases  is  well  known 
throughout  the  country.  His  keen  logic,  his  brilliant 
eloquence,  and  withal  his  masterly  argument,  carried 
conviction  and  made  him  widely  known.  In  the  sec- 
ond trial  he  made  the  opening  speech  for  the  prosecu- 
tion, which  extended  over  three  days.  His  analysis 
and  presentation  of  the  case  was  acknowledged  by  all 
who  heard  it  as  one  of  the  most  masterly  and  con- 
vincing in  the  history  of  the  Chicago  bar.  That  the 
prosecution  won  its  case  is  the  general  verdict  of  the 
public,  but  influences  were  at  work  below  the  surface 

which  gave  the 
verdict  of  the 
jury  to  the  other 
side. 

In  1893  Mr. 
Scanlan  opened 
an  office  in  the 
Ashland  block, 
where  he  has 
met  with  al- 
m  o  s  t  uninter- 
rupted success. 
One  of  the  most 
peculiar  cases  in 
the  history  of 
Chicago  juris- 
prudence was 
that  of  Edwin 
Kohn,  who  con- 
fessed to  taking 
a  decoy  letter 
from  the  mail. 
Mr.  Scanlan  de- 
fended.  He 
raised  the  point 
that  the  decoy 
letter  was  not 
such  an  one  as 
was  contemplat- 
ed by  the  United 
States  statutes 
under  which 
Kohn  was  In- 
dicted. Judge 
G  r  o  s  c  u  p  sus- 
tained the  point 
and  discharged 
the  prisoner. 

Mr.  Scanlan 
was  married  in 
1890  to  Miss  Sa- 
die C  o  n  w  ay, 
daughter  of 
Michael  W.  Con- 
way,  Fire  In- 
spector of  Chi- 
cago. She  is  a 
woman  of  rare 
attainments  and 


for  seven  years,  during  which  he 
assisted  in  the  trial  of  all  of  the  important  cases  with 
which  it  was  connected,  including  the  McGarigle  case, 
the  first  trial  of  the  Cronin  case,  the  Ohio  tally-sheet 
fraud  case  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  1888.  where  he  was 
associated  with  Mr.  Mills  and  Allen  G.  Thurman  for 
the  prosecution,  the  Millington  poisoning  case  at  Den- 
ver in  1891,  and  many  others.  His  careful,  pains- 
taking industry  and  conspicuous  ability  soon  made 
his  services  sought  for;  and  he  has,  for  years,  been 
repeatedly  called  upon  to  assist  the  State's  Attorney 
of  Cook  County  in  the  prosecution  of  difficult  crim- 
inal cases.  In  argument  he  is  logical  and  eloquent, 
and  his  words  always  carry  weight  with  judge  and 


has  proved  a  helpmeet  indeed,  Two  daughters  have 
been  born  to  them.  Their  home  is  pleasantly  located 
at  No.  85  Ewing  Place,  where  literature,  music  and 
art  add  their  charms  to  the  other  attractions,  and 
give  evidence  of  the  refined  and  cultured  home. 

Mr.  Scanlan  is  an  active  Republican,  and  exerts  a 
powerful  influence  in  the  destinies  of  his  party. 

WILLIAM  VOCKE. 

An  example  of  the  self-made  American  citizen,  and 
an  exemplification  of  what  an  ambitious  foreigner  can 
do  in  this  country  is  shown  in  the  case  of  William 
Vocke. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


49 


Mr.  Vocke  came  here  trorn  the  historic  Minden,  in 
Westphalia,  when  seventeen  years  of  age.  This  was 
in  1856.  His  father  was  a  government  secretary  in 
the  Prussian  service,  and  after  his  death  the  son,  be- 
lieving that  the  United  States  offered  him  a  future  not 
to  be  found  in  his  own  country,  emigrated  hither.  He 
stopped  in  New  York  for  a  short  time,  and  then  came 
to  Chicago.  He  was  for  a  time  employed  by  the 
"Staats  Zeitung,"  in  the  meantime  studying  law. 

In  1860,  he  entered  the  employ  of  Ogden,  Fleetwood 
&  Co.,  a  real  estate  firm  of  Chicago.  On  the  day  that 
the  war  broke  out  he  enlisted.  His  company  was  soon 
merged  into  the  Twenty-fourth  Illinois  Volunteer  In- 
fantry. After  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service 
he  was  mustered  out  as  captain  of  Company  D,  of  the 
Twenty-fourth  Illinois. 


WILLIAM  VOCKE. 

When  Captain  Vocke  returned  to  Chicago,  he  again 
entered  the  service  of  the  "Staats  Zeitung;"  this  time 
as  its  city  editor.  For  nearly  a  year  he  held  this  re- 
sponsible chair.  From  April,  1865,  to  November,  1869, 
he  was  the  clerk  of  the  police  court  of  this  city.  He- 
resumed  the  study  of  the  law  in  the  meantime,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Legislature 
in  1870.  Captain  Vocke  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Chicago  Board  of  Education  from  1877  to  1880.  For 
nearly  twenty  years  past  he  has  been  attorney  for 
the  Imperial  German  Consulate  at  this  point. 

In  1867  he  was  joined  in  matrimony  to  Elise  Wahl,  a 
charming  woman,  and  they  have  a  family  of  six  chil- 
dren— four  daughters  and  two  sons. 

JOHN  CHAUNCEY  TRAINOR. 

John  Chauncey  Trainor  was  born  at  Watertown,  N. 
Y.,  in  1858,  where  he  received  his  early  education. 
He  began  the  study  of  law  in  his  native  town  in  the 
law  office  of  Hannibal  Smith.  His  professional  studies 
were  interrupted  by  two  terms  of  school  teaching, 
after  which  he  resumed  them  with  E.  B.  Wynn,  gen- 
eral counsel  for  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Odgensburg 
Railroad  Company.  Mr.  Trainor  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  the  general  term  of  the  Supreme  Court  held 
at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  January  6th,  1882,  at  the  age  of 
twenty-four,  and  a  year  later  came  to  Chicago  to  prac- 
tice his  profession.  He  first  opened  an  office  at  Ken- 
sington, and  after  establishing  a  permanent  practice 
removed  to  the  La  Fayette  Building,  70  La  Salk- 
Street. 


Mr.  Trainor  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  prominent 
and  successful  lawyers  of  Chicago,  having  attained 


JOHN  C.  TRAINOR. 

that  position  by  honesty  and  hard  work.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Republican,  always  active,  unselfish  and  loyal 
to  his  friends. 

CHARLES  S.  THORNTON. 

Among  the  leaders  of  the  bar  of  Chicago  is  Charles 
S.  Thornton.     He  was  born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts, 


CHARLES  S.  THORNTON. 

in  1851,  obtained  his  education  in  that  city  and  at 
Harvard  College.  In  1873  he  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tice in  Illinois  upon  examination  before  the  Supreme 
Court  of  that  State,  and  has  since  been  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  District,  Circuit  and  Supreme  Courts 
of  the  United  States.  He  has  been  counsel  in  many 
leading  cases  in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and 
has  met  with  extraordinary  success. 
In  addition  to  his  law  practice  he  has  at  times  de- 


50 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


voted  some  of  his  attention  to  public  affairs.  For 
three  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Cook  County 
Board  of  Education,  was  afterward  elected  a  member 
of  the  City  Board  of  Education,  where  he  served  for 
three  years  also,  and  in  1895  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  State  Board  of  Education  of  Illinois,  a  position 
which  he  now  holds.  Some  of  the  measures  advocated 
by  him  will  be  of  lasting  benefit  to  the  public  school 
system.  He  is  the  author  of  the  Pension  Bill  for 
teachers,  the  system  of  Truant  Schools,  and  the  Six 
Years'  College  Preparatory  Court  now  in  operation  in 
the  schools  of  Chicago. 

HORATIO    LOOMIS    WAIT. 

Hon.  Horatio  L.  Wait  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
August  8,  1836. 
He  comes  from 
old  colonial 
and  revolution- 
ary stock,  his 
ancestors  s  e  t- 
tling  in  Massa- 
chusetts early 
In  the  seven- 
teenth century. 
His  parents 
were  Joseph  and 
Harriet  Heile- 
man  (Whitney) 
Wait,  natives  of 
Vermont,  but 
who  met  with 
a  considerable 
succcess  in  busi- 
ness in  New 
York. 

Young  Hora- 
tio attended  the 
Trinity  School 
in  New  York, 
and,  at  fourteen, 
entered  Colum- 
bia College 
grammar  school, 
where  'he  pre- 
pared for  col- 
lege. In  1856  he 
came  to  Chicago 
and  entered  the 
employ  of  J. 
Young  S  c  a  m- 
nuin.  At  the 
breaking  out  of 
the  rebellion  he 
forsook  his  law- 
books  and  joined 
Captain  Brad- 
ley's  company 
D,  Sixteenth  Il- 
linois Infantry. 
But  before  that 
was  ready  for 
the  field  Mr. 
Wait  was  offered 


HORATIO  L.  WAIT. 


a  position  as  assistant  paymaster  in  the  navy,  which 
he  accepted.  He  was  commissioned  by  President 
Lincoln  and  ordered  to  report  to  Rear  Admiral  Pauld- 
ing,  at  New  York.  Here  he  was  assigned  to  duty  on 
board  the  U.  S.  steamer  "Pembina,"  with  the  rank  of 
master,  in  the  squadron  under  command  of  Admiral 
Dupont. 

For  a  time  the  "Pembina"  was  on  blockade  duty  off 
Savannah,  where  it  frequently  exchanged  shots  with 
the  rebels  constructing  batteries  to  protect  that 
etronghold,  but  was  later  sent  on  a  cruise  to  the 
West  Indies  in  pursuit  of  the  "Alabama."  In  the  win- 
ter of  1862  it  reported  to  Admiral  Farragut  off  Pen- 


sacola  and  Mobile.  Here  the  "Pembina"  engaged  in 
several  spirited  engagements  with  the  Confederate 
batteries,  captured  two  blockade  runners  and  aided 
in  the  capture  of  others.  When  the  "Pembina"  was 
laid  up  for  repairs  Mr.  Wait  was  transferred  to  the 
"Mary  Sanford,"  transporting  ammunition  to  Charles- 
ton for  the  monitor  fleet.  A  few  months  later  he  was 
ordered  to  report  to  Admiral  Dahlgren  for  duty  on 
the  flagship  "Philadelphia,"  where  he  participaied  in 
the  naval  events  in  conjunction  with  General  Gil- 
more's  attack  upon  and  capture  of  Fort  Sumter.  He 
assisted  in  the  ceremonies  following  the  surrender,  a 
part  of  which  consisted  in  hoisting  the  same  flag  over 
the  fort  by  Major  Anderson  that  he  had  been  com- 
pelled to  lower  in  1861.  After  the  conclusion  of  peace 
Mr.  Wait  was  transferred  to  the  U.  S.  ship  "Ino,"  and 
with  the  Euro- 
pean squadron 
visited  all  the 
ports  o  f  note 
from  Great  Brit- 
a  i  n  to  Italy. 
The  "Ino"  was 
the  first  U.  S. 
naval  vessel  to 
enter  many  of 
these  ports  after 
the  war.  While 
off  Lisbon  Mr. 
Wait  was  pro- 
moted to  full 
paymaster,  with 
the  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant  com- 
mander. He  re- 
turned to  the 
United  States  in 
1867,  and  was 
ordered  to  the 
ship  "New 
H  a  m  p  s  h  ire,'" 
commanded  by 
Rear  Admiral 
Rowan,  at  the 
Norfolk  navy 
yard,  and  in 
1868  was  trans- 
ferred to  the 
Pensacola  navy 
yard  as  i  n- 
spector. 

In  1869  Mr. 
Wait  resigned 
and  returned  to 
Chicago,  where 
he  resumed  the 
study  of  the 
law  in  the  office 
of  Barker  & 
Tuley.  He  was 
admitted  to  the 
bar  August  22, 
1870,  and  formed 
a  partnership 
with  his  senior 
preceptor  under  the  name  of  Barker  &  Wait.  Later 
Ira  W.  Buell  was  admitted  under  the  style  of  Barker, 
Buell  &  Wait.  This  continued  until  Mr.  Wait's  ap- 
pointment as  Master  in  Chancery  of  the  Circuit  Court 
of  Cook  County  in  1876,  a  position  which  he  has  held 
continuously  since  that  time.  Mr.  Wait  is  now  prob- 
ably the  oldest  master  in  chancery  in  the  State.  He 
has  held  it  through  all  the  changes  in  politics  and 
administration,  which,  of  itself,  speaks  volumes  for 
the  wisdom  and  integrity  which  he  brings  to  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties.  His  polished  demeanor,  scholar- 
ly attainments  and  his  intimate  knowledge  of  the  law 
are  the  very  qualities  which  have  made  his  success 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


51 


in  every  station  in  life  which  he  has  been  called  to  fill. 
While  Mr.  Wait  is  a  Republican,  he  is  not  a  partisan. 
He  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  social  move- 
ments, being  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Hyde  Park 
Lyceum,  which  maintained  a  public  library  until 
Hyde  Park  was  annexed  to  the  city.  He  is  a  member 
and  has  served  as  president  of  the  Chicago  Literary 
Club.  In  church  matters,  also,  ha  has  taken  an  active 
part,  being  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  and  formerly  superintendent  of  the  Tyng 
Mission  Sunday  School.  Since  then  he  has  been 
active  in  the  work  of  St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church. 
He  helped  to  organize  the  Charity  Organization  Soci- 
ety, and  helped  in  its  work  until  it  was  merged  into 
the  Relief  and  Aid  Society. 

Mr.  Wait  is  a  member  of  the  Illinois  State  and  the 
Chicago  Bar  Associations,  the  Kenwood  and  the 
Church  Clubs.  He  is  also  identified  with  the  Loyal 
Legion,  the  Farragut  Naval  Association,  and  other 
naval  organizations. 

Mr.  Wait  was  married  May  7,  1860,  to  Miss  Clara 
Conant  Long,  daughter  of  James  Long,  a  prominent 
citizen  and  manufacturer  of  Chicago.  They  have  two 
sons,  James  Joseph  and  Henry  Heilman  Wait. 

FREDERICK  S.  WINSTON. 

Frederick  S.  Winston  was  born  in  Kentucky,  Octo- 
ber 27,  1856.  Almost  the  whole  life  of  the  young  man 
has  been  spent  in  the  Garden  city.  He  was  educated 
at  Yale  College,  which  he  entered  at  sixteen,  but  left 
at  the  beginning  of  the  senior  year.  He  was,  however, 
awarded  his  degree  by  the  faculty  upon  the  record  of 
a  three  years'  course.  He  then  entered  the  Columbia 
College  Law  School  at  New  York,  and  in  1878  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  after  examination  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Illinois.  He  at  once  formed  a  law  partner- 
ship with  his  father  under  the  name  of  F.  H.  &  F.  S. 
Winston  at  Chicago. 


WINSTON. 


In  1881  Mr.  Winston  was  appointed  corporation 
counsel  for  the  city  of  Chicago,  a  position  which  he 
held  for  five  years,  during  which  time  he  success- 
fully conducted  a  large  amount  of  litigation  for  the 
city,  saving  it  thousands  of  dollars.  At  the  end  of  this 
time  he  resigned  to  devote  himself  to  private  practice. 

Since  1886,  Mr.  Winston  has  been  counsel  for  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad  Company.  He  is  also 
counsel  for  a  large  number  of  the  most  important 


corporations  which  center  in  Chicago.  In  fact,  his 
business  has  come  to  be  exclusively  corporation  law. 
In  1886  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  James  F. 
Meagher,  under  the  style  of  Winston  &  Meagher. 

BUSINESS   INTERESTS. 

Old  Chamber  of  Commerce  Building. — This  struc- 
ture, at  the  time  of  its  completion,  was,  with  a  single 
exception,  the  most  pretentious  in  the  city.  It  was 
built  of  cut  Athens  marble,  and  occupied  the  space 
represented  by  a  frontage  of  93  feet  on  Washington 
street,  and  facades  of  180  feet  on  La  Salle  street  and 
Calhoun  place.  It  was  surmounted  by  a  mansard  roof, 
the  total  height  of  the  edifice  above  the  ground  floor 
being  99  feet.  This  building  perished  in  the  fire  of 
October  9th,  1871.  The  present  Chamber  of  Commerce 
building  was  completed  in  1891.  It  is  on  the  corner 
of  La  Salle  and  Washington  streets,  and  is  thirteen 
stories  high.  It  cost  upwards  of  $1,000,000.  The 
building  is  noted  for  its  great  interior  court,  reaching 
from  the  main  floor  to  the  skylight.  Nine  passenger 
and  freight  elevators  are  kept  constantly  in  use. 
This  building  and  the  City  Hall  and  County  Court 
House  form  an  imposing  architectural  sight. 

The  Board  of  Trade  Building. — The  final  abiding 
place  of  the  Board  of  Trade  is  one  of  the  few  struc- 
tures in  the  United  States,  to  which  the  adjective 
"palatial"  may,  without  exaggeration,  be  applied.  It 
is  a  solid-looking  granite  pile,  occupying  half  the 
square  bounded  by  Jackson,  Sherman  and  Van  Buren 
streets,  and  Pacific  aveuue,  its  tower  and  entrance 
portal  standing  exactly  in  front  of  La  Salle  street, 
which  ends  at  Jackson  street.  The  view  down  this 
treet  closed  by  the  Board  of  Trade  reminds  one  very 
forcibly  of  Wall  street,  New  York,  looking  toward 
Old  Trinity  Church. 

The  building  is  in  two  sections,  the  front  one, 
facing  Jackson  street,  being  used  for  trading,  etc., 
and  the  rear  one  devoted  to  offices.  The  total  ground 
occupied  is  175  feet  frontages,  by  265  feet  depth.  Each 
facade  is  finely  finished,  with  handsome  entrances 
and  relieving  projections.  Over  the  main  entrance 
are  two  emblematic  feminine  figures,  representing 
respectively  "Manufacture"  and  "Agriculture." 

The  interior  is  very  handsome,  especially  the  main 
trading  hall,  175x155  feet  and  80  feet  high,  with  its 
glass  ceiling,  70x80  feet,  and  its  elaborate  finish.  In 
this  hall  there  are  two  capacious  galleries,  one  on  the 
north  and  one  on  the  south  side.  To  the  latter  vis- 
itors are  admitted  at  all  times,  while  the  other  is  re- 
served for  members  and  their  friends,  though  even  an 
entire  stranger  accompanied  by  ladies,  should  find  no 
difficulty  in  gaining  admission.  The  cost  of  the 
building  was  about  $1,700,000. 

The  present  membership  of  the  Board  is  2,000,  each 
member  paying  an  annual  assessment  of  $65.  The 
admission  fee  is  $10,000,  though  this  high  rate  is 
chiefly  limitary  in  its  effects,  as  memberships  are 
transferable,  and  command  only  from  $2,500  to  $5,000. 
The  Board  Clearing  House  statement  for  1895  shows 
clearings  of  $78,133,437,  but  there  are  no  means  of 
guessing  at  the  vast  short-time  speculative  transac- 
tions that  occur  under  its  roof.  Trading  is  per- 
mitted in  not  less  than  1,000  bushels  of  grain,  or  250 
barrels  of  pork. 

The  Union  Stock  Yards.— Meat  packing  is  the  oldest 
of  Chicago's  industries.  In  the  fall  of  1832  G.  W.  Dole 
slaughtered  the  first  lot  of  cattle  ever  packed  in  the 
county.  They  numbered  200  head,  and  cost  $2.75  per 
cwt.  About  350  hogs,  costing  $3  per  cwt.,  were 
slaughtered  and  packed  at  the  same  time.  Forty- 
eight  years  later,  the  city  received  within  twelve 
months  no  fewer  than  7.059,355  live  hogs,  1,382,477 
cattle,  and  335,810  sheep;  since  which  time,  the  pro- 
portion 01  the  hog  products  of  the  country  handled 
by  Chicago  has  kept  on  increasing,  while  a  great  in- 
crease has  also  taken  place  in  its  receipts  of  cattle 
and  sheep.  In  1895  the  figures  were  7,885,283  hogs. 


52 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


2,588,558  cattle,  113,193  horses,  and  3,406,739  sheep, 
the  total  value  being  estimated  at  $200,584,380.  The 
shipments  for  the  same  period  were  2,100,613  live 
hogs,  5,784,670  dressed  hogs,  785,092  cattle,  53,136 
sheep,  910,339,175  Ibs.  of  dressed  beef,  74,646  barrels 
of  pork,  387,437,699  Ibs.  of  lard,  174,807,919  Ibs.  of 
hides,  and  63,441,329 
Ibs.  of  wool. 

The  Union  Stock 
Yards  at  Halsted 
street,  in  the  former 
Town  of  Lake,  in 
which  this  enor- 
mous business  cen- 
tres, cover  no  less 
than  400  acres  of 
ground.  In  3,300 
pens,  1,800  covered 
and  1,500  open,  pro- 
vision is  made  for 
handling  at  one  time 
25,000  head  of  cattle, 
14,000  sheep,  and  150,- 
000  hogs.  The  yards 
contain  twenty  miles 
of  streets,  twenty 
miles  of  water 
troughs,  fifty  miles  of 
feeding  troughs,  and 
seventy-five  miles  of 
water  and  drainage 
pipes.  Five  artesian 
wells,  having  an 
average  depth  of  1,230 
feet,  afford  an  abund- 
ant supply  of  water. 
There  are  also  eighty- 
seven  miles  of  rail- 
road tracks,  all  the 
great  roads  having 
access  to  this  vast 
market.  Its  entire 
cost  was  $4,000,000. 

The  meat  -  packing 
industry  is  carried  on 
in  immediate  prox- 
imity to  the  Stock 
Yards.  The  extent 
of  this  enterprise 
may  be  imagined 
from  the  fact  that  a 
single  business,  that 
controlled  by  Messrs. 
Armour  &  Co.,  oc- 
cupies  seventy 
acres  of  flooring,  and 
employs  3,500  men. 
The  Stock  Yards  and 
packing  houses  (ad- 
mission to  the  former 
free,  the  latter 
usually  shown  to  vis- 
itors upon  applica- 
tion) can  be  reached 
by  rail  from  Van 
Buren  street  depot 
(trains  infrequent), 
by  State  street  cable- 
line  or  South  Halsted 
street  horse-cars. 

The  Board  of 
Trade. — The  history 
of  this  institution  is 

an  epitome  of  the  commercial  growth  of  Chicago. 
The  preliminary  meeting  of  business  men,  having  in 
view  the  organizing  of  a  Board  of  Trade,  was  held  on 
March  13,  1848,  and  the  first  annual  meeting  of  the 
resultant  Board  took  place  in  April  of  the  follow- 
ing year.  The  first  quarters  occupied  by  iv'  were  a 


room  over  a  flour  store  on  South  Water  street,  en- 
gaged at  a  rental  of  $110  per  annum.  There  were 
eighty-two  members. 

On  the  13th  of  April,  1850,  the  institution  was  for- 
mally organized  under  an  act  of  legislature  authoriz- 
ing it,  and  the  membership  fee  was  fixed  at  $5,  while 


TACOMA    BUILDING,    LA    SALLE   AND   MADISON    STREETS. 

the  annual  dues  were  raised  from  $2  to  $3.  By  1851, 
the  membership  had  dropped  to  thirty-eight,  with  a 
deficit  reported  by  the  Treasurer. 

Years  passed  on,  with  many  changes  of  location,  but 
little  progress.  Interest— during  several  periods  fos- 
tered by  the  seductive  allurements  of  free  lunches. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


53 


comprising  cheese,  crackers  and  ale — waxed  and  anon 
waned.  The  free  lunches  filled  the  board-rooms,  but 
not  the  corporation  coffers;  in  fact,  we  read  that  in 
1855,  "the  refreshment  business"  being  revived,  "a 
doorkeeper  was  appointed  to  keep  out  the  loungers 
who  were  attracted  by  the  free  lunches." 

This  certainly  is  a  comical  beginning,  viewed  in 
the  light  of  the  present  day;  but,  when  we  remember 
that  in  those  times  Chicago  had  no  communication 
save  by  lake,  canal  and  wagon  road,  with  the  outside 
world,  and  that  grain  passing  through  the  ware- 
houses was  measured  by  the  half-bushel,  an  old-fash 
ioned  free  lunch  no  longer  seems  anomalous. 

After  1856,  however,  prophetic  signs  of  the  future 
began  to  show  within  the  institution;  membership  in 
creased  rapidly,  its  voice  began  to  be  heard  and  its 
influence  to  be   felt  in  every  important  question  of 
trade  or  finance  affecting  the  interest  of  Chicago. 

By  1866  the  membership  had  risen  to  1,462,  and 
on  August  13th  of  the  same  y°ar  the  completed  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce  building  was  occupied. 

The  Board  of  Trade  and  the  Union  Stock  Yards  are 
so  intimately  connected  that  it  is  impossible  to  con- 
sider them  or  the  men  who  are  connected  with  them 
separately;  because  the  transactions  at  the  stock  yards 


THE 


TRADE    BUILDING. 


form  so  large  a  proportion  of  the  business  01  the 
Board  of  Trade.  For  this  reason  it  is  proper  that  we 
here  present  to  cur  readers  sketches  of  a  few  of  the 
business  houses  and  men  who  are  among  the  guiding 
spirits  of  both.  As  in  the  case  of  the  lawyers,  we  have 
not  taken  the  richest,  but  those  who  are  fairly  repre- 
sentative of  the  conservative,  yet  aggressive  Chicago 
business  man. 

SCHWARTZ,  DUPEE  &  CO. 

This  is  one  of  the  foremost  commission  houses 
operating  on  the  Board  of  Trade.  While  the  firm,  in 
its  present  form,  cannot  be  said  to  be  one  of  the  oldest, 
it  is  one  of  the  most  substantial.  It  was  formed  about 
1882,  by  Gustavus  A.  Schwartz,  for  many  years  con- 
nected with  H.  Botsford  &  Co.,  and  John  Dupee,  Jr., 
for  a  long  time  in  the  commission  business  for  him- 
self. In  1886,  John  W.  Conley,  for  several  years  with 
John  W.  Rumsey  &  Co.,  and  Mr.  I.  J.  Bloom  were  ad- 
mitted to  partnership.  The  concern  occupies  spacious 
offices  on  the  ground  floor  of  the  Board  of  Trade 
Building;  and  does  a  general  commission  business  in 
stocks,  grain  and  provisions.  It  also  has  an  office  at 
No.  7  New  Street,  New  York.  It  owns  and  leases  an 
extensive  system  cf  private  wires  connecting  with 
New  York  and  other  important  points  which  give 
facilities  for  business  second  to  none  in  its  line. 


THE  FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK. 

The  First  National  Bank  is  the  oldest  of  the  na- 
tional banks  in  Chicago.  It  has  the  largest  .capital, 
resources,  deposits  and  earnings.  It  was  organized  in 
May,  1863,  with  a  capital  of  $100,000.  This  has  been 
increased  until  now  it  has  a  capital  of  $3,000,000,  with 
a  surplus  of  a  like  amount.  It  occupies  a  'building  of 
its  own  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Mon- 
roe streets,  which  has  always  been  a  model  of  con- 
venience and  beauty.  The  bank  occupies  the  whole 
of  the  main  floor,  while  the  five  upper  floors  are  taken 
up  with  offices.  In  the  basement  are  the  safety  de- 
posit vaults.  The  present  officers  of  the  bank  are  Mr. 
Lyman  J.  Gage,  president;  James  B.  Forgan,  vice 
president;  Richard  J.  Street,  cashier;  Holmes  Hoge. 
assistant  cashier,  and  Frank  E.  Brown,  second  assist- 
ant cashier.  The  list  of  directors  includes  Samuel  M. 
Nickerson,  F.  D.  Gray,  R.  C.  Nickerson,  E.  F.  Law- 
rence. Norman  B.  Ream.  L.  J.  Gage,  S.  W.  Allerton, 
Nelson  Morris,  Eugene  S.  Pike,  A.  A.  Carpenter  and 
James  B.  Forgan. 

LYMAN  J.   GAGE. 

Lyman  J.  Gage,  president  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Chicago,  was  born  June  28,  1836,  at  De  Ruy- 
ter,  Madison  County,  New  York;  and  was  educated 
at  Rome  Academy.  Mr.  Gage  was  first  president  of 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  World's  Columbian  Ex- 
position, and  also  was  formerly  president  of  the 
American  Bankers'  Association.  Mr.  Gage  is  now  a 
member  of  the  Commercial  Club,  the  Chicago  Club, 


LYMAN    J.    GAGE. 

the  Union  Club,  the  Bankers'  Club,  and  the  Chicago 
Literary  Club.  He  has  long  taken  an  active  interest 
in  philosophical  and  sociological  questions;  is  re- 
markably broad  and  liberal  in  his  views,  contact  with 
the  commercial  world  having  added  strength  and 
depth  without  narrowing  a  character  capable  of  the 
deepest  development. 

EDWARD  F.  LAWRENCE. 

Edward   F.   Lawrence  was   born  at  Groton,  Mass., 
October  29,  1835.     He  received  his  early  education  in 


54 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


the  public  schools  of  Belvidere,  111.,  where  his  pa- 
rents removed  to  in  1837.  He  finished  his  education 
at  the  Lawrence  Academy,  at  his  place  of  birth,  in 
1847.  He  returned,  and  in  1849  was  placed  in  a  country 
store  to  learn  commercial  business.  From  here  he 
went  to  Boston,  and  was  apprenticed  to  Whitney  & 
Fenno,  a  leading  dry  goods  and  jobbing  house,  where 


EDWARD    F.    LAWRENCE. 

he  remained  for  six  years,  a  part  of  the  time  in  the 
office  and  a  part  as  a  traveling  salesman.  In  his  trips 
he  frequently  came  to  Chicago,  and  in  1858  he  settled 
here  permanently.  He  has  been,  since  1859,  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Trade.  He  was  one  of  the  directors 


of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition;  and,  for  more 
than  twenty  years,  has  been  one  of  the  directors  of 
the  First  National  Bank. 

In  politics  Mr.  Lawrence  is  a  Democrat,  although 
not  a  partisan.  He  was  married  May  23,  1861,  to 
Miss  Mary  Ballentine,  of  Waukegan.  They  have  one 
son,  Dwight,  who  thus  early  gives  promise  of  a  life 
of  great  usefulness. 


EDWARD  LESTER  BREWSTER. 

Mr.  Edward  L.  Brewster  was  born  June  22,  1842,  at 
Brockport,   New  York,   a   direct  descendant   of   the 


THE   FIRST  NATIONAL   BANK    BUILDING. 


EDWARD  L.   BREWSTER. 

Pilgrim  Fathers.  He  was  given  a  good  education  at 
the  Brockport  Collegiate  Institute,  after  which  he 
spent  two  years  at  Buffalo,  as  clerk  in  a  commercial 
house,  in  the  study  of  practical  business  details  and  in 
a  commercial  college.  In  1860  he  came  to  Chicago  and 
entered  the  banking  house  of  Edward  I.  Tinkham  & 
Co.  Since  that  time  Mr.  Brewster  has  been  closely 
identified  with  the  banking  interests  of  the  city. 
In  January,  1868,  he  established  the  wholesale  grocery 
house  of  Farrington  &  Brewster;  but  in  1872  he  with- 
drew to  form  the  banking  firm  of  Wrenn  &  Brewster. 
A  magnificent  business  was  started  which  weathered 
the  storm  of  1873;  and  continued  until  1876,  when 
Mr.  Brewster  retired  and  created  the  firm  of  Edward 
L.  Brewster  &  Co.  For  twenty  years  this  has  been  one 
of  the  foremost  financial  institutions  of  the  city.  Mr. 
Brewster  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade 
since  1873,  and  of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange  since 
1881.  He  is  a  member,  and  has  been  president  of  the 
Chicago  Stock  Exchange.  He  is  a  member  of  many 
of  the  social  clubs.  Among  them  are,  the  Chicago, 
the  Calumet,  the  Union,  and  the  Washington  Park,  of 
Chicago,  and  the  Metropolitan  and  Union  League 
clubs  of  New  York. 


LAMSON  BROS.  &  CO. 

The  firm  of  Lamson  Bros.  &  Co.,  composed  of  S.  W. 
Lamson.  L.  J.  Lamson  and  S.  S.  Date  is  one  of  the 
few  firms  on  the  Board  that  has  retained  its  name, 
without  change,  for  more  than  twenty  years.  Be- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


55 


ginning  in  a  small  way,  they  have  by  industrious 
labor  and  a  strict  adherence  to  legitimate  business 
principles  placed  themselves  in  the  front  rank  of  the 
well  established,  conservative  and  responsible  Com- 
mission Houses. 

This  firm  has  probably  the  largest  private  leased 
wire  system  in  America,  reaching  eastward  from  Chi- 
cago to  New  York,  down  along  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
States,  along  the  Mississippi  River  to  New  Orleans, 
through  Texas  and  the  central  states— in  fact  they 
reach  almost  every  business  center  of  importance. 

Having  an  ample  force  of  the  best  brokers  ou 
'Change,  and  responsible  New  York  and  New  Orleans 
connections,  they  are  in  a  position  to  give  close  atten- 
tion to  all  grain,  provision,  stock  and  cotton  business 
entrusted  to  their  care. 


CHARLES  COUNSELMAN. 

Charles  Counselman,  one  of  the  foremost  operators 
on  the  Board  of  Trade,  was  born  in  December,  1848, 
at  Baltimore,  Md.  He  was  given  a  thorough  educa- 
tion with  a  view  to  his  entering  upon  the  practice  of 
the  law.  But  a  too  close  application  to  study  impaired 
his  health  so  that  he  was  compelled  to  give  up  his 
chosen  profession  and  seek  a  more  active  field  of  labor. 


born  at  Wheeler,  Porter  county,  Ind.,  Sept.,  10,  1863, 
and  has  lived  in  Chicago  since  1865. 

His  first  business  venture  was  clerking  for  the 
Northwestern  National  Bank  in  1880.  He  remained 
two  years  and  then  moved  west  and  spent  two  years  in 
Idaho  and  Oregon  when  he  returned  to  Chicago  and 


CHARLES  COUNSELMAN. 

He  came  to  Chicago  in  1869.  For  a  year  he  occupied 
a  subordinate  position  and  then  began  business  for 
himself  as  a  grain  and  provision  commission  man  ou 
the  Board  of  Trade.  He  met  with  an  abundant  success 
from  the  first;  and  to-day  he  is  the  owner  of  the  Ter- 
minal Grain  Elevators  of  the  Rock  Island  system. 
Those  elevators  have  a  capacity  of  7,000,000  bushels. 
In  1888  the  firm  of  Counselman  &  Day  was  formed 
for  the  handling  of  stocks  and  .bonds.  Mr.  Counsel- 
man has  always  avoided  politics,  never  having  sought 
or  held  public  office. 


LLOYD  JAMES  SMITH, 

Lloyd  James  Smith,  although  a  native  of  Indiana, 
has  spent  nearly  his  whole  life  in  Chicago,  his  parents 
moving  to  Chicago  when  he  was  a  child.  He  was 


LLOYD  J.   SMITH. 

began  as  broker  for  the  Central  Elevator  Co.  and  for 
Munger,  Wheeler  &  Co.  In  1889  he  was  made  manager 
of  the  Santa  Fe  Elevator  and  Dock  Co.,  and  is  now  the 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  this  company.  In  1891  he 
was  made  general  manager  also;  and  still  holds  that 
position. 

Mr.  Smith  has  been  a  director  of  the  Board  of  Trade 
for  the  past  five  years;  and  has  the  distinction  of 
being  the  youngest  man  ever  elected  as  a  director  of 
the  Board  of  Trade.  He  has  served  on  all  important 
committees  of  the  Directory;  and  has  always  repre- 
sented the  elevator  interests  in  their  controversies. 
He  has  been  chairman  of  the  Republican  County  Cen- 
tral Committee;  two  years  as  its  vice-president.  For 
five  years  he  has  been  first  vice-president  of  the  Mar- 
quette  Club;  and  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Athletic 
Club.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Republican  and  takes  a  great 
interest  in  politics  and  public  affairs. 

Mr.  Smith  was  united  in  marriage  in  1890  to  Miss 
Sadie  Hall.  They  have  one  child,  a  daughter,  about 
four  and  a  half  years  old.  They  live  in  Evanston 
Avenue,  at  Lake  View. 


SIDNEY  ALBERT  KENT. 

One  of  the  most  conspicuous  and  thoroughly  repre- 
sentative men  of  Chicago  is  Mr.  Sidney  A.  Kent.  For 
more  than  forty  years  he  has  occupied  a  prominent 
position  in  the  business  world,  won  for  himself  by  his 
perseverance,  his  sterling  integrity  and  his  good 
judgment.  He  was  born  at  Suffleld,  Connecticut,  July 
16, 1834,  the  son  of  Albert  and  Lucinda  (Gillette)  Kent. 
His  ancestors,  on  his  father's  side,  came  from  England 
about  1630,  and  formed  one  of  the  oldest  of  the  New 
England  colonial  families.  His  mother's  family  was 
only  a  little  less  renowned  in  the  early  history  of 
New  England. 

Young  Sidney  was  trained  up  on  the  farm  until  he 
was  nineteen,  securing  the  best  English  education 


56 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


which  could  be  afforded  in  the  common  schools  and  at 
the  Suffield  Academy.  He  then  started  out  to  make  his 
fortune,  coming  direct  to  Illinois.  He  first  located 
in  Kane  county,  where,  for  a  time  he  taught  school 
while  awaiting  an  opportunity  to  engage  in  mercantile 
business.  Early  in  1854  he  obtained  a  clerkship  in  the 
wholesale  dry-goods  house  of  Savage,  Case  &  Co.,  of 
Chicago.  The  city  then  had  a  population  of  only 
about  fifty  thousand;  but  it  had  become  plain  that  it 
was  destined  to  take  the  lead  as  a  commercial  center. 
Two  years  later  Mr.  Kent  went  into  business  for  him- 
self as  a  general  commission  merchant.  He  pushed 
his  business  with  so  much  vigor  and  intelligence  that 
he  soon  acquired  a  recognized  position  among  the 
prominent  commission  houses  of  the  city,  from  which 
he  branched  out  into  other  and  wider  fields.  He  en- 
gaged  exten- 
sively in  the 
fur  trade,  mak- 
ing trips  into 
the  western 
country  and 
buying  in  large 
quantities  for 
the  New  York 
market.  In  this 
he  was  asso- 
ciated with  his 
elder  brother, 
Mr.  A.  E.  Kent. 
In  1859,  in  com- 
pany with  his 
brother  he  en- 
gaged in  the 
beef  and  pork 
packing  busi- 
ness under  the 
style  of  A.  E. 
Kent  &  Co.  This 
proved  to  be  a 
profitable  ven- 
ture; and  after 
thirteen  years 
o  f  successful 
business  the 
company  was 
reorganized  as 
a  stock  com- 
pany, as  the 
Chicago  Pack- 
ing and  Pro- 
vision  Com- 
pany, of  which 
Mr.  Sidney  A. 
Kent  was  made 
president.  This 
too  has  grown 
until  it  is  to- 
day one  of  the 
largest  in  the 
packing  busi- 
ness in  Chi- 
cago, enjoying 
an  extensive  foreign  as  well  as  domestic  trade.  Mr. 
Kent  remained  its  president  until  1888,  when,  owing 
to  his  many  other  interests  and  duties  he  resigned 
and  accepted  the  position  of  vice-president. 

Closely  connected  with  the  Chicago  Packing  and 
Provision  Company  were  the  Merchant's  and  Trad- 
er's Packing  and  Provision  Company,  of  Nebraska 
City,  Neb.,  and  the  East  St.  Louis  Packing  and  Pro- 
vision Company,  in  both  of  which  Mr.  Kent  was 
largely  interested.  During  his  more  than  forty  years 
in  Chicago  business  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trade;  and  he  has  taken  a  leading  part  in 
many  of  the  great  operations  in  the  grain  market 
which  have  been  a  marked  feature  of  Chicago's  busi- 
ness, especially  during  the  last  twenty  years.  Much 


of  the  time  he  has  been  a  director  of  the  Board  of 
Trade.  In  1869,  along  with  Mr.  B.  P.  Hutchinson  and 
others,  he  organized  the  Corn  Exchange  National 
Bank,  becoming  its  first  president,  which  position  he 
held  for  several  years.  He  was  also,  for  many  years, 
a  director  in  the  American  Loan,  Trust  and  Savings 
Bank;  and  the  Kirby  Carpenter  Company,  which  has 
large  interests  in  land,  lumber  and  mills  on  the  Men- 
omonee  river  in  Michigan.  Upon  the  organization  of 
the  Chicago  Gas  Trust,  in  1887,  Mr.  Kent  was  made 
president.  In  1891,  he  assisted  in  the  organization  of 
the  Natural  Gas  Company,  of  Chicago,  with  a  capital 
of  $2,500,000.  With  almost  unbounded  resources  at 
his  command,  he  has  a  genius  for  great  undertakings 
which  are  invariably  successful.  They  are  compre- 
hensive in  their  scope,  planned  with  sagacity  and  car- 
ried out  with 
vigor  and  de- 
liberate judg- 
ment. His  as- 
sociates have 
always  recog- 
nized his  pre- 
eminent abili- 
ties by  defer- 
ring to  his 
judgment. 

Nor  has  Mr. 
Kent  confined 
himself  merely 
to  money  get- 
ting. He  has 
always  been  a 
munificent  pa- 
tron of  the 
Chicago  Uni- 
versity. The 
Kent  Chemical 
Labor  atory, 
one  of  the 
most  complete 
in  this  country 
in  all  its  ap- 
point  ments, 
was  built  from 
a  liberal  dona- 
tion of  $250,000, 
made  for  that 
purpose  by  Mr. 
Kent.  He  has 
also  made  sev- 
eral other  con- 
siderable do- 
nations to  the 
same  institu- 
tion. 

Mr.  Kent 
was  married 
Sept.  25,  1864, 
to  Miss  Stella 
A.  Lincoln,  of 
Newark.  New 
Jersey.  They 
have  two  charming  daughters  as  the  result  of  this 
union. 

WILLIAM  H.  HARPER. 

William  H.  Harper  was  born  May  4,  1845,  in  Tippe- 
canoe  County,  Indiana,  the  fifth  of  a  family  of  eighr. 
children.  In  1851,  the  family  removed  to  Iroquois 
County,  Illinois,  and  two  years  later  to  El  Paso,  Wood- 
ford  County.  Its  experience  was  that  of  all  pioneers, 
one  calculated  to  develop  hardy  qualities  and  self- 
reliant  characters.  Young  William,  along  with  his 
brothers,  worked  on  the  farm  in  the  summer  and  at- 
tended school  at  the  log  school  house  in  the  winter. 
In  1864.  when  nineteen  years  of  age.  he  enlisted  in 


SIDNEY   A.   KENT. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


57 


Company  B,  145th  Illinois  Infantry,  and  served  until 
the  end  of  the  war. 

On  his  return  from  the  war  he  entered  Eastman's 
Business  College,  of  Chicago,  from  which  he  grad- 
uated in  1865.  He  then  began  the  live  stock  and 
grain  shipping  business  at  El  Paso,  where  he  re- 
mained three  years  and  then  removed  to  Chicago  in 
1868.  Here  he  engaged  in  the  grain  commission  busi- 
ness on  the  Board  of  Trade.  In  1873,  he  was  ap- 
pointed chief  Grain  Inspector  at  Chicago.  In  1876,  he 
organized  the  Chicago  and  Pacific  Elevator  Company, 
of  which  he  was  made  treasurer  and  manager;  which 
position  he  still  holds.  The  company  now  owns  ele- 
vators A  and  B. 

In  1890,  Mr.  Harper  assisted  in  the  organization  of 
the  Globe  National  Bank,  of  which  he  was  made  a 
director.  He  was  elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the 
Illinois  Legislature  in  1882.  He  was  the  author  of 
the  high  license  bill  which  remains  the  law  of  the 


WILLIAM   H.   HARPER. 

state.  Many  other  popular  measures  were  championed 
by  him,  among  them  being  the  law  by  which  fines  were 
to  be  paid  over  to  the  treasuries  of  certain  societies, 
such  as  the  Humane  society  and  the  Society  for  the 
Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children. 

In  1895,  he  took  part  in  the  formation  of  the  Chicago 
Southern  States  Association,  to  conduct  an  excursion 
to  Atlanta,  Ga.,  to  attend  the  Cotton  States  Exposi- 
tion, and  acted  as  director  of  the  excursion. 

Mr.  Harper  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trade,  the  Union  League,  Calumet,  Washington  Park 
and  Hamilton  clubs.  He  is  a  mason,  a  K.  T.  and  mem- 
ber of  Oriental  Consistory,  and  a  member  of  Plymouth 
Congregational  Church.  He  was  married  July. 
1867.  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Perry,  of  Metamora,  Woodford 
County,  Illinois.  She  died  September  30,  1884,  leaving 
three  children,  one  of  whom.  Roy.  B..  is  a  member  of 
the  class  of  '97  in  the  United  States  Military  Academy, 
West  Point.  New  York. 

JOHN  CUDAHY. 

John  Cudahy  was  born  at  Callan.  County  Kilkenny. 
Ireland.  November,  1843.  His  parents  removed  to 
America  in  1849.  soon  afterward  settling  at  Mil- 


waukee, Wisconsin.  Here  young  John  obtained  what 
education  the  schools  ever  gave  him.  At  fourteen,  he 
entered  the  packing  house  of  Ed.  Roddis,  where  he 
remained  until  he  was  nineteen.  He  now  entered  the 
employ  of  John  Plankinton,  afterward  Plankinton  & 
Armour.  At  twenty-one  he  learned  the  nursery  busi- 
ness, with  Thomas  Gynne,  of  Milwaukee,  dealing  in 
fruit  and  ornamental  trees.  Here  he  spent  three 
seasons  winning  golden  opinions  from  his  employer, 
who  was  satisfied  to  sell  to  him  the  entire  plant  with 


JOHN  CUDAHY. 

only  a  small  payment  down.  Three  years  later  he 
had  paid  the  debt  and  saved  a  comfortable  sum  over. 
He  then  sold  out  and  accepted  employment  under 
Layton  &  Co.,  packers,  from  which  he  was  appointed 
three  years  later,  as  provision  inspector  for  Mil- 
waukee. In  1875  he  bought  an  interest  in  the  packing 
house  of  John  Plankinton.  but  soon  removed  to  Chi- ' 
cago,  and,  with  E.  D.  Chapin,  carried  on  business 
under  the  name  of  E.  D.  Chapin  &  Co.,  packers,  for 
two  years,  after  which  the  firm  became  Chapin  & 
Cuhady  for  about  five  years  longer,  when  Mr.  Chapin 
withdrew  and  left  Mr.  Cudahy  to  form  a  new  firm 
with  his  brother  under  the  style  of  Cudahy  Bros., 
packers.  The  firm  now  owns  the  largest  packing 
house  in  Milwaukee;  an  extensive  establishment  at 
Louisville,  Ky.,  and  at  Nashville,  Tenn.  Mr.  Cudahy 
has  always  been  noted  for  his  strict  business  integrity 
and  probity.  He  is  married  and  has  reared  an  inter- 
esting family. 

HARRIS  ANSEL  WHEELER. 

Harris  A.  Wheeler  was  born  at  Orrington,  Maine, 
July  30,  1850.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age,  when  he  struck 
out  for  himself.  He  took  a  position  as  bookkeeper 
in  a  wholesale  dry-goods  store.  In  1869  he  went  to 
Detroit,  but  returned  to  Maine  in  1871.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Second  Lieutenant  in  the  regular  army 
March  4,  1872.  resigning  his  commission  in  1874,  re- 
entering  mercantile  life.  In  1878  he  was  appointed 
financial  manager  of  the  Michigan  Military  Acad- 
emy, at  Orchard  Lake.  In  1880  he  came  to  Chicago 


58 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


and   became  private  secretary  to  N.  K.  Fairbank,  a 
position  he  still  holds;  but  his  main  interests  are  in 
manufacturing.     He  is  at  the  head  of  several  impor- 
tant enterprises. 
Mr.  Wheeler  was  appointed  upon  the  military  staff 


GEN.  H.  A.  WHEELER. 

of  Governor  Cullom  in  July,  1881,  and  reappointed  by 
his  successor,  Governor  Hamilton,  and  also  Governor 
Fifer;  was  Colonel  of  the  Second  Infantry  from 
July,  1884,  to  February,  1890;  and  is  now  Brigadier 
General  commanding  the  First  Brigade,  I.  N.  G.,  his 
commission  dating  from  June  24,  1893. 


CHICAGO  TELEPHONE  CO. 

There  is  no  city  in  America  which  makes  as  great 
use  of  the  telephone  as  Chicago.  The  telephone  ex- 
change, operated  by  the  Chicago  Telephone  Company, 
was  established  in  1880,  and  since  has  grown  stead- 
ily, until  now  more  than  400,000  people  daily  talk 
over  its  lines.  This  tremendous  amount  of  traffic  is 
nearly  double  that  of  any  other  exchange  in  the  coun- 
try, and  shows  the  utility  of  the  telephone  in  the 
rapid  business  method  and  great  distances  to  be  cov- 
ered in  Chicago.  The  exchange  business  is  carried 
on  in  nine  different  offices  located  in  different  parts  of 
the  city.  The  main  office,  in  which  nearly  one-half 
the  lines  are  concentrated,  is  in  the  Telephone  Build- 
ing at  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Washington  streets, 
and  upwards  of  5,000  lines  are  there  operated. 

Telephones  for  the  use  of  subscribers  are  furnished 
in  all  modern  and  well-known  forms,  the  long  dis- 
tance office  equipment,  the  long  distance  desk  tele- 
phone, the  party  line  residence  telephone,  or  the  pri- 
vate branch  exchange  used  by  railroads,  manufac- 
turers and  others.  The  telephone  which  is  furnished 
to  the  subscriber  forms  the  smallest  part  of  what  is 
necessary  to  make  up  the  telephone  service  given  by 
the  company.  This  is  shown  by  the  great  mileage 
of  trunk  lines  made  necessary  by  the  traffic  from  one 
exchange  to  another  and  the  amount  of  apparatus 
and  force  of  operators  needed  to  handle  th\s  trunk 
line  business. 

The  main  part  of  the  plant  of  the  Chicago  com- 
pany is  contained  in  underground  cables,  in  perma- 
nently placed  subways  and  located  underneath  the 


principal  highways  and  streets.  Constant  additions 
are  being  made  to  it,  and  the  character  of  the  service 
of  the  company  is  maintained  at  the  highest  standard. 

Upwards  of  13,000  telephones  are  now  operated  by 
the  company  within  the  city,  while  in  the  neighbor- 
ing exchanges  operated  by  the  company  at  Evanston, 
Elgin,  Waukegan,  Aurora,  Joliet  and  other  important 
points  within  a  radius  of  fifty  miles,  about  3,000  addi- 
tional telephones  are  installed. 

The  long  distance  telephone  lines  of  the  American 
Telephone  &  Telegraph  Company  were  extended  to 
Chicago  from  New  York  in  1892,  and  are  now  operated 
in  direct  connection  with  the  Chicago  telephone  ex- 
change. The  merchant  in  Chicago,  therefore,  from 
his  own  office,  can  converse,  not  only  'with  the  tele- 
phone subscribers  in  Chicago  and  vicinity,  but  with 
more  than  50,000  other  telephone  subscribers  in  ex- 
changes reached  by  long  distance  lines. 

HERBERT  E.  BUCKLIN. 

Herbert  E.  Bucklin,  founder  of  the  house  of  H.  E. 
Bucklin  &  Co.,  was  born  at  West  Winfield,  Herkimer 
County,  New  York,  July  19,  1848.  He  was  educated 
mainly  in  the  common  schools  at  his  boyhood  home 
and  at  the  New  York  State  Academy,  which  he  en- 
tered in  1866.  The  following  year  he  took  a  thorough 
course  at  Bryant  and  Stratton's  Commercial  College 
in  Chicago.  From  here  he  entered  his  father's  drug 
store  at  ISlkhart,  Indiana,  as  a  clerk.  Here  he  made  a 
special  study  of  drugs,  and,  in  1869,  began  the  manu- 
facture of  patent  medicines,  in  connection  with  the 
drug  business.  In  1876  he  sold  his  interests  in  Elk- 
hart,  and,  two  years  later  established  himself  in 
Chicago.  There  are  few  who  remember  Chicago  of 


H.  E.  BUCKLIN'S  BUILDING. 

that  day  who  will  not  recall  the  sensation  produced 
when  a  brave  spirit  had  the  hardihood  to  rush  into 
the  maelstrom  of  financial  panic  and  business  dis- 
order to  set  up  a  new  business.  He  did  just  this — 
He  founded  a  business  which  has  grown  to  vast  pro- 
portions; he  conquered  all  the  obstacles  which  lay 
in  his  way;  his  genius  is  stamped  upon  the  city,  and 
his  name  has  become  a  household  word  in  the  homes 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


59 


of  two  continents  and  whose  goods  may  foe  found  in 
almost  all  of  their  drug  stores. 

Mr.  Bucklin  is  the  proprietor  of  four  valuable  pat- 
ent medicines,  which  have  brought  him  fame  and 
fortune.  One  is  Dr.  King's  New  Discovery  tor  Con- 
sumption. Coughs  and  Colds;  Bucklin's  Arnica  Salve, 
Electric  Bitters  and  Dr.  King's  New  Life  Pills.  He 
also  publishes  the  Druggist,  devoted  to  health,  busi- 
ness and  science,  and  to  advertise  his  medicines.  He 
expends  a  hundred  thousand  dollars  annually  among 
the  leading  newspapers  throughout  the  United  States 
and  territories  to  advertise  the  merits  of  these  medi- 
cines. He  has  been  compelled  to  make  constant  en- 
largements and  additions  to  his  already  magnificent 
business  building.  In  it  he  has  gathered  a  most 
valuable  li- 
brary of  rare 
and  expensive 
works. 

In  1877  Mr. 
Bucklin's  mar- 
riage with  Miss 
Bertha  E., 
daughter  of  Hon. 
George  Redfield, 
of  Cass  County, 
Mich.,  was  cele- 
brated. Three 
children  have 
been  born  to 
them:  Harley  R., 
in  1879 ;  Char- 
lotte, in  1883, 
and  Herbert  E., 
in  1887.  Al- 
though Mr. 
Bucklin  is  a 
strict  business 
man,  he  never 
forgets  to  be 
courteous  and 
considerate  t  o 
all  who  are 
brought  in  con- 
tact with  him. 
He  never  dreams 
that  the  fact 
that  he  has,  by 
his  own  genius, 
established  an 
industry  here; 
and  led  it  to  a 
high  and  honor- 
able place  in  the 
affairs  of  the 
city,  furnishes 
an  excuse  for 
winning  him 
away  from  the 
manners  and 
methods  which 
have  given  him 
his  great  sue-  H.  E.  BUCKLIN. 

thT'case  with  so  many  others.  On  the  contrary,  he 
has  broadened  in  the  spirit  of  social  and  commer- 
cial life;  opened  to  his  view  the  duties  which  are  re- 
quired of  the  successful,  and  made  a  man  young  in 
years  old  in  real  usefulness. 

THE   CHICAGO   EDISON  COMPANY. 

The  Chicago  Edison  Company  was  organized  and 
received  its  franchise  from  the  City  of  Chicago  in  the 
spring  of  1887. 

The  first  plant  was  located  at  No.  139  Adams  btreet. 
and  an  underground  system  of  feeders  running  from 
this  station  was  laid  in  the  streets  of  the  district 


bounded  by  Randolph,  Van  Buren,  Franklin  and  State 
streets.  This  plant  was  originally  provided  with  capac- 
ity of  800  horse  power.which  was  thought  sufficient  for 
the  demands  at  that  time.  Provision  was  made,  how- 
ever, for  increase;  and  new  machinery  was  installed  at 
short  intervals  until,  in  1894,  the  capacity  was 
upwards  of  5,000  horse  power.  Previous  to 
this  those  in  charge,  in  view  of  the  increasing 
demands  for  electric  light  and  power,  and  to  be  ready 
for  the  load  which  indications  showed  might  be  ex- 
pected, had  planned  a  much  larger  plant.  A  site  was 
selected  on  the  river  bank,  near  Harrison  street,  and 
in  1892  the  work  of  construction  was  begun. 

The  plan  carried  out,  and  which  proved  wise,  was, 
to  conduct  electricity  from  this  point  by  a  heavy  line 

through  a  pri- 
]  vate  tunnel  be- 
neath the  river, 
and  thence  to 
the  Adams 
Street  Station, 
from  which  it 
could  be  distri- 
buted over  the 
existing  system 
of  feeders  and 
mains.  Allow- 
ance was  made 
for  the  utmost 
increase  in  out  • 
put  which  might 
be  hoped  for  in 
a  long  time.  Im- 
proved machin- 
ery of  every 
kind  was  ob- 
tained and  at- 
tention given  to 
every  detail,  so 
that  this  hand- 
some  plant, 
as  completed, 
stands  a  monu- 
ment to  engi- 
neering and 
archite  c  t  ur  a  1 
skill.  It  is  one 
of  the  finest 
electric  light 
and  power  sta- 
tlons  in  the 
world.  Its  pres- 
ent capacity  is 
sufficient  to  de- 
velop near  1,000 
horse  power, 
and  machinery 
for  as  much 
more  can  be  in- 
stalled in  the 
same  building. 
In  the  mean- 
time 'work  was 
in  progress  i  n 

other  directions.  A  smaller  district  had  been 
planned  and  a  station  for  supplying  light  to  the 
south  side  residence  section  had  been  built  on  Wa- 
bash  Avenue,  south  of  Twenty-sixth  Street,  feeding 
an  underground  system  which  covered  the  portion 
of  the  city  between  Twelfth  Street,  Lake  Michigan, 
Thirty-fifth  Street  and  Wabash  Avenue. 

This  plant,  which,  while  small  in  Chicago,  in  an  or- 
dinary city  would  be  considered  large,  was  carrying 
a  heavy  load;  but  a  project  was  on  foot  which  was  to 
increase  the  range  of  the  company.  An  arrangement 
was  made  by  which  a  plant,  located  at  the  river  and 
Washington  Street,  formerly  operated  by  the  Chicago 
Arc  Light  and  Power  Company,  came  under  the  con- 


60 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


trol  of  the  company,  and  the  customers  supplied  by 
it  became  customers  of  the  Chicago  Edison  Co.  This 
meant  great  additions  to  its  already  broad  field,  both 
in  volume  of  business,  in  systems  of  distribution  and 
in  styles  of  machinery  used;  for  up  to  this  time  only 
Edison  apparatus  of  the  kind  known  as  low  tension 
had  been  used.  By  this  move  systems  of  high  tension 
arc  lighting,  alternating  incandescent  lighting  and 
500  volt  power  were  acquired. 

This  gave  the  company  many  customers  on  the  west 
side,  where  it  had  hitherto  made  no  advances,  to  say 
nothing  of  portions  of  the  north  side  near  the  river, 
and  some  territory  on  the  diagonal  streets  running 
to  the  northwest. 

The  greater  portion  of  the  north  side  still  remained 


The  attention  of  the  company  has  been  directed  to 
the  extension  of  its  underground  systems,  strengthen- 
ing of  its  feeder  capacity  and  the  gradual  interweav- 
ing of  the  lines  of  conductors  between  the  districts 
originally  separated,  so  that  a  few  years  will  see  one 
complete  interlocked  system  extending  from  Thirty- 
ninth  street  on  the  south,  to  Lincoln  Park  on  the 
north,  and  from  the  lake  far  into  the  residence  dis- 
trict of  the  west  side. 

The  Chicago  Edison  Company  not  only  supplies  cur- 
rent for  light  in  its  two  branches  of  arc  and  incandes- 
cent, but  for  power  of  all  kinds,  heating  devices  and 
experimental  purposes.  It  has  already  obtained  and 
is  gradually  extending  a  foothold  in  the  demands  of 
the  Chicago  people  which  can  never  be  displaced. 


DYNAMO   ROOM,   HARRISON   STREET   STATION. 


uncovered,  but  in  1893  a  north  side  plant  was  de- 
termined upon.  The  Newberry  Library,  which  would 
surely  become  a  very  large  consumer  of  electric  light, 
offered  a  rare  opportunity  for  obtaining  a  nucleus 
around  which  a  good  business  could  be  built  up.  By 
an  arrangement  with  the  trustees  ground  was  secured 
and  a  compact  station  built,  adjoining  the  library  on 
the  north  so  closely  that  few  realized  that  it  was  not 
a  portion  of  the  building.  From  this  station  the  ter- 
ritory from  the  river  to  Lincoln  Park,  and  from  Wells 
street  to  the  lake  is  supplied,  and  many  of  the  resi- 
dences in  this  section  of  the  city  are  illuminated  with 
incandescent  light. 

This  plant  is  a  model  of  its  kind,  being  provided 
with  machinery,  equally  modern  with  that  at  the 
Harrison  street  station.  It  is  the  youngest  and  most 
pampered  child  of  the  great  corporation.  Since  its 
erection  there  has  been  no  necessity  for  further  plants. 


THE   AMERICAN   BISCUIT  CO. 

The  American  Biscuit  &  Manufacturing  Co.  has 
twenty-eight  plants  in  operation  in  various  western 
cities,  three  of  which  are  located  in  Chicago.  The 
Chicago  bakeries  are  as  follows: 

Bremner  Bakery,  76  O'Brien  street. 

Dake  Bakery,  Adams  and  Clinton  streets. 

Aldrich  Bakery,  Green  and   Randolph  streets. 

It  is  the  largest  manufacturer  of  fine  biscuits, 
crackers,  cakes,  and  candies  in  the  world.  Its  older 
branches  have  fed  three  generations  of  consumers, 
and  its  different  brands  are  recognized  as  standards 
of  purity  and  excellence.  Thrifty  housewives  are 
substituting  the  "A.  B.  C."  cakes  for  "home  cooking." 
thereby  saving  time,  money,  and  worry. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


61 


THE  WESTERN  BANK  NOTE  AND  ENGRAVING 
CO. 

This  company  has  had  a  history  for  more  than 
thirty  years.  It  is  said  to  be  the  only  regular  and 
fully  equipped  bank  note  company  west  of  New  York, 
and  the  only  one  outside  of  that  city  whose  work  is 
accepted  for  listing  on  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange. 
In  addition  to  the  steel  plate  work  turned  out,  the 
company  has  a  large  lithographic  plant  for  the  exe- 
cution of  all  kinds  of  bank  and  commercial  work. 
Among  the  many  handsome  specimens  shown  are 
bonds  and  stock  certificates  of  railway  companies, 

bank   notes  of  the  Bank  of 

Hamilton,  Ontario,  diplo- 
mas for  the  Board  of  Lady 
Managers  of  the  Columbian 
Exposition,  honorary  certifi- 
cates for  the  Field  Colum- 
bian Museum,  and  a  mag- 
nificent collection  of  bank- 
ers' steel  plate  drafts.  The 
work  turned  out  embraces 
every  variety  of  bonds, 
stock  certificates,  currency 
for  foreign  countries,  bank- 
ers' drafts,  portraits,  and  all 
the  various  commercial 
forms,  which  are  executed 
in  the  finest  manner  from 
steel  engraved  plates.  The 
officers  of  the  company  are: 
C.  C.  Cheney,  president;  C. 
A.  Chapman,  vice  president 
and  treasurer,  and  Charles 
Heineman,  secretary.  The 
building  which  is  the  home 
of  the  company  is  herewith 
shown. 

PHILIP    HENRICI,    RES- 
TAURATEUR. 

Philip  Henrici  is  one  of 
the  characters  of  Chicago. 
No  person  has  seen  Chicago 
unless  he  has  visited  Hen- 
rici's.  For  more  than  twen- 
ty-six years  he  has  been  ca- 
tering to  the  tastes  of  those 
who  know  a  good  thing 
when  they  see  it.  For 
twenty  years  he  occupied 
the  old  stand  at  175  and  177 
Madison  street,  until  it  be- 
came one  of  the  landmarks 
of  the  city.  About  two  years 
ago  he  removed  to  his  pres- 
ent location,  108  and  110 
Randolph  street,  which  was 
fitted  up  expressly  for  him, 
under  his  own  supervision. 
This  is,  without  exception, 
all  things  considered,  the 
finest  restaurant  in  Chicago. 


the  benefit  of  those  who  enjoy  a  good  smoke  during 
or  after  their  meals.  Make  a  note  of  "Henrici's,  108 
and  110  Randolph  street,"  and  be  sure  to  see  :t  when 
you  come  to  the  city.  It  is  strictly  a  temperance 
house.  No  intoxicants  are  served. 


CHARLES  HENRY  BUNKER. 

Charles  Henry  Bunker  was  born  at  East  Troy, 
Walworth  County,  Wisconsin,  September  22,  1850. 
His  grandfather,  Gorham  Bunker,  was  one  of  the 
early  pioneers  of  that  State,  and  Charles  Henry's 


more  costly  and  expensive,  but  in  tasteful  arrange- 
ment and  artistic  decoration  it  easily  leads  anything 
else  in  the  city.  The  location  is  an  ideal  one.  All 
the  cable  cars  from  the  North  Side  pass  the  doors. 
It  is  within  one  square  of  the  City  Hall  and  County 
Court  House,  and  directly  opposite  the  Schiller  The- 
ater. The  restaurant  proper  is  40x165  feet,  and  has  a 
seating  capacity  for  500  persons.  Nearly  2,000  per- 
sons are  served  there,  on  the  average,  daily.  A  new 
feature,  the  smoking-room,  has.  lately  been  added  for 


WESTERN  BANK  NOTE  COMPANY'S  BUILDING,   CORNER   MADISON  STREET  AND 

MICHIGAN  AVENUE. 

Not  that  others  are  not      father,  George  Bunker,  was  born  in  the  Badger  State. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  born  on  a  farm,  where 
his  childhood  was  spent  until  he  was  about  six  years 
old.  About  that  time  his  father  moved  to  White- 
•water,  Wisconsin,  and  engaged  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness; but  in  1862  located  at  Madison,  the  State  capi- 
tal, where  for  twenty-five  years  he  continued  in  the 
same  business,  during  which  he  acquired  a  comfort- 
able competency.  In  that  beautiful  "City  of  the 
Lakes"  young  Bunker  took  a  high  school  course  and 
then  entered  the  Wisconsin  State  University.  Dur- 


62 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


ing  his  junior  year  he  left  the  University,  however, 
to  engage  in  the  lumber  business,  and  later  was  one 
of  the  firm  of  Bunker  &  Shepherd,  who  conducted  a 
general  merchandise  store  at  Oregon,  Wisconsin. 

In  1874  Mr.  Bunker  assisted  in  building  a  railroad 
from  Ottawa  to  Burlington,  Kansas.  He  conducted 
the  enterprise  successfully,  opening  up  coal  mines 
and  completing  the  road.  In  1877  he  returned  to  Chi- 
cago and  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  A.  A.  Ab- 
bott in  the  business  of  handling  farm  machinery, 
wagons  and  carriages  at  wholesale.  Later  the  firm 
became  the  well-known  Abbott  Buggy  Co.,  of  Chi- 
cago, of  which  Mr.  Bunker  was  secretary  and  treas- 
urer for  about  a  dozen  years.  After  building  one  of 
the  largest  carriage  factories  in  the  world,  which  em- 
ployed between  five  and  six  hundred  men,  and  after 
having  manufactured  over  100,000  wheeled  vehicles 
for  service  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  the  business  was 
sold  to  a  syndicate,  whereupon  Mr.  Bunker  retired 


CIIAS.  H.   BUNKER. 

from  its  active  management  and  became  the  secretary 
and  manager  of  the  Metropolitan  Accident  Associa- 
tion of  Chica.go,  which  position  he  has  since  held, 
and  in  the  management  of  which  his  usual  success 
has  attended  him. 

Mr.  Bunker  was  married  in  1873  at  Oregon,  Wis- 
consin, to  Miss  Helen  Abbott.  They  have  three 
promising  children:  A  daughter,  Genevieve,  born  in 
Wisconsin,  two  sons,  the  eldest,  Gerald,  born  in 
Kansas,  and  the  youngest,  Arthur  Stuart,  born  in 
Illinois. 

Mr.  Blinker  is  -widely  known  among  business 
men.  He  is  universally  regarded  as  a  man  of  ster- 
ling integrity  and  of  the  highest  character.  He  has 
been  an  active  factor  in  the  business  life  of  Chicago, 
p.nd  is  known  for  that  ability  and  tenacity  of  pur- 
pose which  so  potentially  contributes  to  success; 
especially  in  the  Middle  and  Western  States  his  busi- 
ness connections  have  made  him  favorably  known 
in  almost  every  town  and  city,  his  enterprises  being 
material  benefit  to  them.  Physically  Mr.  Bun- 
ker is  a  man  of  fine  physique,  standing  six  feet  and 
two  inches  in  height,  and  weighs  two  hundred 
pounds. 

He  is  socially  one  of  the  most  genial  and  companion- 
able of  men,  and  the  circle  of  his  friends  is.  large  and 


ever  increasing.  In  politics  he  is  an  Independent, 
with  Democratic  leanings,  and  in  religion  a  man  of 
liberal  humanitarian  views,  taking  a  broad  and  char- 
itable view  of  life,  and  is  a  practical  helper  of  his 
fellowmen,  noted  for  his  kindness  of  heart  and  unos- 
tentatious benevolence. 


A.  BOOTH  PACKING  CO. 

Mr.  Alfred  Booth,  of  Chicago,  was  born  in  Glas- 
toubury,  England.  He  came  to  America  forty-seven 
years  ago  when  at  the  age  of  twenty-three.  In  the 
winter  of  1850,  he  started  buying  the  lake  fish  from 
the  fishermen  here  and  shipping  them  throughout  the 
smaller  towns  in  Illinois.  From  this  small  begin- 
ning has  grown  the  enormous  business  of  the  A. 
Booth  Packing  Company,  a  corporation  having  a 
paid-up  capital  of  one  million  dollars  and  a  surplus 
of  as  much  more. 

The  company  has  branch  houses  in  all  the 
principal  cities  of  the  country,  where  its  canned  goods 
are  known  and  sold  in  almost  every  civilized  coun- 
try on  the  face  of  the  earth.  The  company  owns  ex- 
tensive fisheries  on  the  lakes,  oyster  beds  on  the 
eastern  coasts,  salmon  canneries  on  the  Columbia 
River,  fruit  canneries  in  California,  also  fruit,  vege- 
table and  oyster  packing  houses  in  Baltimore  and 
elsewhere;  its  own  boats  and  steamers  on  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans,  the  chain  of  Great  Lakes, 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  up  on  Lake  Winnipeg,  also  re- 
frigerating cars  and  other  important  adjuncts  to  the 
proper  and  successful  working  of  a  business  involv- 
ing immense  detail. 

Pew  names  are  more  deservedly  well  known 
throughout  the  United  States  than  Mr.  Booth's.  His 
enterprise  in  making  the  succulent  oyster  available 
everywhere  that  railways  reach  has  made  his  name 
familiar  as  a  household  word. 

When  the  first  trans-continental  railway  was  com- 
pleted, Mr.  Booth  dispatched,  by  the  first  train,  sev- 
eral cars  laden  with  oysters  through  to  California 
and  the  West;  and,  in  like  manner,  he  has  always 


A.  BOOTH  PACKING  CO.'S  BUILDING. 

been  in  the  van  of  enterprise  and  progress.  Where- 
ever  business  is  to  be  done,  even  prospectively,  in 
the  numerous  rapidly  increasing  centers  of  population, 
there  the  firm  is  ready  to  establish  a  depot  to  supply 
the  local  demand,  these  ventures,  as  a  rule,  proving 
profitable  to  themselves  as  well  as  highly  beneficial 
to  the  inhabitants. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


63 


THE    CHICAGO   VARNISH    COMPANY. 

This  company  was  established  in  1865;   and,  as  will 
be  seen,  has  been  an  active  factor  in  the  business  of 
the  city  for  more  than  thirty  years.    In  1889  it  built 
the  most  complete  varnish  works  in  this  country,  the 
plant  covering  four  acres  of  ground,  with  offices  in 
New   York,  Boston  and   Philadelphia,  as  well   as   in 
Chicago.    While  the  business  of  the  concern  is  purely 
the  manufacture  and  sale  of  its  staples,  those  staples 
are  so  intimately  connected  with  the  decorative  arts 
that  it  is  quite  natural  to  find  it  promoting  art  in 
some  practical  manner;    but  the  way  it  has  chosen 
to  do  that  is  certainly  unique.     When    it    came    to 
erect  an  office  building  in  Chicago,  for  its  own  use, 
it  selected    a    style 
of    architecture    as 
quaint,    and    withal 
as  pleasing  as  it  is 
rare.     It  is  said  to 
be  the    only    busi- 
ness  block    in    this 
country  of  the  pure, 
classic   Dutch  type. 
It     is     a     building 
which      would      be 
singled   out   for   its 
beauty       anywhere, 
even  among  struc- 
tures    costing     ten 
times  as  much.     It 
is   so  refreshing   to 
look   upon;    such  a 
startling    departure 
from       the      hack- 
neyed and  common- 
place  so    prevalent 
in     all     our     great 
cities,  that  we  here- 
with give  an  illus- 
tration of  it.     It  is 
45x90  feet,  built  of 
dark       red       brick 
trimmed  with  Bed- 
ford sandstone,  with 
a  red  tile  roof.     A 
clock    in    the    two 
corners     over      the 
main  entrance  con- 
siderably  heightens 
the  effect  and   sets 
off  the  general  de- 
sign. 

GEORGE 
SCHNEIDER. 

George  Schneider 
was  born  in  Pirmaseus,  Rhenish  Bavaria,  December 
13,  1823.  He  received  his  early  education  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  place.  At  twenty-one,  Mr. 
Schneider  engaged  in  journalism,  and  became  an  ac- 
tive revolutionist  against  Bavarian  rule.  At  twenty- 
five,  in  the  revolution  of  1848,  he  was  a  Commissioner 
of  the  Provincial  Republican  Government  of  the 
Palatinate,  and  was  under  the  death  penalty  pro- 
nounced at  that  time,  which  the  Bavarian  Legisla- 
ture removed  in  1866.  Mr.  Schneider  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1849,  and  published  a  German  daily  at  St.  Louis, 
entitled  "Die  Neue  Zeit."  In  1851  he  removed  to  Chi- 
cago, and  established  the  Illinois  "Staats  Zeitung." 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Republican  party. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  National  Republican  con- 
vention of  1856,  which  nominated  Fremont  for  presi- 
dent, and  of  the  convention  of  1860,  at  Chicago,  which 
nominated  Abraham  Lincoln.  He  was  an  elector  at 


CHICAOO   VARNISH   COMPANY'S 
AVENUE  AND 


large  from  Illinois  at  the  election  of  James  A.  Gar- 
field.    In  1876  he  was  appointed  minister  to  Switzer- 
land  by   President  Hayes.     At   the   outbreak   of   the 
war,   Mr.    Schneider   was   appointed   consul    to   Den- 
mark.   In  the  fall  of  1864,  in  fulfillment  of  his  mis- 
sion, he  went  to  Hamburg,  Bremen  and  Copenhagen, 
and  assisted  in  changing  public  sentiment  in  favor  of 
the  Union.     Mr.  Schneider  was  an  active  member  of 
the  "Union  Defense  Committee,"   of  1861,   in   whose 
charge  the  city  subscription  fund  for  the  equipment 
of  volunteers,  and  the  support  of  their  families,  was 
placed.     After  his  return  from  Denmark  he  was  ap- 
pointed  collector  of  internal   revenue,    by   President 
Lincoln,  the  first  in  Illinois.    When  his  term  expired 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  State  Savings  Insti- 
tution,     and       re- 
-       tained   his    interest 
therein   until    1871, 
when  he  organized 
and       was        made 

i  president     of     the 

National  Bank  of 
Illinois.  He  has 
for  several  years 
been  the  president 
of  the  Bankers' 
Club  of  Chicago. 
Mr.  Schneider  was 
a  director  of  the  lo- 
cal board  of  the 
World's  Columbian 
Exposition,  and  a 
member  of  the 
committee  on  ways 
and  means  and  the 
committee  on  press 
and  printing,  both 
being  important 
committees. 

ROBERT  LAW. 
Mr.  Robert  Law 
was  born  in  York- 
shire,  England, 
February  15,  1822. 
He  remained  at 
home  on  the  farm 
until  he  was  twen- 
ty-one; but  he 
started  for  America 
the  day  he  attained 
to  his  majority.  He 
bought  a  farm  in 
Cecil  County,  Mary- 
land, where  he  lived 
for  five  years.  He 
was  then  obliged 
to  return  to  England  to  dispose  of  property  which 
came  to  him  by  the  death  of  his  father.  On  his  return 
the  following  year  he  came  west  and  located  in  Si. 
Louis,  engaging  in  steam  boating  between  that  city 
and  Cincinnati.  After  two  years  he  sold  out  and  en- 
gaged in  the  business  of  railroad  construction,  from 
St.  Louis  on  the  Merrimack.  He  then  took  a  con- 
tract on  the  Illinois  Central,  from  Freeport  to  Du- 
buque,  70  miles,  and  was  also  interested  in  44  miles 
on  the  same  road  from  Ramsey's  Creek  to  Cen- 
tralia.  When  he  had  finished  these  contracts,  he, 
with  others,  sunk  a  coal  shaft  at  La  Salle  and  formed 
the  Illinois  Coal  and  Iron  Company.  After  oper- 
ating this  successfully  for  five  years,  he  again  sold 
out,  in  order  to  devote  himself  to  the  sale  of  anthra- 
cite coal,  which  he  had  already  begun.  It  was  from 
his  mines  at  La  Salle  that  the  first  fuel  coal  was 
sent  to  Chicago  in  quantities.  And,  moreover,  it  was 


BUILDING,   COUNEK  DEARBORN 
KINZIK  STREET. 


64 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


when  the  anthracite  coal  business  of  Chicago  was  in 
its  infancy  that  Mr.  Law  went  into  it.  The  annual 
consumption  of  Chicago  and  the  west  only  amounted 
to  15,000  tons.  This  was  in  1856.  Since  that  time  the 
business  has  grown  to  enormous  proportions.  Mr. 
Law  has  been  closely  identified  with  it  during  all  the 
time  since — for  forty  years.  During  all  that  time  he 
has  been  an  important  factor  in  the  growth  and  busi- 
ness prosperity  of  the  city. 

MARTIN  B.  MADDEN. 

The  universally  accepted  test  of  merit  is  the  suc- 
cess that  crowns  the  effort  of  the  individual;  and 
measured  by  this  standard  the  highest  distinction 
should  be  con- 
f  e  r  r  e  d  upon 
Martin  B.  Mad- 
den, alderman 
from  the  Fourth 
Ward.  He  is 
Chairman  of  the 
Finance  Com- 
mittee of  the 
City  Council,  ac- 
kno  w"l^  d  g  e  d 
leader  oof  his 
party  in,  the  lat- 
ter body  and  in 
Cook  County, 
and  president  of 
the  Western 
Stone  Company, 
the  largest  cor- 
poration of  its 
kind  in  Amer- 
ica. 

The  extraor- 
dinary career  of 
Mr.  Madden  is 
one  of  those  re- 
markable i  n- 
stances  some- 
times heard  of 
in  romance,  but 
rarely  met  with 
in  real  life.  He 
was  born  of 
poor  and  hum- 
ble pare  n  t  s, 
John  and  Eliza 
Madden,  in  Dar- 
lington, Eng- 
land, March  20. 
1855,  and  was 
brought  by 
them  to  Amer- 
ica in  1859.  The 
family  settled 
in  Chicago,  and 
from  his  sixth 
to  his  tenth  year 

Mr.  Madden  at-  ,  M.    B. 

tended      school, 

never  missing  a  single  day.  He  then  began  work 
in  the  stone  quarries  at  Lemont,  111.,  of  which  he  is 
now  the  distinguished  head,  and  continued  in  the 
employ  of  the  owner,  Mr.  Edwin  Walker,  for  eleven 
years,  rising  from  water  carrier  to  general  man- 
ager and  chief  draughtsman. 

Severing  his  connection  at  •  this  time  with-  Mr. 
Walker,  he  became  superintendent  of  the  Enterprise 
Stone  Company,  and  when,  eight  years  later,  this  or- 
ganization consolidated  with  several  other  companies 
as  the  Chicago  Building  Stone  Co.,  be  a.ccepted  the 
position  of  financial  manager  of  the  corporation.  In 
1886  the  Joliet  and  Crescent  companies  combined  un- 


der the  name  of  the  Joliet  Stone  Company,  with  Mr. 
Madden  as  vice  president  and  general  manager.     Six 
years  later  this  company  consolidated  with  the  West- 
ern Stone  Company,  and  Mr.   Madden  was  made  its 
vice  president,  and  January  16,  1895,  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  stockholders  he  was  elected  president. 
In  addition   to  his  stone   interests  Mr.   Madden   is 
treasurer  of  the  Cable  Building  &  Loan  Association, 
a  stockholder  and  director  in  the  Garden  City  Bank- 
ing &  Trust  Company,  stockholder  in  the  Commercial 
Loan  &  Trust  Company,  and  is  associated  with  nu- 
merous other  well  known  and  successful  enterprises. 
He  is  a  member  of    the    Sheridan,    Concordia    and 
Twelve  Forty-five  clubs,  the  Ancient  Order  of  United 
Workmen,  the  Royal  Arcanum,  the  Independent  Or- 
der   of    Forest- 
ers, the  Nation- 
al   Union,    and 
to    other  social 
orders;     and  in 
all   of   them   he 
is  popular    and 
influential. 

May  16,  1878, 
Mr.  Madden 
was  married  to 
Miss  Josephine 
Smart,  of  Down- 
er's Grove,  111., 
and  one  child, 
Mabel  Bell,  ten 
years  old,  has 
been  born  of 
this  marriage. 

Mr.  Madden  is 
a  man  distinct- 
ly of  the  peo- 
ple and  •with 
them.  He  has 
in  no  sense  been 
lifted  up  of  his 
suecesa,  but  is 
as  approachable 
and  sympathet- 
ic as  in  the 
olden  days 
when  he  labor- 
ed in  the  quar- 
ries. Closely  in 
touch  with  the 
people  he  un- 
derstands their 
needs  and  has 
the  intelligence 
to  devise  that 
which  will  best 
meet  their 
wants.  His  man- 
agement of  the 
extensi  v  e  a  f- 
fairs  of  the  city 
as  Chairman  of 

MADDEN.  the      Finance 

Committee,   has 

been  characterized  by  the  same  economic  measures 
he  has  evinced  in  the  direction  of  the  business  of  his 
company  and  of  his  own  private  affairs.  He  is  hon- 
est, straightforward,  active,  energetic,  a  tireless 
worker  and  a  true  friend,  quick  in  conception  and 
In  action,- possessed  of  exceptional  organizing  tact 
and  executive  force.  Having  the  advantage  of  youth, 
with  great  experience  and  sound  judgment,  he  is  a 
leader  who  directs  to  greater  results,  and  his  future 
is  one  of  infinite  promise.  Yet  a  young  man,  scarcely 
forty,  honored  and  trusted  by  all  who  know  him,  he 
may  properly  expect  his  fellow-citizens  to  call  him 
to  much  higher  stations  than  any  he  has  filled  here- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


tofore.  Whatever  his  future,  the  record  he  has  al- 
ready made  confirms  the  confidence  of  his  friends  that 
he  will  worthily  discharge  any  trust,  however  great, 
that  may  be  given  into  his  keeping. 


ADOLPH  KARPEN. 

We  herewith  present  a  portrait  of  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative business  men  of  Chicago.  Mr.  Adolph  Kar- 
pen,  born  in  Germany  in  1860,  came  to  this  country 
when  only  twelve  years  of  age;  and,  in  1880,  united 
with  his  two  brothers,  Oscar  and  Soloman,  to  form 
the  firm  of  S.  Karpen  &  Bros.,  in  the  manufacture 
of  upholstered  goods.  The  firm  now  employs  from 
400  to  450  people  and  turns  out  more  upholstered 
goods  than  any  similar  concern  in  America.  It  re- 


ADOLPH  KARPEN. 

ceived  the  highest  awards  at  the  World's  Fair  and 
universal  praise  from  the  trade  for  the  excellency 
of  its  product. 

Mr.  Karpen  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Athletic 
Association;  president  of  the  Chicago  Furniture 
Manufacturers'  Association;  belongs  to  the  Masonic 
fraternity  and  is  respected  by  all  who  are  brought 
in  contact  with  him.  He  has  a  large  and  growing 
circle  of  enthusiastic  friends. 


JACOB    FORSYTH. 

Jacob  Forsyth  came  to  Chicago  from  Ireland  in 
1857,  to  engage  in  the  railroad  business,  having  been 
born  in  that  country  in  1821.  With  unbounded  faith 
in  the  future  of  Chicago.  Mr.  Forsyth,  in  1866,  pur- 
chased 10,000  acres  of  land  in  Lake  County,  Indiana, 
many  miles  south  of  the  city.  In  1881  he  sold  8,000 
acres  of  this  tract  to  the  East  Chicago  Improvement 
Company,  the  land  at  that  time  having  become  ex- 
tremely valuable.  The  present  Canal  &  Improve- 
ment Company  came  into  possession  in  1887.  In  1881. 
Mr.  Forsyth  bought  another  large  tract  near  his 
former  purchase.  The  immense  refining  works  of  the 
Standard  Oil  Company,  at  Whiting,  stand  on  a  por- 
tion of  this  land.  Mr.  Forsyth's  sound  judgment  in 


real  estate  matters  has  practically  vindicated  itself  in 
an  extremely  profitable  manner.  Mr.  Forsyth  married 
Miss  Caroline  M.  Clarke,  of  Fayette  County,  Penn- 
sylvania, a  sister  of  General  H.  F.  Clarke,  of  the 
United  States  Army,  and  is  the  happy  father  of  nine 
children,  five  of  whom  are  boys  and  four  girls. 


DANIEL  B.  ROBINSON. 

Daniel  B.  Robinson  was  born  at  St.  Albans,  Ver- 
mont, in  1847,  and  entered  the  railway  service  at 
eleven  years  of  age,  rising  through  almost  every  grade 
from  a  freight  clerk  on  the  Central  Vermont  Rail- 
road up  to  president  of  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco 
Railroad  Company,  a  position  which  he  now  holds. 
Here  is  a  typical  instance  where  steady  application 
and  faithful  service  has  brought  a  steady  and  per- 
manent promotion  just  in  proportion  to  the  length  of 
service.  The  railroads  of  the  country  are  always 
on  the  lookout  for  those  who,  by  faithful  and  efficient 
service,  make  themselves  worthy  of  promotion;  and 
such  need  not  to  lack  for  employment. 


FRANK  T.  FOWLER. 

Mr.  Frank  T.  Fowler,  although  one  of  Chicago's 
young  men,  has  attained  a  reputation  and  fame 
which  many  an  older  one  may  well  envy.  He  was 
born  at  Beverly,  Ohio,  in  1866.  He  early  displayed  a 


FRANK   T.    FOWLER. 

love  of  mechanics  and  an  aptitude  for  invention.  He 
came  to  Chicago  at  twenty  years  of  age  and  accepted 
the  first  situation  that  offered,  although  it  paid  only 
$4.50  per  week.  He  afterward  obtained  a  situation 
with  The  Crane  Elevator  Company,  where  he  re- 
mained for  three  years,  eventually  abandoning  it  to 
engage  in  the  manufacture  of  bicycles.  Here  his 
natural  genius  for  invention  was  turned  to  good  ac- 
count. His  truss  frame  has  become  famous  through- 
out the  world.  The  Fowler  wheel  is  a  marvel  of 
strength  and  beauty.  Its  success  has  been  second  to 
none  in  the  market.  The  sextuplet  wheel,  built  by 
the  Fowler  Manufacturing  Company,  is  a  complete 


66 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


demonstration  of  the  superiority  of  the  Fowler  truss 
frame  over  all  others. 

CHAS.  KAESTNER  &  CO. 

This  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  responsible  ma 
chinery  houses  in  the  city.  The  firm  was  established 
in  1863;  has  grown  with  the  growth  of  the  city,  and 
ships  its  product  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  It  manu- 
factures machinery  for  breweries,  malt  houses,  distil- 
leries, starch  works,  glucose  works,  sugar  refineries 


ter,  England,  Mercantile  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance 
Company  of  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Harvey  is  manager 
for  the  Western  Department  of  the  Mutual  Fire  In- 
surance Company  of  New  York. 

PETER  E.  STUDEBAKER. 

Peter  E.  Studebaker,  second  vice  president,  treasurer 
and  general  manager  of  the  great  Studebaker  Bros. 
Manufacturing  Company,  was  born  in  Ashland  Coun- 
ty, Ohio,  from  whence  his  parents  removed,  in  his  in- 
fancy, to  South  Bend,  Indiana.  Peter's  early  advan- 
tages were  limited.  While  his  brothers  were  attend- 
ing school  or  learning  a  trade,  Peter  was  his  mother's 
errand  boy.  Then  he  set  out  from  home  to  make  his 
own  way.  He  spent  a  year  as  clerk  in  a  small  store 


CHAS.    KAESTNER    &    CO.'S    BUILDING. 

and  other  manufacturing  interests.  We  present  here- 
with an  illustration  of  its  magnificent  building,  built 
with  special  reference  to  the  needs  of  the  firm.  It  is 
situated  on  Jefferson  street,  south  of  Van  Buren  and 
runs  through  to  Law  avenue,  covering  an  area  of  45,- 
000  square  feet.  It  is  equipped  throughout  with  elec- 
tric power  and  light  and  is,  beyond  question,  one  of 
the  most  complete  plants  in  the  country.  Messrs. 
Kaestner  &  Co.  make  a  specialty  of  complete  plants, 
including  buildings  guaranteeing  capacities  and  costs. 
Parties  requiring  the  services  of  experts  in  their  line 
will  do  well  to  correspond  with  them. 

GEORGE  M.  HARVEY. 

George  M.  Harvey,  of  the  firm  of  George  M.  Harvey 
&  Co.,  was  born  at  Niagara-on-the-Lake,  Canada,  of 
English  and  Scotch  parents;  and  was  educated  at 
1'hillip's  Academy.  He  entered  the  insurance  office 
of  Rounds  &  Hall,  Buffalo,  at  fourteen.  He  came  to 
Chicago  in  1870  and  engaged  with  S.  M.  Moore  &  Co. 
founding  his  present  firm  about  1882.  It  represents 
the  following  companies:  Mutual  Fire  Insurance 
Company  of  New  York.  Globe  Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany of  New  York,  L.  &  L.  &  G.  Insurance  Company 
of  England.  Palatine  Insurance  Company  of  Manches- 


PETER  E.   STUDEBAKER. 


for  $25,  and  in  the  time  managed  to  save  a  dollar. 
From  this  he  started  out  as  a  peddler.  While  his 
father  and  brothers  were  laying  the  foundation  of  the 
great  manufacturing  enterprise  at  South  Bend,  Peter 
was  developing  other  qualities  which  were  to  prove 
just  as  important.  He  was  learning  practical  business, 
which  became  an  element  of  vast  power  in  the  final 
success  of  the  South  Bend  institution.  It  was  finally 
through  the  executive  ability  manifested  by  Peter  thai 
the  Studebaker  works  became  world  famous. 

Peter  E.  Studebaker  is  now  a  recognized  leader 
among  the  large  body  of  American  manufacturers. 
Since  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Chicago  he  has  taken 
a  great  interest  in  local  charities.  He  has  been  the 
staunch  friend  of  the  Waif's  Mission  and  has  contrib- 
uted to  many  other  eleemosynary  institutions;  so  that 
he  has  come  to  be  known  as  one  of  the  largest  hearted 
and  most  generous  men  of  Chicago,  one  whose  heart  is 
always  open  to  the  cry  of  the  needy. 

THE    STUDEBAKER   BUILDING, 
MICHIGAN  AVENUE 

It  stands  upon  an  area  of  107x171  feet.  The  first 
two  stories  (the  building  being  eight  stories  high)  is 
of  Syenite  granite,  from  the  quarries  in  Missouri. 
From  the  third  story  up  it  is  composed  of  Bedford 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


67 


stone,  and  is  in  modern  architecture  as  fine  a  facade 
as  can  well  be  designed.  The  structure  presents  a 
massive  appearance.  There  are  two  polished  columns 


THE    STUDEDAKER    BUILDING,    MICHIGAN   AVENUE    BE- 
TWEEN VAN   BUREN  AND  CONGRESS  STREETS. 

at  the  large  entrance  resting  on  pedestals  measuring 
each  nearly  four  feet  in  diameter,  and  twenty-two  feet 
high.  The  ground  floor  has,  so  to  speak,  a  glass  front. 
The  interior,  so  far  as  pertains  to  finish  and  decora- 
tion, is  in  excellent  harmony  with  the  building;  there 


keepers,  telephone  chamber  and  private  consultation 
rooms,  the  shipping  and  entry  clerks'  offices,  the  main 
part  of  this  floor  being  employed  as  the  repository  of 
their  several  styles  of  carriages,  coaches,  victorias, 
landaus,  carts  and  vehicles. 


SOUTH  BEND,  IND. 

The  firm  of  Studebaker  Bros.'  Manufacturing  Co. 
began  business  in  a  small  shop  in  1852.  A  few  tools 
and  $68  in  cash  constituted  its  capital.  During  the 
first  year  the  output  amounted  to  two  wagons.  The 
annual  product  now  is  about  fifty  thousand  vehicles. 
The  growth  was  at  first  slow.  Twelve  years  found 
them  making  a  few  wagons,  but  struggling  for  recog- 
nition abroad.  In  1857,  a  contract  for  wagons  for  the 
use  of  the  United  States  troops  in  Utah  gave  them 
their  first  strong  impetus.  The  company  was  incor- 
porated in  1868;  and  the  force  of  workmen  increased 
year  by  year,  by  natural  accretions,  until  those  em- 
ployed at  home  and  at  the  various  branches  reached 
a  total  of  1,860  men. 

While  the  construction  of  vehicles  by  the  Stude- 
bakers  was  at  first  confined  to  wagons,  they  very  early 
engaged  also  in  carriage  making,  especially  of  the  me- 
dium and  high  grades.  The  works  are  employed  in 
the  production  of  all  the  leading  kinds  of  vehicles,  em- 
bracing every  variety  in  common  use,  for  pleasure  or 
road  driving,  from  the  state  landau  of  a  president, 
down.  In  wagons,  every  variety  in  demand,  for  the 
farm,  the  mountain,  the  mine,  the  plain,  and  for  busi- 
ness use  in  cities,  are  here  turned  out.  A  very  im- 
portant branch  is  also  the  manufacture  of  street 
sprinklers,  for  which  the  Studebaker  Company  has 
become  known  the  country  over. 


THE  NEW  STUDEBAKER  BUILDING. 
WABASH  AVENUE,   CHICAGO. 

The  building  fronts  120  feet  on  Wabash  avenue,  and 
has  a  depth  to  the  alley  of  170  feet,  and  is  ten  stories 
and  basement  in  height.  To  properly  support  a  struc- 


^  .' 


THE    STUDEBAKER  WORKS.    SOUTH    HEND. 


is  nothing  cheap  about  it;  the  walls  and  ceilings  are 
all  hand  plastered  and  ornamented  in  latest  designs. 
The  floors  are  all  of  hard  wood,  polished  and  finished 
in  the  best  manner.  On  the  north  side  of  the  'build- 
ing is  an  arch  passageway,  which  allows  a  side  en- 
trance to  the  office  and  first  floor.  On  this  floor  are 
also  the  offices  of  the  company,  the  cashier,  book- 


ture  of  its  weight,  great  care  was  bestowed  upon  its 
foundation.  Heavy  piles  45  feet  long  were  driven  down 
to  hard-pan  to  a  depth  of  61  feet  below  the  street 
level,  and  cut  off  16  feet  below  grade  and  capped  with 
timber  grillage  below  city  datum  and  lowest  sewer 
point.  Upon  the  grillage  the  heavy  stone  foundation 
wall  and  piers  were  started. 


68 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


The  front  is  a  very  graceful  and  ornamental  design, 
in  French  Gothic,  and  built  entirely  of  white  terra 
cotta  and  plate  glass.  The  important  consideration  of 
light  has  been  the  governing  influence  in  the  design. 

The  structure  is  of  steel  beams  and  steel  Z  bar  col- 


ITU} 


THE     NEW     STUDEBAKER     BUILDING,     WABASH     AVE., 
CHICAGO. 

umns,  all  embedded  in  brick,  concrete  and  fireproof 
tile.  The  floor  systems  are  of  advanced  type,  heavy 
steel  wires  are  strung  from  end  to  end  of  building  on 
the  suspension-bridge  principle,  and  Portland  cement 
concrete  is  laid  between  the  steel  beams,  thoroughly 
encasing  them,  and  supported  by  the  steel  wires. 


RESIDENCE    OF     MR.     CLEM     STUDEBAKER    AT    SOUTH 
BEND. 

This  house,  in  its  proportions  and  appointments, 
probably  surpasses  anything  in  Indiana.  The  material 
is  native  cobble  stone,  irregular  in  form  and  varied  in 


color.  It  stands  upon  a  natural  elevation,  surrounded 
by  smoothly  shaved  lawns,  which  slope  to  the  north 
and  east,  and  are  broken  here  and  there  by  beds  of 
brilliant  flowers.  There  are  several  fine  old  oaks  to 
the  south  and  east.  With  its  massive  walls,  its  tur- 
rets, and  the  irregular  roof,  it  looks  like  some  feudal 
castle  which  has  been  set  down  in  the  midst  of  a  busy 
nineteenth  century  town;  and  yet  it  produces  no  effect 
of  incongruity. 

CHARLES  H.  WACKER. 

Charles  H*  Wacker  was  born  in  Chicago  in  1856. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  public  and  high 
schools  of  this  city,  attending  the  Lake  Forest  Acad- 
emy, and,  for  several  terms,  a  business  college.  He 
studied  music  at  the  conservatory  at  Stuttgart;  and 
attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Geneva,  in 


CHAS.  H.  WACKER. 

Switzerland.  He  began  business  life  as  an  office  boy 
with  Moeller  &  Co.,  of  Chicago,  in  the  grain  com- 
mission business.  In  1880,  he  was  taken  into  partner- 
ship by  his  father  in  the  malting  business,  under  the 
style  of  F.  Wacker  &  Son.  In  1882,  the  Wacker  <& 
Birk  Brewing  and  Malting  Company  was  organized,  of 
which  Charles  H.  Wacker  became  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. In  1884,  he  was  elected  president  and  treasurer, 
which  he  has  held  ever  since. 

He  was  nominated  in  1888  on  the  Democratic  ticket 
for  State  treasurer.  He  has  been  tendered  many  posi- 
tions of  trust  and  honor,  but  has  always  declined  to 
enter  politics,  on  account  of  the  pressure  of  private 
business. 

He  is  a  director  in  the  Corn  Exchange  Bank,  the 
Chicago  Title  and  Trust  Company,  the  Western  Stone 
Company,  Germania  Safe  Deposit  Company,  and 
president  of  the  Chicago  Heights  Land  Association. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Athletic  Association,  the  Art 
Institute,  the  Turn  Gemeinde,  and  several  German 
singing  societies,  besides  being  a  member  of  the  Iro- 
quois,  Waubansee,  Union  League,  Germania,  Union, 
Bankers',  Fellowship,  and  German  Press  Clubs. 

Mr:  Wacker  married  Miss  Otillie  M.  Glade,  on  May 
10.  1887,  and  has  two  sons — Frederick  G.  and  Charles 
H.  He  is  a  gentleman  of  deserved  popularity  with  all 
classes  and  a  prominent  figure  in  the  best  develop- 
ment of  his  native  city. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


ADOLPH  SCHOENINGER. 

Adolph  Schoeninger,  President  of  the  Home  Rattan 
Company  and  formerly  President  of  the  Western 
Wheel  Works,  may  be  taken  as  a  fair  type  of  the  sell- 
made  man  of  Chicago.  He  was  born  at  Wiel,  one  of 
the  old  free  cities  of  Schwaben,  on  January  20,  1833. 
He  received  a  liberal  education  in  his  native  country, 
passing  through  the  high  schools,  from  whence  he 
entered  a  large  dry-goods  house  conducted  by  his 
uncle,  David  Gall,  of  Rastadt,  Baden.  Here  he  was 
entered  as  an  apprentice,  but  proving  his  worth  by 
his  work,  he  rapidly  rose  to  the  position  of  head  sales- 
man. Here  he  was  enabled  to  obtain  an  insight 
into  business  correspondence,  bookkeeping,  and  oth- 
e  r  branches  o  f 
mercantile  life. 
Of  all  this  he 
availed  himself 
eagerly  ;  and 
when,  after  seven 
years  of  service, 
he  resigned  his 
position,  he  con- 
sidered himself 
thoroughly  pro- 
ficient in  all 
branched  of  mer- 
cantile affairs. 

During  Mr. 
S  c  h  o  e  n  inger's 
residence  in  Ba- 
den, B  r  e  n  t  ano 
was  named  Dic- 
tator, and  our 
young  merchant 
witnessed  the 
court-martial  and 
execution  by  the 
Prussians,  after 
they  had  taken 
possession,  of  a 
number  of  men 
innocent  of  any 
crime  save  their 
failure  to  free 
their  people  of 
the  oppressors. 
This  produced 
such  an  impres- 
sion upon  his 
mind  that  he  de- 
termined to  emi- 
grate to  America. 
In  1854,  in  com- 
pany  with  a 
younger  brother, 
Mr.  Schoeninger 
set  out.  He  came 
to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  found 
employment  i  n 

various  business  houses  until  1857,  when  he  started 
in  business  for  himself.  In  this  he  was  prosperous, 
which  gave  him  entre  into  many  of  the  German  socie- 
ties of  both  social  and  benevolent  character,  where  he 
soon  became  prominent.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
late  Civil  War,  he  was  offered  command  of  a  com- 
pany in  the  Seventy-fifth  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  which  he  accepted.  Here  he  rendered 
gallant  service  until  1864,  when  he  returned  to  Phila- 
delphia, only  to  find  himself  penniless. 

He  now  decided  to  locate  in  the  West,  and  came 
to  Chicago,  and  obtained  employment  with  Albert 
Pick,  in  the  chinaw°re  business,  where  he  remained 
for  one  year.  He  then  started  a  small  furniture  fac- 


ADOLPH    SCHOENINGER. 


tory  on  Desplaines  street;  but  this  was  destroyed  by 
fire  a  year  later.  In  the  fall  of  1866,  Mr.  Schoeninger 
took  charge,  on  his  own  account,  of  a  factory  previ- 
ously run  by  Vergho,  Ruhling  &  Co.,  for  the  manu- 
facture of  toys,  baby  carriages,  etc.  Under  his  manage- 
ment it  steadily  increased  until  the  great  fire  of  1871, 
which  laid  everything  in  ashes,  including  a  new  fac- 
tory which  had  just  been  completed.  As  his  insur- 
ance had  all  been  placed  in  home  companies,  he  lost 
all,  because  the  magnitude  of  the  fire  was  enough  to 
destroy  them  all.  Mr.  Schoeninger  again  faced  dis- 
aster, as  he  had  so  often  done  before,  with  an  un- 
daunted courage.  He  had  made  for  himself  a  reputa- 
tion for  honesty  and  integrity  which  was  now  of 
value.  A  banking  firm  in  Europe,  knowing  his  rep- 
utation, offered 
him  financial  as- 
sistance, with 
which  he  rebuilt 
his  factories  and 
had  his  engines 
running  again 
January  1,  1872, 
in  less  than  three 
months.  The  fol- 
lowing February 
he  made  his  first 
shipment.  Since 
then  his  success 
has  been  phe- 
nomenal. Within 
three  years  he 
had  repaid  h  i  s 
creditors  from 
before  the  fire, 
and  within  ten 
years  he  had  re- 
paid every  dollar 
borrowed  for  the 
rebuilding  of  his 
works.  He  had 
also  made  exten- 
sive enlarge- 
ments, which 
have  gone  on 
since,  until  the 
Western  Wheel 
Works  has  come 
to  be  the  largest 
•wheel  manufac- 
tory in  the  United 
States.  It  em- 
ploys 1,500  men, 
mostly  in  the 
manufacture  of 
bicycles,  of  which 
it  turns  out  350 
per  day.  It  re- 
cently made  one 
shipment  of  one 
solid  trainload  of 
fifteen  cars,  load- 
ed solely  with  bicycles,  from  the  Western  Wheel 
Works  to  its  general  store  in  New  York,  the  shipment 
representing  over  $100,000  in  value. 

Mr.  Schoeninger  has  now  transferred  his  interests 
in  the  Western  Wheel  Works  to  his  sons-in-law,  and  has 
retired  from  this  part  of  the  business  which  he  has 
built  up. 

In  1893,  Mr.  Schoeninger  established  the  Home 
Rattan  Co.,  for  the  manufacture  of  baby  car- 
riages, chairs,  toy  furniture,  and  other  reed  and  rat- 
tan goods.  This  has  also  met  with  the  usual 
success  that  has  attended  Mr.  Schoeninger's  other 
ventures.  He  has  since  added  the  manufacture  of 
juvenile  bicycles,  which  now  makes  such  a  demand 


70 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


upon  the  company's  resources  that  it  is  found  almost 
impossible  to  meet  that  demand.  In  all  his  great 
work,  he  is  assisted  by  his  nephew,  Louis,  and  Henry 
Riehmann  and  the  superintendent  of  the  factory,  Mr. 
Henry  Henneberg,  an  old-time  associate  in  business 
with  Mr.  Schoeninger. 

Mr.  Schoeninger  was  married  August  20,  1857,  to 
Miss  Augusta  Riehmann,  of  Philadelphia.  They  had 
three  children — one  son  and  two  daughters.  One  mar- 
ried daughter  and  the  son  died.  In  the  loss  of  his  son 
Mr.  Schoeninger  suffered  the  greatest  disappointment 
of  his  life.  He  had  hoped  that  he  would  succeed  him 
in  his  business  and  perpetuate  his  name.  His  loss  has 
rendered  him  well-nigh  inconsolable.  He  has  now 
transferred  his  hopes  and  affections  to  his  little 
grandson,  Adolph  Schoeninger,  the  child  of  his  son. 
The  remaining  daughter,  the  wife  of  Richard  Boer- 
icke,  of  the  Western 
Wheel  Works,  also  has  a 
son,  who  shares,  in  a 
large  measure,  the  affec- 
tions of  his  grandfather. 

B.  F.  JACOBS. 

Mr.  B.  P.  Jacobs  for 
many  years  has  been  one 
of  the  foremost  real-es- 
tate men  of  the  city.  His 
firm  is  agent  for  the 
new  Atwood  Building, 
and  is  a  large  dealer  in 
and  subdivider  of  Chi- 
cago property. 

Mr.  Jacobs  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  1854,  and  immedi- 
ately identified  •  himself 
most  actively  with  the 
business  interests  of  the 
city,  as  well  as  various 
lines  of  benevolent  and 
patriotic  worR.  His  abil- 
ities have  not  only  given 
him  a  goodly  measure  of 
business  success,  but  have 
made  him  an  honored 
leader  in  movements  of 
world-wide  interest  and 
importance. 

ISAAC  N.  CAMP, 


Isaac  N.Camp  was  born 
in  E  1  m  o  r  e  ,  Lamoille 
County,  Vermont,  Decem- 
ber 19,  1831.  He  is  the 
son  of  Abel  and  Charlotte 
(Taplin)  Camp,  both  of 
whom  were  natives  of  the 
Green  Mountain  State.  He 
prepared  for  college  at 


firm  became  Estey  &  Camp,  under  which  style  it  con- 
tinued until  it  was  incorporated.  The  business  was 
commenced  with  a  small  capital,  but  by  energy,  per- 
severence,  and  enterprise  the  firm  'became  one  of  the 
most  substantial  and  reputable  in  the  city  of  Chicago; 
and,  at  the  time  of  Mr.  Story's  withdrawal,  its  capital 
exceeded  half  a  million  dollars,  he  receiving  as  his 
portion  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  The 
capital  of  the  firm  to-day  amounts  to  something  over 
one  million  dollars. 

Mr.  Camp  was  always  prominently  connected 
with  public  enterprises,  long  being  a  director  in  the 
Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  and  of  the  Chicago 
Guarantee  Life  Association,  and  also  of  the  Royal 
Safety  Deposit  Company.  In  April,  1891,  he  was 
elected  a  director  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposi- 
tion, and  was  a  member  of  its  Committee  on  Agri- 


UESIUENCE   OK  ADOLl'II  SCIIOKXINUER,   IN*)  MELRO8E  STKEKT. 


Bakersfield  Academy,  Ver- 
mont, paying  for  his  board  by  teaching  music.  At  the 
age  of  twenty  he  entered  the  University  of  Vermont, 
and  earned  in  his  spare  time  the  money  required  to 
meet  his  current  expenses.  After  four  years  he  grad- 
uated with  the  class  of  1856.  He  was  then  offered  and 
accepted  a  position  as  assistant  principal  in  the  Barre 
Academy.  Here  he  remained,  teaching  mathematics 
and  music,  until  1860,  when  he  became  principal  of  the 
high  school  at  Burlington,  Vermont,  a  position  which 
he  filled  until  his  removal  to  Chicago,  in  1868.  form- 
ing a  partnership  with  Mr.  H.  L.  Story,  under  the  style 
of  Story  &  Camp.  This  partnership  continued  until  the 
spring  of  1884,  when  the  Estey  Organ  Company  pur- 
chased Mr.  Story's  interest  in  the  business,  and  the 


culture  and  Liberal  Arts,  ably  assisting  its  work. 

Mr.  Camp  has  traveled  extensively  with  his  family, 
both  in  Europe  and  the  United  States.  In  personal  ap- 
pearance he  was  of  medium  height,  with  fair  complex- 
ion and  of  robust  physique.  He  had  a  pleasing  pres- 
ence and  address,  and  was  social  and  genial  in  man- 
ner. He  was  a  man  of  generous  impulses,  and  con- 
tributed generously  to  church,  charitable  and  benevo- 
lent enterprises.  The  architect  of  his  own  fortunes, 
he  built  up  a  large  and  solid  business;  and.  as  a  citi- 
zen of  Chicago,  he  was  always  deservedly  popular  and 
highly  esteemed. 

Mr.  Camp  died  at  Lake  Geneva,  Wisconsin,  his 
summer  home,  on  Sunday  morning.  July  12.  1896.  His 
death  was  so  sudden  and  unexpected  that  it  pro- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


71 


duced  a  severe  shock  to  his  family  and  a  wide  circle 
of  loving  friends.  He  had  been  boat  riding  on  the 
lake  on  Saturday  morning,  when  he  was  attacked  with 
severe  pains  in  the  stomach.  These  continued  all  day. 
At  11  P.  M.  he  retired,  hoping  that  sleep  would  restore 
him.  At  3  A.  M..  on  Sunday,  anxious  friends  thought 
to  see  how  he  was  resting,  and  found  him  cold  in 
death. 

Mr.  Camp  was  a  member  of  Union  Park  Congrega- 


I.  N.  CAMP. 

tional  Church  and  president  of  its  board  of  trustees. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  many  social  clubs  and 
benevolent  organizations.  He  was  married  January 
1,  1862,  to  Miss  Flora  M.  Carpenter,  daughter  of  Hon. 
Carlos  Carpenter,  of  Barre,  Vermont.  Three  of  the 
four  children  born  of  the  union  are  still  living:  Mrs. 
M.  A.  Farr,  a  daughter;  the  oldest  son,  Edward  N.,  and 
the  youngest,  William  Carpenter  Camp. 

WINFIELD  NEWELL  SATTLEY. 

Winfield  N.  Sattley,  the  general  Western  manager 
oj  the  Manhattan  Life  Insurance  Company,  whose 
portrait  is  herewith  shown,  is  recognized  among  in- 
surance men  as  a  man  of  conspicuous  ability,  so 
marked  as  to  make  him  a  leader  in  his  business.  He 
is  eminently  a  self-made  man.  Whatever  he  has 
achieved  has  been  by  his  own  native  energy  and  in- 
domitable perseverance.  He  started  a  poor  boy,  with 
no  fortune  but  his  own  sterling  qualities.  He  has  won 
his  way  in  spite  of  every  difficulty.  He  was  born  in 
Vermont;  obtained  only  a  meagre  schooling  and  be- 
gan the  study  of  the  law.  In  order  to  earn  the  money 
to  prosecute  his  studies  he  took  a  position  with  the 
Vermont  Life  Insurance  Company;  but  young  Sattley 
applied  himself  so  diligently  and  acquitted  himself  so 
well  that,  instead  of  his  position  being  temporary,  it 
became,  in  a  measure,  permanent.  In  1881  he  was  sent 
to  Chicago  by  the  company  as  general  agent  for  Illi- 
nois. Here  he  attracted  the  attention  of  other  com- 
panies on  the  lookout  for  men  of  talent,  and  he  was 
appointed  general  agent  of  the  Massachusetts  Mutual 
in  1884,  a  position  which  he  held  for  three  years.  He 
was  then  offered  and  accepted  a  position  as  superin- 
tendent of  agencies  of  the  New  York  Life  Company 


for  Illinois.  This  he  again  resigned  in  1889  to  accept 
the  general  management  of  the  western  business  of 
the  Manhattan  Life  Insurance  Company.  By  the  same 


1 


* 

•<• 


W.   N.    SATTLEY. 

zeal  and  energy  which  he  has  always  displayed  in 
other  cases,  he  has  been  enabled  to  largely  increase 
the  business  of  the  company,  notwithstanding  all  the 
unfavorable  conditions  of  general  business. 


J.  M.  W.  JONES. 

Mr.  J.  M.  W.  Jones,  the  master  spirit  in  the  J.  M. 
W.  Jones  Stationery  and  Printing  Company,  was  born 
in  Hoosack,  Rensselaer  County.  New  York,  January 


72 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


22,  1821.  He  has  been  a  resident  of  Chicago  since 
1857,  and  during  the  whole  period  since  has  been 
identified  with  the  printing  and  stationery  business. 

THOMAS  STEWART  QUINCEY. 

Thomas  Stewart  Quincey  is  a  good  type  of  the  ac- 
tive, pushing,  self-made  man.  He  was  born  in  Bel- 
ville,  Ont.,  May  28,  1852.  From  his  earliest  'boyhood 
he  has  been  compelled  to  look  out  for  himself.  What- 
ever of  schooling  he  obtained  was  before  he  was 
twelve  years  of  age  and  in  his  native  town.  He  was 
completely  thrown  on  his  own  resources.  He  obtained 
a  situation  as  commercial  traveler;  and  in  that  ca- 
pacity, came  to  Chicago.  Since  1875  he  has  made  this 


THE  STAR  ACCIDENT  COMPANY'S  BUILDING, 
856  DEARBORN  STREET. 

his  home.  He  was  active  in  the  organization  of  the 
Northwestern  Commercial  Traveler's  Life  and  Acci- 
dent Insurance  Company,  and  was  elected  its  manager. 
It  came  to  absorb  his  entire  time.  He  has  now  be- 
come secretary  and  manager  of  the  Star  Accident 


Company  of  Chicago,  whose  handsome  new  building 
herewith  shown,  is  a  conspicuous  ornament  to  Dear- 
born street,  and  the  city  of  Chicago. 

Mr.  Quincey  is  a  member  of  the  Oakland  and  Re- 
view clubs,  and  first  lieutenant  of  Cavalry  Troop  A, 


1*^ 


<lfi* 


Illinois  National  Squadron.  He  was  in  command  of 
the  Chicago  Hussars,  stationed  at  the  stock  yards 
during  the  Pullman  strike.  He  is  married  and  resides 
at  472  Forty-second  street. 

JOSEPH  THATCHER  TORRENCE. 

General  Joseph  T.  Torrence  was  born  in  Mercer 
County,  Pa.,  March  15,  1843.  He  was  employed 
for  three  years  in  a  blast  furnace  at  Sharpsburg, 
Md.,  owned  by  Mr.  John  P.  Agnew.  From  here  he 
went  to  Briar  Hill,  Ohio,  where  he  worked  again 
in  a  furnace  until  he  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade, 
becoming  assistant  foreman  before  he  was  seventeen 
years  old.  It  was  here  he  obtained  a  practical  knowl- 
edge of  mechanics.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war 
he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Fifth 
Ohio  Infantry.  He  was  wounded  at  Perryville  four 
times  and  was  granted  an  honorable  discharge  from 
the  army,  with  a  life  pension.  He  returned  to  Ohio 
just  before  the  famous  raid  of  General  Morgan  into 
the  state.  Although  suffering  from  his  wounds,  he 
promptly  took  command  of  a  volunteer  force  and  as- 
sisted in  the  pursuit  and  capture  of  the  rebel. 

During  the  next  five  years  Mr.  Torrence  was  em- 
ployed by  Reis,  Brown  &  Berger,  at  New  Castle,  Pa., 
first  in  charge  of  their  furnaces  and  later  managing 
the  sales  of  their  entire  product. 

In  1869,  Mr.  Torrence  removed  to  Chicago,  where 
he  took  charge  of  the  furnaces  of  the  Chicago  Iron 
Works:  and  a  year  later,  became  connected  with  the 
Joliet  Iron  and  Steel  Company:  built  furnaces  at  De- 
pere,  Wis.,  and  Menominee,  Mich.,  and  acted  as  con- 
sulting engineer  for  the  Green  Bay  &  Bangor  Furnace 
Company,  at  Chicago.  He  was  also  made  colonel  of 
the  Second  Regiment  of  the  Illinois  Guards,  and  was 
promoted  to  brigadier  general  of  the  First  Brigade. 
Since  1881,  General  Torrence  has  been  instrumental 
in  the  promotion  of  several  great  enterprises,  such  as 


74 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


the  organization  of  the  Joseph  H.  Brown  Iron  and 
Steel  Company,  on  the  Calumet  River;  the  South 
Chicago  and  Western  Indiana  Railroad;  the  Chicago 
and  Calumet  Terminal  Railway  Company;  the  Calu- 
met Canal  and  Improvement  Company;  the  Standard 
Steel  and  Iron  Company,  and  the  Chicago  Elevated 
Terminal  Railway  Company. 

General  Torrence  is  a  Republican  in  politics;  takes 
a  lively  interest  in  all  public  questions,  and  is  a  born 
leader  of  men.  He  is  generous  to  a  fault,  his  hand 
always  being  open  to  help  the  deserving.  He  was 
married  September  11,  1872,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Nor- 


GBN.    JOSEPH   T.    TORRENCE. 

ton,  daughter  of  Jesse  O.  Norton,  of  Chicago.  One 
daughter  blessed  the  union.  Mrs.  Torrence  died  Oc- 
tober 12,  1891,  the  result  of  an  accident  while  taking 
a  drive  with  her  daughter.  She  was  mourned  by  a 
wide  circle  of  devoted  friends. 


WILLIAM   HOUSER  GRAY. 

William  Houser  Gray  was  born  at  Piqua,  Ohio,  Sep- 
tember 23,  1847.  He  graduated  from  the  Piqua  High 
School  and  entered  the  Denison  University,  where  he 
remained  for  three  years.  His  father,  being  engaged 
in  building,  William  assisted  him  for  a  time  after 
completing  his  education,  until  an  opening  presented 
itself  on  the  Lake  Erie  and  Western  Railroad  as  civil 
engineer.  When  the  company  failed.  William  went 
into  the  lumber  business  at  Piqua  until  1871.  He 
then  became  interested  in  life  insurance,  in  which  he 
developed  rare  abilities.  In  1877  he  organized  the 
Knights  Templar  and  Masonic  Aid  Association  of  Cin- 
cinnati, which,  under  his  management,  became  the 
leading  company  of  its  class  in  the  United  States.  In 
1883  he  withdrew  from  the  company  and  came  to  Chi- 
cago; and.  in  the  spring  of  1884  organized  the  Knights 
Templars  and  Masonic  Life  Indemnity  Company  of 
Chicago,  of  which  he  became  a  director  and  general 
manager.  Its  history  has  been  one  of  conspicuous 
success  from  the  start.  It  now  stands  as  guarantee 
for  upwards  of  twenty-six  millions  of  dollars  of  insur- 
ance. 

Mr.  Gray  has  also  large  interests  in  other  directions. 


He  took  an  active  part  in  developing  the  natural  gas 
fields  of  Indiana;  is  a  large  holder  of  lands  in  Indiana 
and  also  in  Texas  and  Illinois  and  Arkansas.  He 
originated  the  scheme  of  the  removal  of  the  old  Libby 
prison  of  Richmond,  Va.,  to  Chicago.  He  is  a  mem- 


WILLIAM  H.  GRAY. 

ber  of  the  Union  League  and  Marquette  clubs;    of  St. 
Bernard  Commandery  and  of  other  Masonic  bodies. 

In  religion  Mr.  Gray  is  a  Baptist  and  in  politics  a 
Republican.  He  was  married  February  17,  1881,  to 
Miss  Orpha  E.  Buckingham.  They  have  three  chil- 
dren, Ina,  Willie  and  Ralph  B.  Gray. 

ANDREW  DUNNING. 

Among  the  conspicuous  real  estate  men  in  Chicago, 
Mr.  Andrew  Dunning  occupies  a  high  place.  He  is  es- 
sentially a  self-made  man.  He  served  his  country  in 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  being  mustered  out  as  a  first 
lieutenant  at  the  close  of  the  war.  Since  then  he  has 
devoted  his  energies  to  floriculture  and  real  estate, 
in  both  of  which  he  has  made  a  great  success.  Large 
tracts  of  fertile  lands  throughout  the  state  have  been 
placed  in  his  hands  for  sale.  It  will  pay  investors  to 
call  on  him. 

WILLIAM  W.   KIMBALL. 

William  W.  Kimball,  founder  of  the  piano  and  organ 
making  industries  of  Chicago,  was  born  in  Oxford 
County,  Maine,  in  1828.  The  name  Kimball  is  emi- 
nent as  giving  title  to  the  pioneer  firm  in  the  wholsale 
music  trade  of  the  Northwest;  and  to-day  it  is  gener- 
ally conceded  that  the  establishment  of  the  W.  W. 
Kimball  Company  Is  the  largest  and  most  complete 
of  its  kind  in  the  world.  This  company  was  the  first 
to  manufacture  and  job  organs  in  Chicago,  and  the 
growth  of  the  business  has  always  kept  pace  with  the 
rapid  increase  of  the  city  at  large.  The  floorage  space 
utilized  by  the  firm  covers  over  eleven  acres,  a  fact 
which  speaks  stronger  than  words  as  to  the  vast  busi- 
ness transacted.  In  1857  Mr.  Kimball  began  business 
in  Chicago  as  a  dealer  in  pianos  and  organs  and  seven 
years  later  established  the  wholesale  trade.  Within 
forty-eight  hours  after  the  subsidence  of  the  great 
fire  Mr.  Kimball  had  converted  his  private  residence 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


75 


into  a  musical  warehouse,  with  the  billiard  room  for 
an   office   and   the   barn   for  a   shipping  department. 


W.  W.  KIMBALL. 

What  could  be  more  typical  of  the  energy  of  a  Chi- 
cago business  man? 

JAMES  F.   KEENEY. 

James  F.  Keeney  was  born  at  Cra.wfordsville,  Ind., 
September  15,  1840.  His  parents  moved  to  Des 
Moines.  Iowa,  in  1850,  whore  he  prepared  himself  for 


JAMES   F.   KEENEY. 

college.  He  entered  the  University  of  Rochester,  N. 
Y..  in  1862,  from  which  he  graduated  in  18C6.  He 
studied  law  two  years  and  then  removed  to  Chicago 
in  1868,  and  began  the  real  estate  business. 


His  first  venture  was  the  purchase  of  240  acres  at 
Ravenswood.  South  Evanston  was  next  founded.  He 
built  a  depot,  a  fine  business  block  and  upwards  of 
fifty  large  houses,  which  placed  it  in  the  front  rank 
of  Chicago's  suburbs. 

Mr.  Keeney  was  an  active  promoter  of  the  present 
park  system.  He  bought,  in  1871,  in  Trego  County, 
Kan.,  five  townships  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
which  he  colonized  with  Chicago  and  Eastern  people. 
In  the  center  of  this  tract  he  built  the  city  of  Wa 
Keeney,  the  county  seat  of  Trego  County,  and  se- 
cured for  it  the  U.  S.  land  office,  which  added  much 
to  its  importance. 

Mr.  Keeney  was  elected  to  the  Kansas  Legislature 
in  1878  and  1879,  and  became  a  leader  in  the  House. 
He  was  a  useful  member  of  the  ways  and  means  com- 
mittee. He  was  also  made  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture.  He  was  elected  president  of 
the  State  Fair  in  1880,  held  in  Lawrence,  Kansas,  and 
delivered  the  inaugural  address  at  the  opening  of  the 
fair.  He  returned  to  Chicago  in  1881.  and  again  en- 
tered the  real  estate  business.  Since  then  he  founded 
Hermosa,  and,  in  connection  with  others,  Chicago 
Heights  and  Columbia  Heights,  where  are  located 
many  factories,  and  where  he  still  is  engaged  in 
building  up  this  manufacturing  town. 

HAYMARKET  SQUARE. 

Herewith  we  give  an  illustration  of  one  of  the  old 
landmarks  of  the  city,  as  it  appears  to-day.  In  the 
early  days  it  was  the  place  where  farmers,  from  the 
surrounding  country,  brought  in  their  hay  for  sale 
to  those  who  wished  to  buy.  At  that  time  the  Hay- 
market  Square  was  situated  on  the  very  outskirts  of 
the  city.  The  hay  was  brought,  piled  loosely  on  wag- 
ons, which  here  stood  packed  in  long  rows,  awaiting 
customers.  In  time  other  farm  products  were  brought 
to  the  same  market,  until  now,  business  is  so  changed 
that  little  hay  is  ever  seen  awaiting  purchasers  here. 
But  the  entire  square  is  given  up  to  teams  loaded 
with  garden  truck  brought  here  for  sale.  Hours  be- 
fore daylight  the  arrivals  begin,  until,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  business  a  double  row  of  farm  wagons, 
piled  high  with  all  kinds  of  produce,  extends,  on  each 
side  of  the  square,  from  Desplaines  street  to  Halsted. 
As  fast  as  they  find  buyers  they  drop  out  until,  by 
noon,  there  are  few  to  be  found  where  a  few  hours 
before  there  were  crowds. 

A  double  line  of  street  cars  runs  through  the  mid- 
dle of  the  square;  but  there  still  remains  room 
enough  on  each  side  of  it  for  the  double  row  of  teams 
standing  end  to  end. 

It  was  near  this  famous  Haymarket  that  the  trag- 
edy of  1886  occurred,  known  as  the  Haymarket  riot, 
whore  the  bomb  was  thrown  that  killed  and  wounded 
nearly  a  whole  platoon  of  police  which  attempted  to 
disperse  a  meeting  of  workingmen.  The  statue  near 
the  front  and  right  of  the  picture  is  the  one  erected 
in  memory  of  the  police  that  were  slain  by  the 
bursting  of  that  bomb.  It  stands  near  the  west  line 
of  Desplaines  street  and  at  the  entrance  of  the  square. 

So  that  this  Haymarket  square  is  an  historic  spot. 
Some  of  the  most  eventful  occurrences  have  taken 
place  in  its  vicinity:  and  it  has  seen  all  the  great 
changes  which  have  come  to  the  business  and  social 
life  of  the  great  city.  It  is  full  of  quaint,  startling 
and  even  happy  memories.  It  is  here  that  the  great 
city  and  the  country  meet  day  by  day  in  the  ever- 
lasting clash  of  separate  interests,  to  higgle  the  mar- 
ket over  greens  and  garden  sass.  It  is  in  places  like 
this  that  the  student  of  human  nature  will  find  an  in- 
exhaustable  fund  of  amusement  and  instruction  in 
the  hundreds  of  eager  huxters  who  throng  the  walks 
and  gather  around  the  loaded  wagons.  Here  is  where 
human  nature  manifests  itself  without  the  restraints 
which  surround  society  in  its  more  formal  aspects. 
Here  humanity  stands  unveiled. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


MILWAUKEE  AVENUE. 


Running  northwest  from  the  heart  of  the  city,  far 
away  into  the  suburbs,  is  one  of  the  most  unique 
business  thoroughfares  in  Chicago.  It  has  a  life  and 
character  all  its  own.  It  runs  through  a  great  section 
of  the  city  thickly  settled  by  foreigners,  mostly  Ger- 
mans, Irish  and  Scandinavians,  with  a  considerable 
sprinkling  of  other  nationalities.  These  are  uniform- 
ly honest,  industrious  and  frugal  people,  far  beyond 
the  average.  They  are  among  the  last  to  abandon 
old  habits  and  methods  and  still  cling  tenaciously  to 
their  little  stores  and  shops,  which  line  this  thorough- 
fare to  the  very  outskirts  of  the  city.  They  have  been 
able  to  withstand  the  changes  in  business  methods 
which  have  destroyed  the  small  stores  along  other 
business  streets,  which  were  settled  by  Americans. 
One  of  the  most  striking  and  peculiar  sights  to  be 
seen  in  the  city  is  the  flood  of  humanity  which  pours 
northwestward  along  Milwaukee  avenue  about  six 
o'clock  every  evening  after  the  close  of  business. 
The  walks  are  crowded  on  both  sides  and  often  great 
numbers  take  to  the  roadway  on  foot.  So  great  is 
the  throng  that  it  is  often  impossible  for  pedestrians 
to  make  any  headway  at  all  in  the  opposite  direction. 
One  can  only  take  refuge  in  some  open  doorway  or 
branch  off  to  other  streets,  or  else  wait  until  the 
throng  passes.  This  will  not  be  until  near  seven 
o'clock.  The  throng  is  mostly  made  up  of  people  too 
poor  to  pay  fare  upon  the  street  cars. 

ALBERT  L.  COB. 

A.  L.  Coe  was  born  in  Talmage,  Ohio.  His  early 
life  was  spent  in  Ashtabula  County,  on  the  Western 
Reserve.  He  removed  to  Chicago  in  July,  1853,  en- 
gaging in  the  coal  business,  until  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war.  He  entered  the  service  with  the  Fifty-first 
Illinois  Volunteers,  in  September,  1861,  and  continued 
in  the  service  for  more  than  four  years.  The  firm  of 


proved  successful.  Careful  management  has  added  to 
the  success  of  that  business.  Mr.  Coe  has  been  identi- 
fied with  several  enterprises  of  public  interest.  He 
was  one  of  the  early  members  of  the  Union  League 
Club.  He  has  taken  part  in  the  Citizens'  League,  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  of  which  he  has 
long  been  a  trustee,  and  other  organizations.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  great  Auditorium 
building  enterprise.  He  has  always  -been  actuated  by 
a  desire  to  promote  the  public  good,  rather  than  pri- 
vate gain.  Warm  hearted,  courteous,  and  generous  in 
his  intercourse  with  others,  he  is  an  honor  to  his  call- 
ing, and  to  the  city  of  Chicago.  He  has  a  commanding 
presence,  and  distinguished  appearance,  which  make 
him  a  conspicuous  figure  in  any  gathering,  or  on  the 
street. 


ALBERT    L.    COE. 

Mead  &  Coe,  of  which  Mr.  Coe  is  a  member,  was  or- 
ganized immediately  after  the  war,  and  has  continued 
until  this  time  without  change,  doing  business  in  the 
management  of  estates  for  non-residents;  also  in 
placing  capital  in  loans  and  investments,  which  have 


THE  RELIC  HOUSE. 

This  is  a  place  of  popular  resort  located  near  the 
Center  street  entrance  to  Lincoln  Park.  It  is  literally 
built  of  relics  of  the  great  fire  of  1871;  and  all  around 
the  entrances  and  grounds  are  arranged  some  of  the 


THE   RELIC  HOUSE. 

most  remarkable  specimens,  which  will  well  repay  the 
study  of  the  curious.  Every  visitor  to  Lincoln  Park 
should  make  it  a  point  to  visit  the  Relic  House  while 
in  the  city. 

GRACELAND  CEMETERY. 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  objects  of  interest 
around  Chicago  is  Graceland  Cemetery.  It  ranks  on 
a  par  with  Greenwood  Cemetery  in  Brooklyn,  Forest 
Hill  of  Boston,  and  Spring  Grove  of  Cincinnati.  For 
the  last  fifteen  years  the  new  system  of  cemetery 
adornment  has  been  practiced,  which  discourages  the 
setting  up  of  unsightly  headstones  and  gaudy  monu- 
ments, and  which  cultivates  the  most  pleasing  park 
effects  so  as  to  produce  upon  the  visitor  a  sensation  of 
rest  and  peace.  The  utmost  care  is  taken  in  the  selec- 
tion and  planting  of  every  tree  and  shrub  in  order  to 
preserve  the  most  natural  effects,  strengthen  the  pic- 
turesque and  maintain  a  general  harmony.  No  prun- 
ing is  permitted,  only  the  removal  of  dead  limbs.  Great 
elms  have  been  so  transplanted  as  to  give  dignity  and 


78 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


grace,  so  that  the  cemetery  becomes  an  ideal  park. 
Near  the  chapel  stands  one  of  these  great  elms,  2% 
feet  in  diameter  and  60  feet  in  height.  This  was 
planted  in  1889.  It  was  then  thought  to  be  the  largest 
tree  that  was  ever  transplanted,  but  a  still  larger  one 
has  since  been  planted  at  Graceland. 

The  most  has  been  made  of  all  irregularities  of  sur- 
face, the  treatment  being  such  that  a  slight  elevation 
becomes,  in  effect,  a  hill— much  after  the  Japanese 
method  of  making  a  landscape  of  great  diversity  of 
level,  and  variety  of  scope  within  the  space  of  a  few 


SCENE    IN    GRACELAND   CEMETERY. 

feet,  by  judicious  arrangement  of  surface,  placing  of 
buildings  and  planting.  In  addition  to  all  the  other 
ornamentation  a  beautiful  artificial  lake  has  been 
excavated,  with  the  foliage  on  its  banks  coming  down 
to  the  waters'  edge,  and  with  its  outlines  so  broken 
and  irregular  that  from  no  point  can  the  visitor  see 
it  entire.  On  the  whole,  this  beautiful  spot  must  be 
seen  to  be  appreciated;  and  it  will  repay  the  visitor 
to  Chicago  to  make  a  trip  to  Graceland  Cemetery. 

DUNLAP  SMITH. 

Mr.  Dunlap  Smith  has  had  a  wide  range  of  expe- 
riences during  his  short  but  eventful  life.  He  was 
born  in  Chicago,  July  14,  1863.  He  began  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  the  city  and  continued  it  in 
the  schools  of  Belgium.  He  was  in  Paris  and  Brussels 
during  the  Franco-Prussian  war  and  the  Paris  Com- 
mune. Later  he  returned  to  this  country  and  grad- 
uated from  Harvard  University  in  1884.  Since  1886 
he  has  been  engaged  in  the  real  estate  business  in 
Chicago,  and  has  become  connected  with  many  of  the 
great  interests  which  center  in  this  city.  He  has  been 
a  director  in  the  Chicago  Elevator  Company,  the  Iowa 
Central  Railway  Company,  The  Barnum  and  Rich- 
ardson Manufacturing  Company,  The  Wilmington  Coal 
Company,  and  president  of  the  Real  Estate  Board  of 
Chicago.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  valuation  com- 
mittee of  the  same  board.  He  was  one  of  the  men  se- 
lected by  Mayor  Swift  for  the  tax  commission  ap- 


pointed by  him.    Notwithstanding  his  present  attain- 
ments, he  has  yet  the  best  years  of  his  life  before  him. 


DUNLAP    SMITH. 

He  is  one  of  the  youngest  among  those  who  have  at- 
tained distinction. 

J.  GRAFTON  PARKER. 

J.  Grafton  Parker  came  to  Chicago  in  the  spring  of 
1861.     He  was,  for  many  years,  engaged  in  business 


J.    GRAFTON    PARKER. 

in  Boston,  being  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  H.  Jacobs  & 
Son,  wholesale  provision  dealers. 

His  connection  with  this  firm  brought  him  to  Chi- 
cago so  frequently,  that  he  almost  claimed  residence 
here,  although  he  did  not  move  his  family  here  until 
the  fall  of  1879.  He  then  became  associated  with  his 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


79 


brother,  A.  A.  Parker,  in  the  well-known  firm  of 
Holden  &  Co.,  remaining  with  him  until  the  spring  of 
1888,  when  he  entered  the  real  estate  business,  associ- 
ating with  him  his  son,  J.  Grafton  Parker,  Jr.,  under 
the  firm  name  of  J.  Grafton  Parker  &  Co.  Mr.  Parker's 
genial  manner,  honesty  and  prompt  business  methods 
have  won  for  him  an  enviable  position  with  his  associ- 
ates in  business.  He  has  negotiated  some  of  the  larg- 
est real  estate  transactions  in  the  city.  Mr.  Parker 
was  born  in  Chelmsford,  Mass.,  February  29,  1836.  His 
father,  Mr.  Artemus  Parker,  and  mother,  Lorinda 
Healy,  were  well-known  in  New  England  for  their 
sterling  integrity  and  Christian  bearing 

SENECA   D.   KIMBARK. 

Mr.  Seneca  D.  Kimbark  is  the  pioneer  of  the 
iron  and  steel 
trade  in  Chica- 
go, he  having 
been  actively 
engaged  in  that 
business  for 
over  forty-three 
years.  He  was 
born  at  Venice, 
Cayuga  County, 
N.  Y.,  March  4, 
1832.  He  obtain- 
ed such  an  edu- 
cation as  other 
country  boys  of 
a  persevering 
nature  achieved. 
He  began  in  the 
district  schools 
and  afterward 
attended  the 
G  e  n  e  s  e  e  and 
Canandai  g  u  a 
academies, 
earning  the 
money,  in  the 
meanWhile  t  o 
pay  his  e  x- 
penses.  When 
he  was  eight 
years  old  his 
parents  remov- 
ed to  Livingston 
County,  and 
four  years  later 
he  was  set  to 
work  on  the 
farm.  Here  he 
remained  when 
not  teaching  in 
the  winter,  or 
attending 
school,  until  he 
was  twenty- 
one.  In  1852 
Mr.  Kimbark 
removed  to  Chi- 
cago, where  he 
engaged  in  the 

iron  business,  becoming  the  junior  member  of  the 
firm  of  E.  G.  Hall  &  Co.  In  1860,  the  firm  name  was 
changed  to  Hall,  Kimbark  &  Co.;  and  in  1873  to  Kim- 
bark Bros.  &  Co.  In  1876  Mr.  Kimbark  became  sole 
proprietor.  The  great  fire  of  1871  had  inflicted  a 
heavy  loss  upon  the  business;  but  through  tact,  cour- 
age and  perseverance  he  pulled  through  and  soon  re- 
covered the  ground  lost.  He  built  up  in  his  time  one 
of  the  greatest  iron,  steel  and  heavy  hardware  trades 
in  this  country;  also  established  an  extensive  car- 
riage woodwork  factory  in  Michigan,  to  manufacture 


a  large  line  of  the  goods  he  already  sold  in  his  trade. 
In  1891  this  was  removed  to  Elkhart,  Ind.,  where  con- 
ditions were  more  favorable.  This  is  now  one  of  the 
largest  of  its  kind  in  America.  Mr.  Kimbark  has  al- 
ways been  an  enthusiastic  iron  man.  The  iron  busi- 
ness has  always  been  his  special  care.  Although  not 
a  politician,  he  takes  great  interest  in  all  questions 
of  municipal  reform.  He  has  always  refused  to  go 
into  partisan  politics  or  run  for  office,  although  he  has 
been,  from  early  manhood,  a  consistent  Republican. 
He  was  one  of  the  commissioners  who  located  the 
South  Park  system;  and,  during  the  war,  took  an 
active  part  in  raising  troops  and  sending  them  to  the 
front.  The  Kimbark  Guards  organized  by  his 
brother,  George  M.,  and  named  for  him,  received 
his  aid.  He  was  identified  with  the  Union  League 
Club  from  the  time  of  its  organization.  He  was 

one  of  the  origi- 


S.    D.    KIMBARK 


nal  members  of 
the  Chicago 
Club;  a  charter 
member  of  the 
W  a  s  h  i  ngton 
Park  Club, 
and  a  member 
of  the  Calumet 
Club. 

Mr.  Kimbark 
was  married 
September  25, 
1856,  to  Miss 
Elizabeth 
Pruyne,  daugh- 
ter of  Peter 
Pruyne,  at  one 
time  state  sen- 
ator of  Illinois, 
an  d  a  friend 
and  colleague 
of  Stephen  A. 
Douglas.  Mrs. 
Kimbark  was 
•born  the  day 
the  first  mayor 
of  Chicago 
was  installed. 
Four  children 
have  been  borji 
of  this  union, 
two  daughters 
and  two  sons. 
The  oldest  son, 
Charles  A.  Kim- 
bark, is  now 
the  financial 
manager  of  his 
father's  busi- 
ness  and  a 
young  man  of 
great  promise. 
The  other.  Wal- 
ter, is  equal  in 
promise  to  his 
brother  He  is 
at  the  head  of 
the  carriage 

goods  department  of  the  business,  and  is  a  skillful 

manager. 

JOHN  DUNN. 

Mr.  John  Dunn  is  an  English  gentleman  who  be- 
came known  to  the  people  of  Chicago  through  his  con- 
nection with  the  consular  service  of  Great  Britain 
and  by  his  official  position  with  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad  Company.  He  has  many  warm  friends 
wherever  he  is  known.  He  was  born  in  Devonshire, 
England,  April  24,  1840,  and  came  to  America  in  1869. 


80 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


He  resided  in  New  York  until  1873,  when  he  moved 
to  Chicago  to  enter  the  service  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad  as  private  secretary  to  the  president.  In 
January,  1883,  he  was  promoted  to  the  post  of  assist- 


JOHN    DUNN. 

ant  to  the  president  and  continues  to  hold  that  office 
at  the  present  time,  besides  being  assistant  secre- 
tary of  the  company,  a  position  he  has  filled  since 
November,  1880.  Mr.  Dunn  was  British  vice  consul 
for  a  period  of  seven  years,  from  1878  to  1884.  Since 
his  retirement  from  that  office  he  has  given  his  whole 
attention  to  the  affairs  of  the  railway  corporation  by 
which  he  is  employed.  By  profession  Mr.  Dunn  is  an 
attorney-at-law,  having  been  admitted  to  the  Illinois 
bar  in  1875,  but  of  late  years  he  has  not  actively  prac- 
ticed that  profession.  Mr.  Dunn  stands  high  with  the 
railroad  company,  and  has  the  unbounded  confidence 
of  the  president  and  directors. 


JOHN  FREDERICK  EBERHART. 


John  Frederick  Eberhart  was  born  January  21,  1829, 
in  Mercer  County,  Pa.  His  early  life  was  taken  up 
by  attendance  at  school,  work  on  the  farm  and  in 
teaching,  by  which  he  supported  himself  while  carry- 
ing on  his  studies.  In  this  way  he  developed  mental 
and  physical  strength,  for  both  of  which  he  was  wide- 
ly noted.  He  graduated  at  Alleghany  College  July 
2nd,  1853.  On  September  1,  1853,  he  became  principal 
of  the  Albright  Seminary,  at  Berlin.  Pa.,  the  first  edu- 
cational institution  founded  by  the  Evangelical  Asso- 
ciation. Here  the  tax  upon  his  energies  was  so  great 
that,  after  two  years,  he  was  forced  by  failing  health 
to  resign. 

Mr.  Eberhart  came  west  in  the  spring  of  1855  and 
located  at  Dixon,  111.  There  he  edited  for  a  time  the 
Dixon  "Transcript,"  and  delivered  courses  of  scientific 
lectures  before  institutions  of  learning;  then  spent  a 
year  in  traveling  for  some  New  York  publishing 
houses  and  finally  settled  down  in  Chicago  to  the  pub- 
lication of  the  "Northwestern  Home  and  School  Jour- 
nal." For  about  fifteen  years  Mr.  Eberhart  was  then 
engaged  in  educational  work,  in  the  editorial  chair, 


the  lecture  field  and  as  superintendent  of  the  schools 
of  Cook  County,  111.  It  was  mainly  by  his  efforts  that 
the  public  schools  throughout  Cook  County  were  or- 
ganized and  developed  into  a  practical  system,  and  a 
normal  school  for  the  training  of  teachers  was  estab- 
lished. He  was  also  an  early  advocate  and  promoter 
of  teachers'  institutes,  which  have  exercised  a  power- 
ful influence  in  developing  improved  methods  of 
teaching. 

In  1860  Mr.  Eberhart  turned  his  attention,  to  a  con- 
siderable extent,  to  real  estate.  In  this  he  has  been 
reasonably  successful.  He  has  acquired  a  compe- 
tence, and  spends  it  in  ways  which  he  believes  will 
bring  the  most  good  to  humanity. 

In  politics  Mr.  Eberhart  is  a  Republican,  but  is  not 
a  partisan  and  has  never  sought  political  preferment. 
In  religion  he  is  a  Methodist,  but  with  broad  humani- 


JOHN    F.    EBERHART. 

tarian  sympathies.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the- 
People's  Church,  whose  pastor,  Rev.  H.  W.  Thomas, 
was  his  pupil  and  his  been  his  life-long  friend.  He 
was  married  in  1864  to  Miss  Matilda  C.  Miller,  a  lady 
of  refinement  and  who  has  proved  a  worthy  help- 
meet in  all  his  work.  Four  children  have  graced  their 
union. 

PAUL  O.  STENSLAND. 

Paul  O.  Stensland  was  born  in  Sandied,  near  Stav- 
anger,  Norway,  May  9,  1847.  the  youngest  in  a  family 
of  nine  children.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  his  na- 
tive land  and  obtained  such  schooling  as  he  could  in 
the  district. 

At  the  age  of  eighteen  ihe  left  home  for  travel  in 
Hindostan  and  farther  India.  He  became  interested 
in  the  cotton  and  wool  industries  as  a  buyer  of  sta- 
ples, traveling  extensively  in  the  prosecution  of  his 
business,  from  Cape  Camorin  to  the  Himalaya-.*, 
and  from  the  Indus  to  the  Bramapootra.  After 
five  years  he  returned  to  Norway,  on  a  visit  to  his  pa- 
rents, whom  he  found  in  failing  health.  Both  of  them 
died  within  three  months  after  his  return.  Soon  after 
he  set  out  for  America,  arriving  in  Chicago  in  the 
spring  of  1871.  Here  he  engaged  in  the  dry  goods 
business,  which  absorbed  his  energies  for  fourteen 


82 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


years;  but  in  1885  he  left  it  for  insurance  and  real 
estate.  Since  then  he  organized  the  Milwaukee  Ave- 
nue State  Bank,  of  which  he  became  president. 

Mr.  Stensland  was  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Board 
of  Education  for  nine  years,  serving  on  several  im- 
portant committees.  He  also  served  on  a  select  com- 
mittee of  citizens  to  revise  the  charter  of  the  city 


PAUL,  O.    STENSLAND. 

and  was  a  director  of  the  World's  Columbian  Ex- 
position. 

Politically  Mr.  Stensland  is  a  Democrat  and  in  re- 
ligion a  Lutheran.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Iro- 
quois  Club  and  several  Scandinavian  organizations. 
He  was  married  in  August,  1871,  to  Karen  Querk,  of 
Sonhordland,  Norway.  They  have  two  children. 

DEPOTS. 

Chicago  is  abundantly  supplied  with  depot  facili- 
ties. While  all  the  older  depots  which  were  built 
like  the  Union,  at  Canal  street,  and  the  Rock  Island] 
on  Van  Buren  street,  are  crowded  to  their  utmost 
capacity,  those  built  in  later  years,  like  the  Grand 
Central  and  Illinois  Central,  are  capable  of  afford- 
ing facilities  for  many  years  to  come,  whatever  the 
growth  of  the  city  or  increase  of  roads.  The  follow- 
ing is  a  brief  summary: 

There  are  six  railroad  depots  in  Chicago,  all  but  one 
of  which  are  union  depots— that  is,  they  furnish  ter- 
minal facilities  for  a  large  number  of  railroads  which 
use  them  in  common.  The  Northwestern  alone,  at 
the  north  approach  to  the  Wells  street  bridge,  ac- 
commodates the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad 
system.  Then  comes  the  Union  Depot,  on  Canal 
street,  extending  from  Madison  to  Adams  streets, 
where  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy,  the  Chicago  &  Alton,  and  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroads  terminate.  At  Harrison  street 
and  Fifth  avenue  is  the  Wisconsin  Central,  that  ac- 
commodates several  others— the  Baltimore  &  Ohio, 
the  Chicago  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  and  the 
Northern  Pacific.  The  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
is  located  on  Van  Buren  street,  between  Sherman  and 
Pacific  avenue,  which  also  receives  the  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern.  The  Polk  street  depot,  at  Polk 


and  Dearborn,  gives  facilities  to  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
&  Santa  Fe,  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois,  the  Wa- 
bash,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad, 
the  Chicago  &  Western  Indiana,  the  Grand  Trunk, 
and  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroads. 
And  the  new  Illinois  Central  depot,  at  Twelfth  street 
arid  Michigan  avenue,  one  of  the  finest  in  the  country, 
accommodates  the  Michigan  Central  and  other  roads. 
All  these  depots  are  within  a  few  minutes'  ride  from 
the  central  or  business  part  of  the  city,  where  the 
great  hotels  are  all  located. 

HOTELS. 

Chicago  is  noted,  the  world  over,  for  the  great  num- 
ber, the  size,  and  the  excellence  of  its  hotels.  It  is 
impossible  to  give  a  minute  description  of  all  or  even 
any  number  of  them,  as  it  would  take  a  volume  for 
that  alone.  The  most  that  can  be  done  is  to  men- 
tion, in  a  general  way,  a  few  of  the  most  conspicuous 
and  those  which  serve  as  a  type  of  the  others. 

The  Auditorium,  with  its  Annex,  stands  easily  at 
the  head  of  the  list,  both  in  size  and  appointments. 
It  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world.  It  occupies  that 
part  of  the  Auditorium  Theater  building  not  given  up 
to  office  purposes  or  to  the  uses  of  the  theater.  It  rises 
to  eleven  stories  in  height,  and  has  more  than  1,000 
rooms  given  up  to  the  use  of  guests.  The  American 
dining-room  is  on  the  top  story  and  commands  a  fine 
view  of  Lake  Michigan.  The  European  restaurant  is 
on  the  ground  floor,  and  is  the  largest  and  handsomest 
in  the  city.  The  hotel  is  run  on  both  the  American 
and  European  plans,  so  that  guests  can  take  their 
choice.  The  Auditorium  is  one  of  the  points  of  inter- 
est that  every  visitor  to  Chicago  wants  to  visit. 

The  Wellington  is  the  place  where  the  men  of  great 
wealth  put  up  when  they  come  to  Chicago,  if  they 
happen  to  be  of  a  retiring  disposition.  Here  they  can 
be  sure  of  the  best  that  the  country  affords  without 
undue  ostentation.  It  caters  strictly  to  the  ultra- 
fashionable  element,  and  to  that  it  offers  the  most 
perfect  of  home-life  comforts. 

The  Richelieu  is  another  of  the  swell  hotels.  It, 
however,  caters  more  to  the  showy  and  ostentatious 
patrons.  Then  comes  the  Palmer  House,  the  home  of 
the  politicians;  the  Great  Northern,  and  others  of  that 
class. 

Then  come  the  great  middle-class  hotels,  of  which 
there  are  hundreds,  that  cater  to  the  commercial  trav- 
eling public  and  that  furnish  good  home-like  accom- 
modations at  a  very  reasonable  price.  Of  this  class 
the  Clifton,  at  the  corner  of  Monroe  and  Wabash  ave- 
nue, and  McCoy's,  at  the  corner  of  Clark  and  Van 
Buren  streets,  are  good  representatives.  And  below 
these  there  is  almost  an  infinite  variety,  both  in 
number  and  grade,  which  offer  accommodation  to 
every  class  and  condition  of  people,  down  to  the  West 
Madison  street  lodging-houses,  where  bunks  can  be 
had  for  a  dime. 

PLACES    OF    AMUSEMENT. 

Closely  related  to  the  hotels  are  the  theaters.  And 
there  is  a  perfectly  parallel  gradation  in  the  quality 
and  prices  of  these  with  the  hotels.  They  range  from 
the  Auditorium,  the  Columbia,  McVicker's,  the  Opera 
House,  the  Schiller,  and  the  Great  Northern,  down 
through  all  shades  of  gradation  to  the  concert  hall  in 
a  beer  garden.  Then,  in  addition  to  the  theaters,  are 
the  race  tracks,  the  ball  grounds,  the  Ferris  Wheel, 
and,  in  summer,  the  picnic  grounds.  They  all  vie  with 
one  another  to  offer  attractions  that  will  prove  draw- 
ing cards  and  help  to  win  nickels  and  dimes  from 
the  pockets  of  pleasure  seekers.  The  roof  garden  is 
another  form  of  amusement  which  is  gaining  in  popu- 
larity. At  the  top  of  the  Masonic  Temple  a  place  has 
been  fitted  up  where  music,  dramatic  entertainments, 


KNTRANCK    TO    Al'DITORIUM    HOTEL,    MICHIGAN'   AVENUE. 


84 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


etc.,  are  given,  far  above  the  noise  and  tumult  of  the 
street.  Another  at  the  top  of  the  new  Great  Northern 
has  also  been  recently  completed.  It  is  205  feet  above 
the  sidewalk,  the  only  open-air  roof  garden  in  Chicago. 

The  Auditorium.— As  before  stated,  the  Auditorium, 
for  dimensions  and  magnificence  of  appointments, 
easily  takes  first 
place.  It  ranks  along 
with  the  greatest  the- 
aters in  the  world — 
the  Paris  Opera 
House  and  La  Scala, 
at  Milan.  It  was  be- 
gun in  1887,  and  the 
construction  was  car- 
ried forward  so  vig- 
orously that  the  great 
audience  room  was 
opened  to  the  public 
on  December  9,  1889. 
The  entrance  to  the 
theater  is  from  the 
Congress  street  side, 
near  Wabash  avenue. 
The  ticket  offices  are 
located  on  either  side 
of  the  grand  vesti- 
bule that  leads  to  the 
lobby.  The  house  will 
seat  upwards  of  four 
thousand  people. 
There  are  forty  boxes, 
elaborately  furnished 
and  hung  with  plush 
curtains.  Fifty  -  five 
hundred  incandescent 
electric  lamps  light 
the  house  and  stage. 
The  organ  is  said  to 
be  the  largest  and 
finest  in  the  world. 
It  contains  7,193 
pipes.  The  stage, 
from  foot-lights  to 
wall,  is  69  deep  by  98 
feet  wide  in  the  clear. 
It  is  sufficient  for  the 
grandest  scenic  dis- 
plays that  are  ever 
necessary  in  a  theat- 
rical production. 

The  Auditorium  is 
the  home  of  the  Or- 
chestral Association, 
supporting  the  Chica- 
go Orchestra,  c  o  n  - 
ducted  by  Mr.  Theo- 
dore Thomas,  which 
was  incorporated  in 
1891.  It  is  one  of  the 
two  permanent  or- 
chestras in  America. 
At  the  very  begin- 
n  i  n  g  its  financial 
basis  was  firmly  es- 
tablished, when  about 
fifty  of  Chicago's 
wealthiest  and  most 
public- spirited  men 
created  its  "guaranty 
fund,"  thereby  obli- 
gating themselves  for 


a  Saturday  evening  concert.  The  best  solo  talent 
available  has  appeared  from  time  to  time  at  these 
concerts.  The  season  sale  for  1896-7  is  already  larger 
than  ever  before.  A  special  chorus  has  been  made  an 
adjunct  to  the  orchestra  this  season.  This  is  under  the 
direction  of  Mr.  Arthur  Mees.  Besides  its  forty-four 


'     r 


Home  Offlr 


O     TEMPLE.     STATE     AND     RANDOLPH     STREETS, 
of  Knights  Templars  and  .Masons  Life  Indemnity  Co. 


any  deficits  which  might  remain  at  the  end  of  each 
season.  The  orchestra  is  composed  of  about  eighty- 
five  members,  and  for  twenty-two  weeks  of  each  year 
since  its  establishment  two  concerts  per  week  have 
been  given  at  the  Auditorium — a  Friday  matinee  and 


Chicago  programmes,  the  orchestra  will  also  visit 
many  of  the  leading  cities,  such  as  Ann  Arbor,  Toledo, 
Cleveland,  Milwaukee,  and  other  places  of  prominence. 
The  purpose  of  the  Chicago  Orchestra  is  to  furnish 
good  music  for  the  West,  and  the  stability  which  the 


THEATERS. 


85 


names  of  its  guarantors  has  given  it  has  led  these 
surrounding  cities  to  avail  themselves  of  the  oppor- 
tunity furnished  them. 

Next  to  the  Auditorium  and  its  various  attractions 
comes  McVicker's  Theater,  with  a  seating  capacity  of 
ahout  2,000.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  theaters  in  the 
city.  It  was  the  fifth, 
in  order  of  time,  built 
in  Chicago.  It  'was 
destroyed  in  the  great 
fire  of  1871,  but  re- 
built larger  and  finer, 
so  that  it  was  again 
opened  to  the  public 
on  August  15,  1872, 
having  been  rebuilt 
at  a  cost  of  $200,000. 
Important  improve- 
ments and  additiOES 
have  been  made 
since,  which  keep  it 
in  the  front  rank  of 
Chicago  play  houses. 
It  is  one  of  the  most 
favorably  located  of 
apy  in  the  city,  being 
cpnvenient  to  street 
cars  from  all  parts 
of  Chicago,  and  to  all 
the  great  down-town 
hotels. 

The  Columbia  is 
situated  just  one 
square  south  of  Mc- 
Vicker's, on  Monroe 
street.  It  is  the  le- 
gitimate successor  of 
the  New  Adelphi, 
which,  for  '  a  time 
after  the  fire,  occu- 
pied the  present  site 
of  the  First  National 
Bank,  in  the  old  Post- 
office  building,  the 
ruins  of  which  were 
rebuilt  after  the  great 
fire  and  were  occu- 
pied by  J.  H.  Haverly 
as  a  play  house. 
When  the  ground 
leas.e  expired,  the 
Adelphi  was  demol- 
ished and  the  Colum- 
bia was  built  on  its 
present  site  by  Mr. 
Haverly,  who  man- 
aged it  until  Febru- 
ary, 1885,  when  it 
passed  into  the  hands 
of  the  Columbia  The- 
ater  Company.  In 
1890,  Messrs.  Hay  man 
&  Davis  took  charge, 
and  still  control  the 
property.  It  enjoys  a 
wide  and  deserved 
popularity,  not  only 
for  the  completeness 
of  its  appointments, 
but  for  the  uniform 
excellence  of  its  at- 
tractions. 

Hooley's  Theater.  —  The  Chicago  Tribune  says: 
"Hooley's  has  become  to  Chicago  like  Daly's  and  the 
Lyceum  of  New  York  rolled  into  one — more  than  that, 
like  six  of  the  best  Eastern  comedy  theaters  in  their 
combined  essence."  But  this  is  no  more  than  is  justi- 


fied by  the  public  verdict.  It  has  come  to  be  known 
as  "the  Parlor  Home  of  Comedy,"  and  justly  so,  for 
"Hooley's"  is  known  among  theater-goers  and  the 
theatrical  profession  as  one  of  the  most  popular  and 
successful  play  houses,  not  only  in  Chicago,  but  in  the 
United  States.  The  late  Mr.  R.  M.  Hooley  began  his 


^MARSHALL  FIELD'S   BUILDING.   WABASH   AYE.   AND   WASHINGTON   ST. 


career  in  Chicago  in  1870,  at  Hooley's  Opera  House, 
situated  where  the  Grand  Opera  House  now  stands. 
After  the  fire  of  1871,  Mr.  Hooley  made  a  trade  of  that 
ground  for  the  Randolph  street  site  and  built  Hooley's 
Theater,  which  was  opened  on  October  17,  1872.  It  is 


86 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


RESIDENCE  OF  MR.  ALBERT  WISNER,  4825  DREXEL  BOULEVARD. 


the  home  of  the  great  dramatic  stock  companies  of 
New  York  and  London.  Among  its  permanent  attrac- 
tions are  Ada  Rehan  and  Mr.  Augustin  Daly's  com- 
pany, the  New  York  Lyceum  Theater  Company,  the 
New  York  Empire  Theater  Company,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Kendal,  Mr.  E.  S.  Willard,  Mr.  John  Hare,  Miss  Olga 
Nethersole,  Mr.  John  Drew,  Mr.  Nat  C.  Goodwin,  Mr. 
E.  H.  Sothern,  and  the  leading  comedy  attractions  of 
Messrs.  Daniel  and  Charles  Frohman.  Also  the  latest 
successes  in  comedy  and  the  drama  of  New  York  and 
London. 

Mr.  Harry  J.  Powers  is  the  manager  and  Mr.  Francis 
J.  Wolf  the  treasurer.  The  theater  has  been  fre- 
quently remodeled,  and  is  perfectly  adapted  to  all 
fche  requirements  of  the  modern  stage  and  the  com- 
fort of  the  public. 

The  Chicago  Opera  House  comes  next  in  order  of 
size.  It  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Clark  and  Wash- 
ington streets,  and  has  a  seating  capacity  of  about 
2,300  persons.  Its  stage  construction  is  remarkably 
perfect.  Every  device  which  modern  theaters  have 
found  desirable  is  included.  No  expense  has  been 
spared  in  making  the  stage  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
West.  Nothing  is  lacking  which  would  add  to  the 
scenic  effect  or  increase  the  comfort  and  convenience 
of  the  players.  The  interior  decoration  is  strikingly 
original  and  appropriate,  although  chaste  and  re- 
fined. It  is  now  running  as  a  continuous  show,  with- 
out doubt  the  best  of  its  class  in  Chicago. 


The  Grand  Opera  House  is  another  of  the  old  play 
houses  of  the  city.  It  has  been  frequently  remodeled 
to  bring  it  up  to  modern  requirements.  In  this  way  it 
has  kept  up  with  the  march  of  improvements.  It  is 
located  on  Clark  street,  between  Washington  and 
Randolph  streets. 

The  Schiller  Theater  is  situated  on  Randolph  Street, 
between  Clark  and  Dearborn,  and  is  one  of  the  finest 
and  most  popular  of  Chicago  places  of  amusement. 
It  has  recently  passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Robert 
Blei,  who,  in  a  short  time,  has  established  a  reputa- 
tion of  giving  the  best  vaudeville  entertainment  fur- 
nished in  the  country.  The  prices  range  from  20 
cents  to  $1,  and  all  seats  are  reserved.  One  beauty 
about  the  Schiller  auditorium  is  that  there  are  no 
posts  or  columns  in  any  part  of  the  house  to  interfere 
with  the  view  of  the  stage.  The  seating  capacity  is 
about  twelve  hundred,  and  there  are  six  boxes.  The 
chairs  are  large  and  comfortable,  with  plenty  of  space 
between  each  row.  Improved  ventilating  systems, 
including  a  perfect  heating  system  for  winter  and 
refrigerating  system  for  summer,  together  with  suc- 
tion fans  in  the  roof  that  secure  a  continuous  supply 
of  fresh  air,  which  renders  it  pleasant  at  any  season 
of  the  year.  The  Schiller  forms  one  of  a  circuit  of 
vaudeville  houses  which  extend  from  New  York  to 
San  Francisco,  and  secures  the  first  option  on  all 
the  new  attractions  which  come  from  Europe. 

The  Great  Northern  Theater,  just  completed,  while 


THEATERS. 


87 


SCHILLER  THEATER,   RANDOLPH  STREET,   BETWEEN  CLARK  AND 
DEARBORN  STREETS. 


making  no  pretensions  to  being  a  great  theater,  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  city.  Completeness  in  all  its 
details,  beauty  and  elegance  in  all  its  adornments,  and 
the  convenience  and  safety  of  its  patrons  have  been 
the  points  aimed  at.  All  the  stage  fittings  and  fixtures 
are  of  fire-proof  materials,  and  everything  from  pit 
to  gallery  is  fire-proof,  even  to  floors  and  ceilings.  It 
has  a  seating  capacity  of  about  1,500.  It  contains 
sixteen  boxes;  and  the  chairs  are  exactly  alike 
throughout  the  entire  house.  The  ventilation  is  so 
arranged  that  fresh  air  is  taken  from  the  roof  and 
forced  downward  throughout  the  whole  house,  there 


being  three  independent  systems,  one  for  the  stage 
and  one  each  for  the  auditorium  and  the  gallery. 

In  addition  to  these  there  are  numerous  theaters  of 
first-rate  importance  in  each  of  the  three  sections  of 
the  city,  which  depend  upon  local  patronage  for  their 
support,  like  the  Standard  and  Haymarket  on  the 
West  side.  These  are  followed  by  a  multitude  of 
smaller  places  of  every  kind  and  quality  to  be  found 
in  every  conceivable  place  where  people  congregate, 
so  that  there  is  no  difficulty  in  satisfying  the  most 
varied  tastes  of  resident  or  visitor  in  the  matter  of 
amusements. 


88 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


A  GREAT  EDUCATIONAL  CENTER. 


Chicago  has  become  one  of  the  greatest  centers  of 
learning  in  America.  In  this  respect,  it  has  kept  pace 
with  its  development  in  other  and  more  material 
things.  Early  in  its  history,  certain  sections  of  land 
were  set  aside  as  an  endowment  of  its  common  school 
system.  Several  of  those  sections  are  located  in  the 
heart  of  the  business  portion  of  the  city;  and  al- 
though much  of  this  land  has  heretofore  been  sold, 
there  still  remains  enough  to  constitute  a  magnificent 
endowment.  The  rents  which  are  received  form  an 
important  part  of  the  fund  for  the  support  of  the 
schools.  And,  on  top  of  that,  the  Legislature  has  been 
liberal  in  making  provision  for  the  raising  of  suffi- 
cient means,  by  taxation,  to  sustain  the  finest  system 
of  common  schools  in  America.  The  schools  are  un- 
der the  control  of  a  Board  of  Education,  consisting 
of  twenty  members,  who  are  appointed  by  the  Mayor 
and  confirmed  by  the  Common  Council.  The  direct 
administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  schools  is  entrusted 
to  one  superintendent  of  schools,  one  superintendent 
of  high  schools,  ten  assistant  superintendents,  six 
supervisors  and  an  extensive  corps  of  lesser  officials 
and  employes.  Four  thousand  three  hundred  and 
twenty-six  teachers  are  regularly  employed,  and  the 
total  expenditures  of  the  school  board  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  1,  1895,  was  $6,334,328.10.  There 
were,  according  to  official  reports  of  the  same  date, 
281  school  buildings  in  the  city,  valued  at  $7,273,490. 

In  addition  to  the  common  schools,  there  are  four- 
teen high  schools,  where  pupils  are  carried  through 
the  grades  preparatory  to  entering  college. 

The  curriculum  of  the  public  schools,  embracing 
both  the  common  and  high  schools,  covers  a  very  wide 
range.  There  are  kindergarten,  evening,  primary, 
grammar,  manual  training,  normal,  college  prepara- 
tory and  physical  culture  classes,  that  would  seem  to 
cover  the  whole  possible  scope  of  an  English  educa- 
tion. In  addition  to  English,  German,  Latin,  music 
and  drawing  are  taught  as  voluntary  branches. 

THE   HIGHER    INSTITUTIONS. 

Beyond  and  above  the  regular  public  school  system 
comes  the  various  universities,  with  their  colleges  of 
law.  medicine,  arts,  theology,  science  and  literature, 
furnishing  facilities  for  the  most  general  and  special 
training  of  every  variety  conceivable.  The  oldest  of 
these  is  the  Northwestern  University,  having  its  seat 
at  Evanston,  twelve  miles  north  of  Chicago,  although 
in  its  strictest  sense  It  is  a  Chicago  institution.  The 
Northwestern  University  has  a  liberal  endowment, 
which  has  been  contributed  by  friends  of  the  institu- 
tion from  time  to  time  since  its  starting.  It  is  under 
the  dominant  influence  of  the  Methodist  denomination. 
Its  funds  are  carefully  invested,  mainly  in  remunera- 
tive property  in  Chicago  and  Evanston.  It  is  pre- 
sided over  by  Henry  Wade  Rodgers,  LL.  D.,  who  was 
called  to  his  present  position  from  the  deanship  of 
the  Law  School  of  the  Michigan  University,  at  Ann 
Arbor.  The  university  was  organized  under  a  special 
charter  from  the  Legislature  of  Illinois,  dated  Janu- 
ary 28,  1851,  but  it  was  not  opened  until  November, 
1855. 

The  College  of  Liberal  Arts,  together  with  the  uni- 
versity campus,  is  situated  at  Evanston  on  a  beautiful 


tract  of  wooded  upland  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan. 
By  the  provisions  of  the  charter,  no  intoxicants  can 
be  sold  within  a  radius  of  four  miles  from  its  campus. 
The  college  offers  four  courses  of  study,  each  requir- 
ing four  years  for  their  completion,  the  classical,  the 
philosophical,  the  scientific,  and  the  course  in  modern 
literature.  Each  of  these  courses  are  open  alike  to 
persons  of  either  sex,  the  instruction  being  the  same 
in  both  cases;  and  the  same  honors  are  bestowed  for 
efficiency.  Post-graduate  work  is  done  in  all  the 
departments  of  the  university,  leading  to  the  degree 
of  Ph.  D. 

The  Woman's  College,  the  Academy  and  the  Theo- 
logical School,  are  also  located  at  Evanston. 

The  Medical  School  is  located  in  Chicago,  on  Dear- 
born Street,  between  Twenty-four  and  Twenty-fifth 
streets.  It  was  formerly  known  as  the  Chicago  Med- 
ical College,  under  which  name  it  has  a  history  of 
nearly  fifty  years  of  successful  work  behind  it.  This 
school  was  the  first  in  this  country:  1,  to  enforce  a 
standard  of  preliminary  education;  2,  to  adopt  longer 
annual  courses  of  instruction;  3,  to  grade  the  curric- 
ulum of  studies. 

Its  laboratory  building  contains  laboratories  of 
physiology,  histology,  anatomy,  pathology,  bacteriol- 
ogy, chemistry,  pharmacology  and  pharmacognosy  of 
the  most  modern  form  and  with  best  equipments. 

Davis  Hall  is  a  very  perfect  out-patient  infirmary, 
where  twenty-five  thousand  patients  are  treated  annu- 
ally. Forty  clinics  are  conducted  weekly  at  Mercy 
and  St.  Luke's  Hospitals  and  Davis  Hall. 

Instruction  is  given  by  lectures,  recitations,  confer- 
ences, laboratory  and  clinic  methods.  Numerous  elec- 
tive courses  are  offered  to  students  who  desire  them, 
either  that  they  may  obtain  "honors"  or  special  knowl- 
edge. These  courses  are  chiefly  laboratory  or  com- 
bined laboratory  and  clinic. 

The  faculty  consists  of  thirty-seven  professors  and 
forty-three  instructors  and  demonstrators. 

The  Law  School  of  the  University  is  located  in  the 
Masonic  Temple,  occupying  one-half  the  seventh  floor 
of  that  building,  and  was  formerly  known  as  the 
Union  College  of  Law.  The  faculty  includes  some  of 
the  most  prominent  jurists  in  the  West.  No  pains 
are  spared  to  retain  the  most  eminent  specialists  in 
every  branch  of  legal  practice;  and  many  of  those 
who  have  achieved  distinction  at  the  bench  or  bar 
of  the  West  during  the  last  twenty-five  years  have 
been  professors  or  graduates  of  the  Union"  College  of 
Law  of  the  Northwestern  University. 

The  School  of  Pharmacy  occupies  a  part  of  the 
building  of  the  medical  school.  It  was  organized  in 
1886  as  the  Illinois  College  of  Pharmacy,  but  soon 
became  the  Northwestern  University  School  of  Phar- 
macy. It  was  designed  for  the  systematic  and  thor- 
ough training  of  druggists.  Its  course  includes  thirty 
hours  of  instruction  each  week,  on  a  plan  which  in- 
sures a  great  saving  of  time  and  expense  in  the  work 
to  be  done. 

The  Dental  School,  lately  consolidated  with  the 
American  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  is  located  at 
the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Madison  streets,  in  Chi- 
cago. It  is  one  of  the  most  thorough  schools  of 
dentistry  in  the  United  States,  being  provided  with 
every  convenience  that  experience  has  shown  to  be 
necessary,  or  that  can  facilitate  the  work. 


EDUCATIONAL. 


The  Woman's  Medical  School  is  another  of  the  fam- 
ous colleges  connected  with  this  university.  It  is 
located  at  333  to  339  South  Lincoln  Street,  Chicago. 
This  was  founded  in  1870  as  the  Woman's  Hospital 
Medical  College,  but,  in  1892,  became  a  part  of  the 
university.  It  has  obtained  a  wide  and  merited  celeb- 
rity all  over  the  world,  drawing  its  students  from 
every  state  in  the 
Union,  as  well  as 
from  every  civilized 
country  in  the 
world. 

LAKE     FOREST 
UNIVERSITY. 

This  is  another 
of  the  distinctively. 
Chicago  institu- 
tions, but  which  is 
located  in  one  of 
the  suburbs,  as  far 
as  its  headquarters 
goes.  It  was  start- 
ed as  a  Chicago  en- 
terprise by  men 
whose  interests 
and  business  was 
here;  but  they  had 
also  become  inter- 
ested in  Lake  For- 
est as  a  beautiful 
and  growing  su- 
burb, and  so,  very 
naturally,  thought 
to  help  forward  its 
prospects  by  mak- 
ing it  the  seat  of 
a  great  educational 
institution.  The 
charter  was  ob- 
tained in  1857;  but 
it  was  not  formally 
organized  until 
1876.  Its  principal 
departments  are 
undergraduate  and 
philosophical.  lo- 
cated at  Lake  For- 
est, and  scientific, 
located  in  Chicago, 
the  scientific  com- 
prising the  Rush 
Medical  College, 
Chicago  College  of 
Dental  Surgery  and 
the  Chicago  Col- 
lege of  Law. 

The  Chicago  Col- 
lege of  Law  was 
organized  in  Janu- 
ary, 1888,  as  the 
Chicago  Evening 
School  of  Law.  The 
following  year  it 
was  reorganized  as 
the  Chicago  Col- 
lege of  Law,  and 
soon  after  became 
the  Law  Depart- 
ment of  the  Lake 
Forest  University. 

It  is  the  personnel  of  the  faculty  that  makes  up  the 
greatness  of  an  institution  of  learning,  and  the  faculty 
of  this  college  was  selected  with  that  end  in  view. 
Such  eminent  jurists  as  Hon.  Joseph  M.  Bailey,  LL.  D., 
justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois,  was  the  first 


preceptor,  and  continued  as  dean  down  to  the  time  of 
his  death  in  1895.  In  the  fall  of  1888  the  Hon.  Thomas 
A.  Moran  became  associated  with  Judge  Bailey  in 
the  work  of  the  college,  and  it  is  largely  through  the 
combined  efforts  and  zeal  of  the  two  that  the  institu- 
tion has  been  raised  to  the  front  rank  of  legal  educa- 
tional institutions  of  the  country. 


r  i^       '      .X-  • 

PTX 


THE  VENETIAN  nriLDING. 


!4-Sfi  WASHINGTON  STREET.  BETWEEN  STATE  STREET 
AND   WABASH   AVENUE. 

In  1890,  a  third  year,  or  post-graduate  course,  was 
organized,  leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws. 
Judge  Moran,  who  is  practically  at  the  head  of  this 
course,  has  a  national  reputation  as  a  judge  and  a 
lawyer.  His  long  experience  on  the  bench  and  at  the 


90 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


bar  make  him  pre-eminent  as  an  instructor  in  this 
course.      Up  to  June,  1895,  the  college  had  graduated 
766  persons  from  its  two  years'  course,  and  290  from 
its  post-graduate  course.      It  is  contemplated  to  add 
still  another  course  to  the  post-graduate,  leading  to 
the  degree  of  Master  of  Laws.     The  business  matters 
of    the   college    are 
generally    intrusted 
to  Secretary  Elmer 
E.  Barrett,  LL.  B., 
who    has    occupied 
his     position    from 
the   first    organiza- 
tion. 

Lake  Forest  is 
situated  on  a  beau- 
tiful bluff  overlook- 
ing Lake  Michigan, 
twenty-eight  miles 
north  of  Chicago. 
It  is  the  highest 
elevation  between 
Chicago  and  Mil- 
waukee. It  was 
originally  laid  out 
as  a  park,  and  is 
almost  wholly  giv- 
en up  to  residences 
and  the  university 
buildings.  The  sale 
of  i  n  t  o  x  i  c  ating 
drinks  is  prohibit- 
ed by  the  terms  of 
its  charter.  The 
Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad 
gives  quick  and 
easy  communica- 
tion with  Chicago 
at  all  times.  The 
institution  is  un- 
der the  dominant 
influence  of  the 
P  r  esbyterian 
Church,  although 
the  teaching  is  not 
sectarian.  It  has  a 
generous  endow- 
ment, which  is  re- 
ceiving constant  ad- 
ditions from  time 
to  time. 

The  undergradu- 
ate depart  ment 
comprises  the  fol- 
lowing schools: 

The  Lake  Forest 
College,  offering 
three  courses  of 
study,  each  of  four 
years,  viz.:  Classi- 
cal, Latin,  and  Sci- 
entific. All  studies 
are  prescribed  dur- 
ing the  first  two 
years,  after  which 
a  c  o  n  s  i  d  e  rable 
range  of  elective 
studies  are  allowed. 

Ferry   Hall   Sem- 
inary, which  prepares  young  women  for  college,  has 
additional  courses  leading  to  degrees  of  Bachelor  of 
Letters  and  Bachelor  of  Music. 

Lake  Forest  Academy  is  the  preparatory  school  for 
boys,  but  has  special  courses  for  those  who  do  not 
contemplate  taking  a  college  course. 

Rush  Medical  College  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 


honored  of  Chicago's  medical  schools,  and  forms  the 
medical  department  of  the  university.  It  is  situated 
on  the  corner  of  Wood  and  Harrison  streets,  opposite 
the  Cook  County  Hospital.  It  was  located  on  the 
North  side  before  the  great  fire,  where  it  was  com- 
pletely destroyed  along  with  its  extensive  museum. 


A    LILY    POND,    LINCOLN    PARK. 


When  the  city  was  rebuilt  it  chose  as  its  home  its 
present  site  on  account  of  its  proximity  to  the  County 
Hospital  and  the  facilities  which  the  hospital  affords 
for  clinical  and  hospital  practice.  The  enormous 
popularity  it  has  enjoyed  has  rendered  necessary  fre- 
quent additions  until  it  is  one  of  the  largest  and  best 
equipped  medical  institutions  in  America. 


92 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


Chicago  College  of  Dental  Surgery  was  founded  in 
1883.  It  was  formed  by  a  company  of  dental  practi- 
tioners in  response  to  a  manifest  need  for  an  insti- 
tution for  the  thorough  training  of  dentists  in  the 
science  of  their  profession.  It  attained  to  a  wide 
popularity  as  a  separate  institution,  and,  in  1889, 
united  with  Lake  Forest  University  as  the  dental 
department  of  that  institution. 

The  course  of  instruction  of  the  college  embraces 
physiology,  histology,  oral  surgery,  materia  medica, 
therapeutics,  anatomy,  operative  and  prosthetic  den- 
tistry, chemistry,  dental  pathology,  and  dental  tech- 
nics. The  course  in  operative  dentistry  is  given  in 
formed  classes,  under  special  instructors,  in  order  to 
give  students  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  tissues 
and  parts  upon  which  they  operate,  the  physical 
qualities  of  the  materials  used  and  the  use  of  instru- 


scale  of  expenditure  which  the  authorities  of  the 
university  felt  it  requisite  to  maintain.  The  conse- 
quence was  that  it  was  constantly  cramped  for  means 
and  fell  into  embarrassments,  which  culminated  In 
1886  in  its  dissolution.  In  May,  1889,  the  American 
Baptist  Educational  Society  determined  to  make  an- 
other effort  to  found  in  Chicago  a  seat  of  learning 
under  the  controlling  influence  of  that  denomination. 
As  a  beginning  it  obtained  a  gift  of  $600,000  from  John 
D.  Rockefeller,  conditioned  that  enough  more  should 
be  obtained  to  raise  the  endowment  fund  to  $1,000,000. 
The  assistance  of  the  denomination  was  enlisted  gen- 
erally, and  the  amount  was  raised.  Marshall  Field 
also  contributed  a  fine  tract  of  land  as  a  site,  covering 
about  twenty-five  acres.  Up  to  the  beginning  of  1896 
the  contributions  and  subscriptions  to  the  institution 
have  amounted  to  $11,500,000.  Mr.  Rockefeller  has 


RUSH  MEDICAL  COLLEGE.  7fil  WEST  HARRISON  STREET. 


ments.  Truman  W.  Brophy,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.,  LL.  D., 
one  of  the  foremost  men  in  the  profession  in  this 
country,  is  dean  of  the  faculty. 

The  University  of  Illinois  School  of  Pharmacy,  for- 
merly the  Chicago  College  of  Pharmacy,  at  465-4C7 
State  Street,  is  the  pharmaceutical  school  of  the  same 
university.  It  offers  rare  facilities  for  a  business 
training  to  young  men  and  women  in  the  profession 
of  pharmacy. 


THE    UNIVERSITY    OF   CHICAGO. 

Among  the  earliest  institutions  for  higher  education 
was  the  Chicago  University,  under  the  dominant  influ- 
ence of  the  Baptists.  It  had  received  various  small 
endowments  from  prominent  members  of  that  denom- 
ination, principally  from  the  Hon.  Stephen  A.  Doug- 
las, but  they  were  not  sufficient  to  maintain  it  on  the 


made  several  subsequent  donations,  amounting  in  all 
to  $7,426,000.  The  university  opened  its  doors  to 
students  October  1,  1892,  and  the  first  year  enrolled 
upward  of  800  students.  The  second  year  this  was 
increased  to  1,200,  the  third  to  1.500,  and  the  fourth  to 
2,000.  Building  has  progressed  rapidly,  already  six- 
teen are  completed  and  others  are  in  process  of  erec- 
tion. Over  $1,600,000  has  already  been  expended  in 
construction  in  Chicago.  The  Yerkes  Observatory, 
one  of  its  branches,  located  at  Lake  Geneva,  Wis- 
consin, a  favorite  resort  of  the  wealthy  people  of 
Chicago,  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $400,000  for  land,  build- 
ings and  instruments.  This  is  an  addition  to  the 
amounts  expended  as  above.  Prof.  W.  R.  Harper, 
formerly  Semitic  professor  of  languages  at  Yale,  was 
chosen  president  of  the  University  in  September, 
1890.  since  which  time  he  has  been  its  guiding  spirit. 
Already  a  number  of  the  independent  unattached  in- 
stitutions of  learning  of  various  kinds  have  united 


EDUCATIONAL. 


93 


wKh  the  University  of  Chicago,  and  the  tendency 
seems  to  be  somewhat  general  for  them  to  unite  under 
the  direction  of  some  one  of  these  great  institutions. 

Outside  of  the  universities  there  is  a  large  number 
of  medical  schools,  colleges  of  various  kinds,  insti- 
tutes covering  special  fields  of  training,  and  semin- 
aries, which  are  each  doing  a  valuable  and  necessary 
work,  which  the  present  universities  do  not  under- 
take. 

The  Chicago  Homoeopathic  Medical  College  is  an 
outgrowth  from  the  Hahnemann.  It  is  located,  along 
with  so  many  of  the  medical  colleges,  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity  of  the  Cook  County  Hospital,  at  the 
corner  of  Wood  and  York  streets,  Chicago.  It  is  a 
commodious  structure,  built  expressly  for  the  pur- 
poses for  which  it  is  used,  and  is  provided  with  every 
modern  appliance  required  for  such  an  institution. 


cago,  is  located  at  813  W.  Harrison  Street.  It  is  one  of 
the  youngest  of  the  great  medical  schools  of  the  city, 
but  one  of  the  strongest  and  most  popular.  The 
main  building  was  constructed  in  1881,  is  six  stories 
in  height,  and  is  provided  with  every  modern  con- 
venience for  the  purposes  intended.  Special  prom- 
inence is  given,  in  its  course,  to  laboratory  work.  Al- 
though it  has  no  endowment  and  no  connection  with 
any  powerful  university,  it  has  had  a  rapid  and  steady 
growth  from  its  tirst  inception.  Its  annual  attend- 
ance averages  about  four  hundred. 

Then  follow  the  Chicago  Physio-Medical  College, 
which  teaches  that  irritation,  pain,  fever  and  inflam- 
mation are  not  disease,  but  physiological  symptoms 
of  disease.  In  consequence  of  these  fundamental 
principles  of  medicine,  it,  in  accordance  with  this 
principle,  discards  the  use  of  all  poisons  as  curative 


COLLEGE    OF    PHYSICIANS    AND    SURGEONS,    WEST    HARRISON    AND    HONORE    STREETS. 


The  faculty  includes  many  of  the  most  prominent 
homoeopathic  physicians  in  the  country. 

The  Post-Graduate  Medical  School  was  established 
about  ten  years  ago  by  some  of  the  foremost  physi- 
cians of  Chicago  in  order  to  supply  a  place  where 
regular  practitioners  could  come  from  time  to  time 
and  obtain  the  results  of  the  advances  in  medical 
science.  It  has  been  a  success  from  the  start.  More 
than  fourteen  hundred  physicians  from  every  State  in 
the  Union,  from  Mexico  and  from  Canada,  have 
availed  themselves  of  the  facilities  offered.  It  is 
located  at  the  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Twenty-fourth 
streets,  in  the  center  of  a  medical  district  embracing 
the  Woman's  Hospital,  Michael  Reese  Hospital,  Mercy 
Hospital.  St.  Luke's  Hospital  and  the  Chicago  Hos- 
pital. 

The   College  of  Physicians  and   Surgeons,  of  Chi- 


agents,  and  uses  none  but  unquestionably  harmless 
agents  in  the  cure  of  disease,  thus  aiding  nature  in 
the  cure  of  disease  by  efficient  and  harmless  agents. 

The  Dunham  Medical  College  is  the  latest  addition 
to  the  list  of  homoeopathic  medical  colleges  in  Chi- 
cago. It  has  a  beautiful  new  building,  built  for  its 
own  purposes,  on  Wood  Street,  opposite  the  County 
Hospital.  Its  equipment  is  remarkably  complete  and 
well  adapted  to  the  work,  and  it  has  a  large  faculty  of 
some  of  the  most  progressive  physicians  in  Chicago. 

The  Chicago  Policlinic,  a  post-graduate  medical 
school,  is  located  at  174  to  176  Chicago  avenue.  It 
occupies  a  fine,  six  story  building,  built  for  its  own 
use.  This  is  its  eleventh  season.  It  numbers  among 
its  faculty  of  thirty-seven  many  of  the  foremost  phy- 
sicians in  America,  in  addition  to  which  it  maintains 
a  large  corps  of  lecturers,  instructors  and  assist- 


EDUCATIONAL. 


95 


ants.  It  extends  a  cordial  welcome  to  physicians 
visiting  Chicago  to  inspect  its  equipment  and  attend 
its  clinics. 

The  Illinois  Training  School  for  Nurses,  situated 
near  the  County  Hospital,  is  doing  a  most  valuable 
work  in  training  nurses  for  an  intelligent  exercise  of 
their  profession.  It  is  the  largest  and  most  important 
institution  of  the  kind  in  Chicago. 

The  Marion-Sims  Training  School  for  Nurses  is 
another  but  smaller  school  of  the  same  kind.  It  is 
located  at  518  West  Adams  Street  in  connection  with 
a  sanitarium  of  the  same  name.  This  furnishes  a 
practical  training  in  the  duties  of  the  nurse,  and  is 
doing  an  excellent  work. 

The  Chicago  Veterinary  College  is  for  the  training 
of  veterinary  surgeons  in  the  use  of  modern  methods 
of  medical  treatment  of  dumb  animals. 


are  already  under  contemplation.  There  are  at  pres- 
ent about  1,000  pupils  in  regular  attendance,  under 
the  instruction  of  fifty-four  teachers,  so  that,  while 
Chicago  can  boast  of  many  great  things,  it  has  the 
largest  art  school  in  America.  The  collection  of 
painting,  sculpture,  and  other  objects  is  such  as  to 
place  the  Art  Institute  among  the  four  leading  gal- 
leries in  this  country.  A  part  of  the  exhibits  are 
owned  by  the  institute  and  a  part  are  loaned  to  it,  the 
total  value  of  the  collection  being  upward  of  $2,000,- 
000,  about  one-half  of  which  are  the  property  of  the 
institute.  If  the  ratio  of  visitors  to  the  institute  con- 
tinues throughout  the  year,  as  in  the  past,  it  will  ex- 
ceed 600,000  persons,  being  larger  than  any  other 
museum  in  America.  The  galleries  are  open  to  the 
public  free  on  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays  between 
the  hours  of  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.,  and  on  Sundays  from 


jft  •  '-••'  "  '  r';;  ::; 

11  ''_ 


on 


ARMOUR    INSTITUTE,    ARMOUR    AVENUE    AND    THIRTY-THIRD    STREET. 


In  addition  to  these  there  is  a  long  list  of  theologi- 
cal schools,  colleges  and  seminaries,  offering  every 
variety  of  theological  belief,  from  which  people  can 
choose  to  their  liking,  embracing  Methodist,  Baptist, 
Congregational,  Presbyterian,  Catholic  and  Episcopal. 

The  Art  Institute  was  organized  in  1879.  It  began 
by  occupying  rented  quarters  until  its  magnificent 
home  was  finished.  The  Art  Institute  building  is  on 
Michigan  avenue,  facing  Adams  street.  It  was  built 
in  1892-93  at  a  cost  for  the  structure  alone  of  more 
than  $650,000,  which,  together  with  the  ground,  is 
valued  at  upward  of  $2,000,000.  Spacious  as  the  build- 
ing is,  it  is  already  inadequate  to  house  the  great 
collections  of  pictures,  statuary,  etc.,  which  have  been 
accumulated.  And  then,  the  quarters  of  the  rapidly 
growing  art  school  are  filled  to  overflowing  by  pu- 
pils from  every  part  of  the  country.  Enlargements 


1  to  5  p.  m.  On  other  days  an  admission  fee  of  25 
cents  is  charged,  the  hours  being  the  same  as  on  other 
week  days. 

There  are  several  other  notable  art  collections  in 
Chicago,  such  as  that  of  the  Illinois  Art  Association, 
at  154  Ashland  Boulevard,  open  only  to  members  and 
invited  guests,  and  the  Vincennes  Gallery  of  Fine  Arts, 
at  3841  Vincennes  Avenue,  which  contains  many  valu- 
able works  of  art,  which  is  open  at  all  times  without 
admission  fee.  But  there  is  nothing  at  all  approach- 
ing the  Art  Institute. 

The  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences,  founded  in  1857. 
is  another  of  these  unattached  institutions  which  is 
doing  a  valuable  work  of  its  own.  It  includes  in  its 
membership  many  of  the  most  learned  men  in  Chi- 
cago, specialists  in  their  lines.  It  has  a  library  of 
over  7,000  volumes,  and  a  museum  of  its  own. 


96 


UNRIVALED    CHICAGO. 


This  museum  contains  over  50,000  species,  mostly 
of  the  fauna  and  flora  of  the  United  States,  and  is  said 
to  rank  fifth  among  the  valuable  collections  of  the 
world.  It  has  recently  erected  a  fine  building  at  the 
Center  Street  entrance  of  Lincoln  Park,  which  furn- 
ishes a  home  to  the  society.  The  means  for  its  con- 
struction were  contributed  by  the  late  Mathew  Laflin, 
one  of  Chicago's  wealthy  capitalists  and  early  settlers. 
It  is  known  as  the  Mathew  Laflin  Memorial  Hall.  The 
academy  now  has  a  membership  of  about  four  hun- 
dred and  fifty,  to  which  accessions  are  constantly 
being  made. 

Then  comes  the  Chicago  Historical  Society,  organ- 
ized April  24,  1856,  which  is  intended  to  collect  and 


to  promote  mutual  self-help  in  the  work  of  education 
and  for  social  intercourse.  It  was  established  in  a 
building  at  the  corner  of  Wabash  Avenue  and  Twen- 
ty-second Street,  where  classes  were  organized  and 
work  carried  on.  As  the  burned  over  portion  of  the 
city  began  again  to  be  covered  with  buildings,  and 
business  again  centered  down  town,  it  was  found 
necessary  to  remove  to  more  accessible  quarters.  The 
Athenaeum  went  with  the  rest.  It  obtained  good 
accommodations,  employed  competent  instructors  and 
pushed  its  work  with  vigor.  Since  that  time  it  has 
grown  to  great  proportions.  It  now  occupies  the  en- 
tire building  18-26  Van  Buren  Street,  employs  a  corps 
of  twenty  special  teachers  and  gives  instruction  in 


> 


NEWBERRY  LIBRARY,  CLARK  AND  OAK  STREETS. 


preserve  whatever  of  value  exists  as  to  the  early  his- 
tory of  Chicago  and  Illinois.  Its  home  is  on  Dearborn 
Avenue,  and  it  is  supported  by  contributions  from 
some  of  the  wealthy  men  of  Chicago,  who  are  proud 
of  their  State  and  city. 

The  Chicago  Astronomical  Society  dates  back  to 
1862.  It  is  closely  allied,  if  not  actually  connected 
with,  the  Northwestern  University.  When  the  old 
Chicago  University  was  dissolved  it  became  the  pos- 
sessor of  the  celebrated  Dearborn  Observatory  tele- 
scope, the  largest  in  the  West.  This  it  removed  to 
Evanston,  where  it  is  now  in  the  use  of  the  uni- 
versity. 

The  Chicago  Athenaeum  is  another  of  those  unat- 
tached institutions.  It  was  organized  in  October, 
1871,  immediately  after  the  great  fire.  Its  purpose  is 


five  foreign  languages,  Greek,  Latin,  French,  German 
and  Spanish.  Special  attention  is  given  to  music, 
drawing,  elocution,  English  literature,  short-hand  and 
gymnastics.  The  charges  for  tuition  are  merely 
nominal. 

The  Armour  Institute  of  Technology.— This  is  an 
institution  founded  upon  a  magnificent  endowment 
by  Philip  D.  Armour.  It  embraces  a  technical  col- 
lege, a  scientific  academy,  a  department  of  domestic 
arts,  a  department  of  commerce,  a  department  of 
music  and  a  department  of  kindergartens.  The  cur- 
riculum embraces  English  literature,  steam,  mechani- 
cal and  electrical  engineering,  chemistry,  architecture, 
mathematics,  modern  languages,  physics,  drawing, 
metallurgy,  wood-working,  machine  work,  forging, 
decoration,  painting,  gymnastics,  and  a  multitude  of 


LIBRARIES. 


97 


other  practical  matters  necessary  to  the  ambitious 
young  man  or  woman.  Manual  training  is  intro- 
duced as  a  means  of  instruction  in  the  technical  de- 
partments. 

Besides  the  equipment  of  the  several  scientific  de- 
partments, the  institute  has  a  fine  gymnasium,  a 
technical  museum  and  a  large  library,  which  is  a  dis- 
tinctive feature  in  the  life  and  thought  of  the  com- 
munity. 


which  the  City  Council  has  appropriated  nearly  $2,000,- 
000,  will  be  ready  for  occupancy  about  May,  1897. 
Messrs.  Shepley,  Rutan  and  Coolidge  are  the  designers 
of  the  architectural  monument,  which  in  its  practical 
arrangement  and  the  beauty  of  its  interior  decoration 
will  place  it  in  the  front  rank  among  the  great  library 
buildings  of  the  world. 

The  number  of  volumes  now  in  the  library  is  nearly 
220,000,  and  the  collection  is  growing  at  the  rate  of 


UNITY  UNITARIAN  CHURCH. 


The  Chicago  Public  Library  has  occupied,  since 
1886.  the  rooms  on  the  top  floor  of  the  city  hall.  So 
rapid  has  been  the  growth  of  the  library  that  those 
quarters  are  entirely  inadequate  to  meet  the  demands 
made  upon  it  by  the  55,000  readers  who  draw  books 
from  the  library  for  home  use,  and  the  thousands  who 
frequent  the  reference  and  reading  rooms.  There  has 
been  erected  on  Dearborn  Park,  on  Michigan  Avenue, 
between  Randolph  and  Washington  streets,  a  magnifi- 


10,000  volumes  a  year.  The  total  circulation  of  books 
and  periodicals  in  all  departments  in  1895  was  2,485,- 
052,  of  which  nearly  one-half  were  drawn  from  the 
library  for  home  use.  The  annual  expense  of  oper- 
ating the  library  is  $140,000.  For  the  convenience  of 
persons  living  at  a  distance  from  the  main  library  the 
Board  of  Directors  maintains  thirty-two  delivery  sta- 
tions, where  books  may  be  exchanged  free  of  charge. 
In  addition  there  are  also  in  operation  six  branch 


cent  new  home  for  the  library.      This  building,  for      reading  rooms,  each  of  which  is  equipped  with  a  well- 


98 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


selected  reference  library  and  a  selection  of  the  best 
newspapers  and  periodicals.  The  public  library  and 
all  its  branches  are  open  to  the  public  every  day  in 
the  year  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.  The  librarian  is 
Frederick  H.  Hild. 


L 


FOURTH    BAPTIST    CHURCH,    ASHLAND    BOULEVARD    AND    WKST 
MONROE    STREET 


The  Newberry  Library. — Mr.  Walter  L.  Newberry, 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Chicago,  who  attained  to  great 
wealth  through  sagacious  investments  in  its  early 
days,  died  November  6,  1868,  leaving  by  his  will  one- 
half  of  his  estate  for  the  founding  of  a  great  library 


to  hear  his  name.  More  than  one  million  of  dollars 
was  thus  realized,  which,  by  careful  investment,  has 
been  considerably  increased,  so  that  the  fund  now 
amounts  to  about  $2,500,000.  A  magnificent  library 
building  has  lately  been  erected,  costing  $500,000, 
facing  Washington  Park, 
between  Clark  Street  and 
Dearborn  Avenue.  The  li- 
brary is  being  constantly 
added  to,  so  that,  on  Janu- 
ary 1,  1896,  it  embraced 
over  140,000  volumes. 

In  addition  to  these  gen- 
eral collections  of  books, 
special  libraries  are  nu- 
merous throughout  the 
city. 

The  Law  Institute  is  one 
of  the  most  complete  and 
valuable  law  libraries  in 
America.  It  is  intended 
strictly  for  the  benefit  of 
the  bench  and  bar.  It  oc- 
cupies commodious  apart- 
ments on  the  top  floor  of 
the  county  building,  in 
close  proximity  to  the 
courts. 

Medical  Libraries.— Ex- 
tensive and  valuable  libra- 
ries exist  in  connection 
with  all  the  medical  col- 
leges and  designed  for  the 
special  use  of  their  own 
faculties  and  students,  but 
which  can  always  be 
reached  by  members  of 
the  profession  and  others 
interested. 


CHURCHES. 

Of  course,  Chicago  is 
well  furnished  with 
churches,  where  the  relig- 
iously inclined  can  obtain 
amusement  without  going 
to  the  naughty  theaters. 
Generally  the  aristocratic 
ones  maintain  famous 
preachers  and  elaborate 
choirs.  And  they  are  very 
fairly  patronized.  It  is 
impossible  to  go  into  any 
elaborate  description  of 
particular  organizations, 
but  a  person  can  find  in 
Chicago  every  variety  of 
religion,  and  almost  every 
grade  of  ability  in  advo- 
cating it,  that  may  be  de- 
sired, from  the  aristocrat- 
ic ones  on  the  boulevards 


to  the  gospel  missions  on  Van  Buren  and  on  Halsted 
streets.  And  if  none  of  these  should  suit  a  discrimin- 
ating taste,  there  remains  the  Salvation  Army  with  its 
numerous  gatherings  on  the  street  corners  and  its 
street  parades. 


100 


UNRIVALED   CHICAGO. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


PHYSICIANS. 


LEWIS  LINN  M'ARTHUR,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Lewis  Linn  McArthur  was  born  in  Boston,  Jan- 
uary 23,  1858,  his  father  being  an  officer  in  the  army. 
He  attended  primary  school  in  Chicago  Academy,  at 
Lake  Forest,  Illinois,  and  spent  a  year  at  Allen's 
Academy,  ?n  Chicago,  in  preparation  for  college.  He 
then  entered  Santa  Clara  College,  but  left  in  the 
junior  year  on  account  of  weakness  of  his  eyes.  He 
began  the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  Walker  Hay, 


LEWIS  LINN  M'ARTHUR.  M.  D. 

in  1876,  afterward  continuing  under  Dr.  John  E. 
Owens.  In  1877,  he  entered  Rush  Medical,  and  grad- 
uated in  1880,  having  been  assistant  to  Dr.  Haines, 
Demonstrator  of  Chemistry,  during  the  whole  time. 

Dr.  McArthur  was  made  interne  in  Cook  County 
Hospital  in  1880,  after  a  competitive  examination,  tak- 
ing first  place.  He  spent  one  year  abroad  in  study,  at 
Heidelberg  and  Vienna,  especially  in  the  field  of  sur- 
gery, obstetrics,  nose  and  throat,  and  of  toxicology. 

On  his  return  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  spring 
course  of  chemical  lectures  at  Rush,  during  Prof. 
Haines'  absence,  after  which  he  lectured  for  three 
years  in  the  Chicago  College  of  Dental  Surgery  as  Pro- 
fessor of  Chemistry. 

Dr.  McArthur  occupies  a  place  on  the  staff  of  the 
Michael  Reese  Hospital,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  and  the 
Chicago  Orphan  Asylum.  He  is  a  member  of  many  of 
the  leading  medical  societies  and  stands  high  in  the 
profession. 


ARTHUR  DEAN  BEVAN,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Arthur  Dean  Bevan  was  born  in  Chicago,  in 
1861.  He  was  prepared  for  college  in  the  Chicago 
High  School.  He  entered  the  scientific  department  at 
Yale;  but,  at  the  beginning  of  his  junior  year,  he  left 
the  college  to  begin  his  medical  studies  at  Rush, 
where  he  graduated  with  high  honors  in  the  class 
of  '83. 

Passing   the  examinations  he  entered   the  United 


ARTHUR  DEAN  BEVAN.  M.  D. 

States  Marine  Hospital  Service,  in  which  he  remained 
until  1888.  While  stationed  in  Portland,  Oregon,  he 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  medical 
department  of  the  State  University.  In  1888,  he  was 
appointed  to  the  chair  of  anatomy  at  Rush;  and,  in 
1890,  surgeon  to  the  Presbyterian  Hospital,  Chicago. 
Two  years  later  he  spent  a  term  in  the  University  of 
Leipzig,  and  did  some  special  work  in  Vienna  and 
Berlin. 

In  1895,  he  was  appointed  surgeon  to  St.  Luke's 
and  also  St.  Elizabeth  Hospitals,  and  Professor 
of  Surgery  in  the  Woman's  Medical  School.  In  1896, 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Anna  L.  Barbee. 

Dr.  Bevan  is  a  member  of  many  medical  societies, 
and  Vice  President  of  the  Chicago  Medical. 

He  has  won  distinction  both  as  a  teacher  of  anato- 
my and  as  an  operating  surgeon,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  prominent  among  the  younger  surgeons  of  the 
West. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


101 


WILLIAM  T.  BELFIELD,  M.  D. 

Dr.  William  T.  Belfleld  was  born  at  St.  Louis,  Mis- 
souri, in  1856.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  Chicago  gram- 
mar, the  high  school,  and  the  Michigan  University. 
Since  his  graduation  he  taught  Latin  and  mathemat- 
ics in  the  Chicago  High  School  for  four  years.  He 
then  took  a  regular  course  at  the  Rush  Medical  Col- 
lege, graduating  in  1878,  after  which  he  served  a 
term  as  resident  physician  at  the  Cook  County  Hospital. 
In  order  to  perfect  his  equipment  for  his  life  work,  he 
then  went  abroad  and  spent  two  years  in  thegreat  med- 
ical schools  and  hospitals  of  Vienna,  Paris  and  London. 
On  his  return 
he  was  made 
profess  or  of 
b  acteriology 
and  lecturer  on 
surgery  in  Rush 
Medical  C  o  1  - 
lege,  professor 
of  genito-urin- 
ary  diseases  in 
the  Chicago 
Policlinic,  and 
professor  of 
surgery  in  the 
Chicago  College 
of  Dental  Sur- 
gery. He  has 
been  five  years 
surgeon  of  the 
Cook  County 
Hospital ;  was 
lecturer  for  the 
C  ar twrig  h  t 
fund,  New 
York,  in  1883; 
and  was  Presi- 
dent of  the  Chi- 
c  a  g  o  Medical 
Society  in  1887. 
He  is  a  member 
of  the  Ameri- 
can Association 
of  Genito-Urin- 
a  r  y  Surgery, 
and  of  the  Ath- 
letic, the  Mar- 
quette,  and  the 
Literary  Clubs. 
He  is  also  au- 
thor of  a  vol- 
ume in  World's 
Standard  L  i  - 
brary,  "The 
Diseases  of  the 
Urinary  and 
Male  Sexual 

o?  {£  — < 

"System  of  Genito-Urinary  Diseases."  He  has  ac- 
quired an  almost  world-wide  reputation  in  this  special 
branch  of  medicine  and  surgery. 

JOHN  ERASMUS  HARPER,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 

Dr.  John  E.  Harper,  one  of  the  most  eminent  eje 
and  ear  specialists  in  America,  was  born  in  Trigg 
County,  Kentucky,  in  1851.  His  parents  soon  moved 
to  Evansville,  Indiana,  where  he  was  brought  up.  He 
read  medicine  under  Dr.  George  B.  Walker,  of  Evans- 
ville, and  then  took  a  full  course  in  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  New  York.  At  gradua- 
tion he  received  first  prize  for  best  examination  in 
diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear.  He  then  took  a  post- 


graduate course  in  the  hospitals  of  London,  Paris,  and 
Vienna.  On  his  return,  he  was  made  a  professor  in 
the  medical  college  of  Evansville;  but  he  resigned  in 
1882,  to  accept  a  professorship  of  diseases  of  the  eye 
and  ear  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  of 
Chicago.  His  conspicuous  ability  contributed  largely 
to  the  success  of  this  school.  For  nine  years  he  was 
surgeon-in-chief  to  the  eye  and  ear  department  of  the 
West  Side  Free  Dispensary,  and  five  years  visiting 
surgeon  to  the  eye  and  ear  department  of  the  Illinois 
Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary.  He  has  also  filled  the  same 
position  in  numerous  private  institutions.  He  is  a 
member  of  many  of  the  medical  societies,  especially 
those  relating  to  his  specialty.  He  was  also  editor  of  the 

Western  Medi- 
c  a  1  Reporter 
for  fifteen 
years. 

S  A   N  G  E   R 

BROWN, 

M.  D. 

Dr.  S  a  n  g  e  r 
Brown  was 
born  at  Bloom- 
field,  Ontario, 
February  1  6  , 
1852.  He  lived 
on  a  farm  until 
he  was  twenty- 
one  years  old. 
Ho  then  at- 
tended the  Al- 
bert College 
University  a  t 
Bellville,  Ont., 
where  he  ma- 
triculated in 
arts  and  civil 
engineering.  He 
pursued  his 
studies  in  civil 
engineering  un- 
til 1877,  when 
he  took  up  the 
study  of  medl- 
cine  at  the 
Bellevue  Hos- 
p  i  t  a  1  Medical 
College,  New 
York  City.  Af- 
ter graduation 
in  1880,  he  be- 
came assistant 
physician  o  n 
the  medical 
staff  of  the  New 
York  City  In- 
sane Asylum,  at 

T.  H*™D.  M.  D.  IKUSS 

thjre    fifteen    months    he    was    appointed    assistant 


physician  at  the  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  at 
Danvers,  Mass.,  which  he  resigned  after  eight  months 
to  accept  a  similar  one  at  Bloomingdale  Asylum, 
where  he  remained  four  years.  In  both  positions  he 
was  eminently  successful. 

Dr.  Brown  was  married  in  1885  to  Miss  Belle  Chris- 
tie, of  Chicago. 

In  the  fall  of  1886  he  went  to  London  and  began  a 
series  of  original  investigations  in  the  laboratory  of 
University  College  with  Prof.  Schafer,  on  the  brains 
of  monkeys,  for  the  purpose  of  locating  the  centers 
of  the  various  special  senses.  The  results  were  em- 
bodied in  a  paper  presented  to  the  Royal  Society  of 
London,  and  published  in  the  philosophical  transac- 


102 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


tions.  (Vol.  179  (1888),  B.,  pp.  303-327.  Returning 
from  Europe  he  settled  in  Chicago  in  1889,  where 
he  has  since  remained  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. 

In  1890  he  was  appointed  professor  of  nervous  and 
mental  diseases  in  the  Post  Graduate  Medical  School 
of  Chicago,  and  in  1891  professor  of  medical  jurispru- 


Chicago,  and  professor  of  diseases  of  the  nose,  throat 
and  ear  of  the  Illinois  Medical  College.    He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  a  great  number  of  medical  and  other  societies. 
The   training    Dr.   Bishop   received   during   youth, 


SANGER  BROWN,  M.  D. 

dence  and  hygiene  in  Rush  Medical  College,  both  of 
which  positions  he  still  holds.  He  is  attending  phy- 
sician in  the  neurological  departments  of  the  St. 
Elizabeth  and  St.  Luke's  hospitals;  a  member  of  most 
of  the  local,  state  and  national  medical  societies,  and 
an  active  member  of  the  Neurological  Society  of 
London. 

SETH  SCOTT  BISHOP,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 

Dr.  Seth  Scott  Bishop  was  -born  in  Fond  du  Lac, 
Wis.,  February  7,  1852.  He  took  a  three  years'  course 
at  Beloit  College,  after  attending  the  preliminary  and 
regular  courses  in  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  New  York,  in  the  fall  and  winter  of 
1871-2.  Subsequently  he  studied  under  Dr.  S.  S.  Bow- 
ers, of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  entered  the  Chicago  Medical 
College.  Here  he  graduated  in  1876  and  established 
himself  in  practice  at  Fond  du  Lac.  In  the  fall  of 
1879  he  removed  to  Chicago. 

Dr.  Bishop  has  devoted  himself  in  recent  years 
mainly  to  one  special  branch  of  practice,  in  which  he 
has  carried  forward  a  series  of  original  researches. 
His  contrbutions  to  medical  literature,  on  those  sub- 
jects, have  attracted  wide  attention  from  the  profes- 
sion and  made  a  demand  for  a  more  extended  and  for- 
mal presentation  of  the  results  of  his  studies.  In 
response  to  that  demand,  Dr.  Bishop  has  in  course  of 
publication  a  work  on  "Diseases  of  the  Ear,  Nose  and 
Throat,"  which  is  to  be  used  as  a  text  book  in  the 
medical  colleges. 

Dr.  Bishop  has  been  a  member  of  the  staff  of  the 
South  Side  Free  Dispensary  and  the  West  Side  Free 
Dispensary;  is  surgeon  to  the  Illinois  Masonic  Or- 
phan's Home,  and  the  Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and 
Ear  Infirmary,  and  consulting  surgeon  to  the  Silver 
Cross  Hospital  at  Joliet.  He  is  professor  of  otology 
In  the  Post  Graduate  Medical  School  and  Hospital  of 


SETH   SCOTT  BISHOP,   M.   D. 

while  serving  his  time  in  the  printing  office  of  a  coun- 
try newspaper,  has  naturally  inclined  him  to  cultivate 
journalistic  work,  in  which  he  has  been  engaged  for  a 
number  of  years.  He  is  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
"Laryngascope,"  a  journal  devoted  to  diseases  of  the 
nose,  throat  and  ear,  and  writes  extensively  for  other 
journals  in  this  and  other  countries. 


THE  GREATEST  MEDICAL  CENTER. 

Nowhere  else  in  this  city  or  the  world  is  to  be 
found,  within  so  small  a  compass,  so  many  first-class 
institutions  for  the  practice  and  teaching  of  medicine. 
A  glance  at  the  accompanying  engraving  will  give 
the  reader  a  comprehensive  view  of  this  district. 
Clustered  around  the  Cook  County  Hospital  (No.  1), 
which  of  itself  is  probably  second  in  importance  to 
none  in  America,  and  which  occupies  the  entire  square 
bounded  by  Harrison,  Polk,  Wood  and  Lincoln  streets, 
will  be  found  Rush  Medical  College  (No.  9),  with  its 
magnificent  laboratory  building  (No.  11),  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  (Nos.  2  and  4),  the  Illi- 
nois Training  School  for  Nurses  (No.  6),  Congress 
Hall  (No.  5),  Presbyterian  Hospital  (No.  8),  the  Chi- 
cago College  of  Dental  Surgery  (No.  10),  the  Chi- 
cago Homeopathic  Medical  College  (No.  12),  the  Wom- 
an's College  (No.  13),  and  the  Dunham  Medical  Col- 
lege, at  the  corner  of  York  and  Wood  streets,  just 
beyond  the  view  shown  in  the  cut. 

In  addition  to  these  purely  medical  institutions  are 
the  West  Division  High  School  (No.  3)  and  the  Mar- 
quette  school  buildings  (No.  7),  which  altogether 
makes  the  most  remarkable  group  to  be  found  any- 
where in  the  world. 

Visitors  to  Chicago  who  wish  to  reach  this  center 
direct  from  the  depots  can  do  so  as  follows,  viz.: 

From  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  depot,  cross 
Wells  street  bridge  from  the  depot,  walk  south  to 
Madison  street  and  take  the  Ogden  avenue  trailer 
attached  to  Madison  street  cars.  Get  off  at  Wood 
street. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


103 


From  Union  depot,  take  Ogclen  avenue  trailer,  at- 
tached to  Madison  street  car  at  the  corner  of  Madi- 
son and  Canal  street. 

From  the  Wisconsin  Central  depot,  take  Harrison 
street  car  direct  to  County  Hospital.  . 

From  the  Rock  Island  and  Michigan  Southern  depot 
take  Van  Buren  street  cars  at  the  door.  Get  off  at 
Wood  street. 

From  Polk  street  depot,  walk  north  on  Dearborn 
street  to  Van  Buren  and  take  Van  Buren  street  cars. 
Get  off  at  Wood  street. 

From  Illinois  Central  depot,  take  Wabash  avenue 
car  at  12th  street  north  to  Van  Buren,  walk  two  blocks 
west  to  Dearborn  and  take  Van  Buren  street  car 
to  Wood  street. 

Early  in  1897  the  Elevated  Union  Loop  will  be  corn- 


third  year,  an  attack  of  typhoid  induced  him  to  re- 
linquish medicine.  Two  years  later  his  medical  stud- 
ies were  resumed  at  Queen's  College,  Kingston,  Can- 
ada, and  after  two  years  graduated  with  honors.  For 
several  years  the  young  doctor  practiced  in  his  nativa 
village  of  Lyn.  Desiring  to  perfect  himself  in  one 
special  branch  of  his  profession,  Dr.  Coleman  turned 
his  attention  to  the  department  of  eye  and  ear.  He 
spent  a  year  in  England  at  Moorfield's  Eye  Hospital 
and  the  London  Hospital,  at  the  close  of  which  he  took 
the  degree  of  M.  R.  C.  S.  England.  Returning  to  Can- 
ada, he  settled  in  Toronto,  forming  a  partnership  with 
Dr.  Rosebrugh,  an  oculist  and  aurist  of  established 
reputation.  He  soon  after  was  appointed  surgeon 
to  the  Toronto  Eye  and  Ear  infirmary,  which  position 
he  held  for  seven  years.  With  a  view  of  acquiring 


BIRD'S-EYE    VIEW    OF    MEDICAL    CENTER. 


pleted  in  the  downtown  district,  from  Fifth  avenue  to 
Wabash,  on  which  trains  will  run  from  all  the  ele- 
vated roads  in  the  city.  Passengers  can  then  trans- 
fer from  any  of  them  or  take  the  Garfield  Perk  line  of 
the  Metropolitan  Elevated,  at  any  point  on  the  loop, 
and  get  off  at  Ogden  station,  only  a  few  steps  away 
from  this  great  medioal  center. 

The  Post-Graduate  Medical  School  formerly  occu- 
pied the  building  marked  2  in  the  accompanying 
cut;  hut  it  outgrew  Up  accommodations  and  was  com- 
pelled to  remove  to  the  south  division  of  the  city, 
where  it  built  one  of  the  most  extensive  colleges  in 
America.  The  old  building  now  serves  as  a  hospital 
for  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 

W.   FRANKLIN   COLEMAN,  M.   D.,  M.   R.  C.  S. 

Dr.  W.  Franklin  Coleman  was  born  in  Brockville, 
Canada.  He  began  the  study  of  medicine  at  McGill 
College,  Montreal,  where,  at  the  completion  of  his 


further  knowledge  in  his  specialty,  Dr.  Coleman  went 
abroad,  spending  a  year  in  the  clinics  of  Vienna  and 
Heidelberg,  under  the  guidance  of  Jaeger,  Politzer 
and  O'Becker.  Upon  his  return  to  Canada  he  selected 
St.  Johns,  N.  B.,  as  his  field  for  special  practice;  and 
here  another  seven  years'  service  won  him  a  Rachael 
and  goodly  wages.  But  the  oculist's  ambition  out- 
stripped the  confines  of  this  quiet  Canadian  city;  and 
having,  in  addition  to  a  large  private  practice,  gained 
a  rich  experience  from  his  position  as  sole  oculist  and 
aurist  to  the  Provincial  Hospital,  he  again  turned 
westward  and  settled  in  Chicago,  where,  in  a  few 
years,  he  has  earned  a  good  practice  and  wide  reputa- 
tion. Finding  here  no  school  for  graduates  in  medi- 
cine, Dr.  Coleman,  after  a  year  of  persevering  labor, 
succeeded  in  organizing  the  Chicago  Policlinic.  The 
management  of  this  institution  proving  unsatisfactory 
to  himself  and  some  of  his  colleagues,  they  established 
the  Post  Graduate  Medical  School  of  Chicago.  Dr. 
Coleman  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Opthalmological 


104 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


Society,  of  the  Chicago  Medical  Society,  of  the  Illinois 
State  Medical  Society  and  of  the  American  Medical 
Association.  He  is  oculist  and  aurist  to  the  Chicago 
Charity  Hospital,  president  and  oculist  to  the  Post 
Graduate  Hospital,  director  and  professor  of  ophthal- 


W.  FRANKLIN  COLEMAN,  M.  D. 

mology  in  the  Post  Graduate  Medical  School  of  Chi- 
cago; also  examiner  of  pension  claims  for  eye  and 
ear  applicants. 

HENRY  T.  BYFORD,  M.  D. 
Dr.  Henry  T.  Byford  was  born  in  1853,  at  Evans- 


in  Chicago.  At  eleven,  he  was  sent  to  school  in  Ger- 
many. Three  years  later  he  graduated  at  the  high 
school  in  Berlin.  After  one  term  at  the  Chicago  Uni- 
versity, he  began  a  course  at  Williston  Seminary, 
graduating  from  the  scientific  department  in  1870. 
He  then  entered  the  Chicago  Medical  College  and  grad- 
uated in  1873,  valedictorian  of  his  class,  at  the  age  of 
nineteen.  Even  while  a  student,  he  passed  an  ex- 
amination and  was  appointed  interne  at  Mercy  Hos- 
pital. Since  his  graduation  his  progress  in  his  pro- 
fession has  been  rapid.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Post  Graduate  Medical  School,  holding  the  chair 
of  gynaecology.  He  is  professor  of  gynaecology  in 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  clinical  pro- 
fessor of  gynaecology  in  the  Woman's  Medical  Col- 
lege; gynaecologist  to  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  and  sur- 
geon to  the  Woman's  Hospital.  He  is  an  active  mem- 
ber of  several  medical  societies. 

In  addition  to  his  fame  as  a  physician  he  has  a 
wide  renown  as  an  inventor.  Many  of  the  now  popular 
surgical  operations  were  devised  by  him,  and  in  ad- 
dition to  that  he  possesses  a  genius  for  mechanics 
which  has  enabled  him  to  turn  out  a  great  number  of 
mechanical  appliances  for  use  in  his  profession,  of 
great  practical  utility. 

Dr.  Byford  was  married  November  9,  1882,  to  Miss 
Lucy  Lamed,  a  woman  of  rare  taste  and  accomplish- 
ments. They  have  four  children,  two  girls  and  two 
boys. 

JOSEPH  ELLIOTT  COLBURN,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Joseph  Elliott  Colburn  was  born  in  Massena, 
St.  Lawrence  County,  N.  Y.,  September  22,  1853. 
After  leaving  school  he  began  the  study  of  medicine 


HENRY    T.    BYFORD,    M.    D. 

ville,  Ind.    He  was  given  exceptional  advantages  by 
his  father,  Dr.  W.  H.  Byford,  an  eminent  practitioner 


JOSEPH  E.  COLBURN,  M.   D. 

with  Dr.  Orrin  McFadden,  at  Massena,  and  afterward 
entered  the  Medical  College  at  Albany,  in  1873.  He 
graduated  in  1877  and  began  practice  as  assistant  to 
Dr.  Fisher,  at  Colton,  New  York.  At  Dr.  Fisher's 
death  Dr.  Colburn  succeeded  to  his  practice.  In  time 
this  extended,  and  he  was  obliged  to  transfer  his  resi- 
dence to  Canton.  Here  he  engaged  in  the  special  study 
of  the  eye  and  ear,  prosecuting  his  researches  in  the 
New  York  Charity  Hospital.  In  1882  he  came  to  Chi- 
cago on  a  visit,  where  he  was  offered  a  position  as 
assistant  surgeon  of  the  eye  department  of  the  Illi- 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


105 


nois  State  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  which  he  accepted, 
and  thus  became  a  resident  of  this  city.  In  Decem- 
ber of  the  same  year  Dr.  Colburn  was  appointed  oph- 
thalmic surgeon  to  the  Central  Free  Dispensary.  In 
the  spring  of  1883  he  was  elected  assistant  medical 
director  to  the  Northwestern  Masonic  Aid  Association, 
and  in  1886  he  helped  to  organize  the  first  Post  Grad- 
uate Medical  School,  the  Chicago  Policlinic,  of  which 
he  has  been  a  lecturer  since  that  time.  In  1888  he  was 
appointed  surgeon  of  Cook  County  Hospital,  and  in 
1890  went  abroad  for  observation  and  study. 

In  1893  Dr.  Colburn's  business  became  so  large  that 
he  withdrew  from  the  Northwestern  Masonic  Aid  As- 
sociation, and  other  outside  connections,  except  the 
Chicago  Policlinic.  His  contributions  to  the  litera- 
ture of  the  profession  have  been  confined  almost  ex- 
clusively to  the  relation  of  functional  nervous  dis- 
eases to  the  eye,  and  the  errors  and  maladjustment  of 
the  external  muscles  of  the  eye;  also  excentric  poses 
of  the  head,  due  to  cross-eyes  and  like  mal-forma- 
tions. 

Dr.  Colburn  is  married  to  Miss  Lettie  M.  Ellis,  of 
Colton,  N.  Y. 

DR.  CHARLES  GILBERT  DAVIS. 

Both  the  father  and  mother  of  this  eminent  physi- 
cian and  surgeon  were  professors  of  the  healing  art, 
and  the  father,  Dr.  George  W.  Davis,  was  renowned 
in  Kansas  both  for  his  courage  and  learning.  The  in- 
stitutions of  learning  and  practice  through  which  Dr. 
Davis  has  passed  are  many,  and  include  the  Christian 
University  of  Ottumwa,  Kan.;  the  Cincinnati  Eclectic 
Medical  Institute,  the  Virginia  University,  the  Quar- 
antine Hospital  of  St.  Louis,  the  Missouri  Medical  Col- 
lege, and  the  International  Hospital  at  Paris,  France, 
wTiere  he  passed  six  months  under  the  eye  of  the 


CHAS.  G.   DAVIS,  M. 


world-renowned  surgeon,  Dr.  Pean.  He  has  also  at- 
tended the  principal  clinics  of  Europe.  Dr.  Davis 
founded  the  National  Christian  Temperance  Hospital 
of  Chicago,  and  is  surgeon-in-chief  of  the  Chicago  Bap- 
tist Hospital.  He  has  occupied  his  present  offices  for 
a  quarter  of  a  century,  and  lives  on  Prairie  avenue, 
near  Twenty-sixth  street.  He  is  still  in  the  prime  of 
life,  is  married,  and  is  the  father  of  two  sons  ap- 
proaching manhood. 


NATHAN  SMITH  DAVIS,  JR.,  M.   D. 

Dr.  Nathan  Smith  Davis,  Jr.,  Chicago,  111.,  son  of 
Nathan  S.  and  Anna  M.  (Parker)  Davis,  was  born 
September  5,  1858,  at  Chicago,  111.  After  receiving 
a  preliminary  education  at  private  schools  in  Chicago, 
he  attended  Northwestern  University,  from  which  he 
received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1880,  and  A.  M.  in  1883. 
He  begun  the  study  of  medicine  with  his  father,  Dr. 


N.   S.   DAVIS,  JR.,  M.  D. 

Nathan  S.  Davis,  in  1880;  attended  three  courses  of 
lectures  at  the  Chicago  Medical  College,  and  grad- 
uated in  1883,  when  he  began  practice  in  Chicago,  and 
has  continued  it  since.  In  1885  he  took  a  post-grad- 
uate course  in  medicine  at  Heidelberg,  Germany,  and 
Vienna,  Austria. 

Dr.  Davis  was  made  associate  professor  of  pathology 
in  Northwestern  University  Medical  College  in  1884, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  professorship  of  princi- 
ples and  practice  of  medicine  and  of  clinical  medicine, 
in  the  same  school,  in  1886.  He  became  physician  to 
Mercy  Hospital  in  1884.  He  was  formerly  secretary 
of  the  section  of  practice  of  medicine  in  the  American 
Medical  Association,  member  of  the  council  of  the 
section  of  pathology,  Ninth  International  Medical 
Congress,  and  of  the  council  of  the  section  of  prac- 
tice, Pan-American  Medical  Congress;  chairman  of 
the  section  of  practice,  Illinois  State  Medical  Society, 
1893;  trustee  of  Northwestern  University;  and  mem- 
ber of  the  general  board  of  management  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  of  Chicago.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Medical  Association,  American 
Academy  of  Medicine,  Illinois  State  Medical  Society, 
Chicago  Medical  Society,  Chicago  Medico-Legal  So- 
ciety, Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences,  Illinois  State  Mi- 
croscopical Society,  Chicago  Literary  Club,  etc. 

Dr.  Davis  is  the  author  of  numerous  contributions 
to  medical  literature  and  of  two  books:  "Consump- 
tion: How  to  Prevent  It  and  How  to  Live  with  It," 
intended  for  physicians  and  consumptives;  also  a 
work  on  "Diseases  of  the  Lungs.  Heart  and  Kidneys." 

He  married,  in  1884,  at  Madison,  Wis.,  Miss  Jessie 
B.,  daughter  of  the  late  Judge  Hopkins.  They  have 
two  children  living,  Nathan  Smith  Davis,  third,  and 
Ruth  Davis;  one  child  is  deceased. 


106 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


ALLEN  CORSON  COWPERTHWAIT,  M.  D.,  PH.  D., 
LL.  D 

Allen  Corson  Cowperthwait  was  born  May  3,  1848, 
at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  His  father  was  a  dentist,  a  gen- 
tleman of  liberal  culture,  a  graduate  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and  noted  as  a  mathematician,  being 
author  of  a  work  on  the  calculus. 

In  his  infancy  his  parents  moved  to  Toulon,  111., 
where  he  'was  brought  up  in  a  new  and  undeveloped 
country.  He  obtained,  by  way  of  schooling,  whatever 
the  common  country  schools  could  give,  to  which  he 
added  a  course  at  the  Toulon  Seminary.  He  contin- 
ued his  studies,  working  in  the  meanwhile  at  the 
printer's  trade  and  as  book  and  insurance  agent.  "Par- 
son Brownlow's 
Book,"for  which 
he  was  agent, 
was  one  of  his 
successes.  I  t 
was  a  material 
assistance  i  n 
enabling  him  to 
sustain  himself 
in  his  studies. 
He  spent  four 
years  at  this 
kind  of  work, 
when  he  began 
the  study  of 
medicine,  under 
Dr.  Bacmeister, 
of  Toulon.  Af- 
terward he  stud- 
ied under  the 
celebrated  D  r. 
Constan  tine 
Hering,  of  Phil- 
adelphia, grad- 
uating from  the 
Hahn  e  m  a  n  n 
Medical  College 
of  Philadelphia 
on  March  3, 
1869.  After  re- 
ceiving his  di- 
ploma he  locat- 
ed for  practice 
at  Galva,  Henry 
County,  Illinois. 
Here  he  re- 
mained for  four 
years,  until  he 
removed  to  Ne- 
b  r  a  s  k  a  City, 
Neb. 

Dr.  Cowper- 
thwait was  one 
of  the  pioneers 
in  homoeo- 
pathy  in  Ne- 
braska; and  it 
was  mainly  'by 
his  efforts  that 

the  homoeopathic  physicians  of  the  state  were  organ- 
ized into  the  Nebraska  State  Homoeopathic  Medical 
Association.  It  has  since  become  a  very  flourishing 
organization.  He  also  contributed  extensively  to  the 
literature  of  medicine,  soon  becoming  a  recognized  au- 
thority on  many  subjects.  In  1876  his  first  complete 
medical  work  was  published,  "Insanity  in  Its  Medico- 
Legal  Relations,"  and  in  the  same  year  he  lectured 
before  the  faculty  and  students  of  the  Central  Univer- 
sity of  Iowa,  so  effectually  that  the  institution  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  degree  of  doctor  of  philosophy. 
In  1877  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  mental  and 
nervous  diseases  in  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College 


ALLEN  C.  COWPERTHWAIT,  M.   D. 


of  Philadelphia;  but  about  the  same  time  he  was  ten- 
dered the  position  of  dean  and  professor  of  materia 
medica  in  the  newly  organized  homoeopathic  medical 
department  of  the  State  University  of  Iowa,  which  he 
accepted.  This  position  he  held  for  fifteen  years,  un- 
til he  removed  to  Chicago  in  1892. 

Dr.  Cowperthwait  is  the  author  of  several  valuable 
medical  works,  all  of  which  have  met  with  a  large  de- 
mand. In  1880  the  first  edition  of  his  "Materia  Med- 
ica" appeared,  and  it  has  since  passed  through  seven 
editions,  being  the  most  extensively  used  as  a  text 
book  of  any  on  that  subject  published.  In  1888  his 
"Gynaecology"  was  published  and  was  well  received 
by  the  profession.  In  1885  Shurtleff  College,  at  Alton, 
111.,  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  doctor  of  laws 

in  recognition 
of  his  great  lit- 
erary attain- 
ments,  and  in 
1887  he  was 
elected  a  fellow 
of  the  So- 
ciety of  Sci- 
ence, Literature 
and  Arts,  of 
London,  Eng- 
land. 

Dr.  Cowper- 
thwait has  been 
six  times  ten- 
dered a  chair  in 
the  University 
of  M  i  c  h  i  gan, 
and  in  1884  he 
accepted  the 
chair  of  materia 
medica  and 
therapeutics  in 
the  Homoeo- 
pathic Medical 
College  of  that 
institution  and 
became  dean  of 
the  faculty,  still 
retaining  h  i  s 
connection  with 
the  University 
of  Iowa,  but  at 
the  end  of  one 
year  he  found 
that  the  de- 
mands were  too 
heavy  for  his 
endurance  and 
he  resigned  his 
Michigan  a  p- 
pointment. 

In  1892  Dr. 
Cowperthwait 
removed  to  Chi- 
cago and  was  at 
once  elected 
professor  of  ma- 
teria  medica 
and  therapeutics  in  the  Chicago  Homoeopathic  Col- 
lege, which  place  he  still  holds.  Since  coming  to  Chi- 
cago he  has  been  honored  with  many  hospital  ap- 
pointments. He  is  also  prominent  in  all  the  medical 
societies  to  which  he  belongs.  He  has  held  official 
positions  in  nearly  all  of  them.  He  is  an  active  and 
influential  member  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows,  having  filled  every  subordinate  position  in 
the  lodge.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  grand  lodges 
of  Illinois.  Iowa  and  Nebraska,  and  has  occupied  the 
highest  offices  in  the  grand  encampment. 

The  doctor  has  always  been  prominent  in  the  ac- 
tivities of  the  state  and  national  medical  societies 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


107 


and  is  an  honorary  member  of  several  state  associa- 
tions. He  has  been  president  of  the  state  societies 
of  both  Iowa  and  Nebraska.  In  1875  he  became  a 
member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy, 
having  attended  every  meeting  since  and  been  closely 
identified  with  its  work.  In  1884  he  was  chosen  to  the 
vice  presidency  and  in  1887  was  elected  president  of 
the  latter  body. 

In  religion  Dr.  Cowperthwait  is  a  Baptist,  having 
been  closly  identified  with  the  work  of  that  denomina- 
tion since  1866.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican.  He 
was  married  in  1870  to  Miss  Ida  E.  Irving,  of  Osca- 
loosa,  Iowa.  One  son  and  a  daughter  have  been  the 
fruit  of  this  union. 

Professionally  Dr.  Cowperthwait  has  made  his  great- 
e  s  t  reputation 
as  a  specialist 
in  the  success- 
t  u  1  treatment 
with  medicines 
of  the  various 
diseases  pecu- 
liar to  women 
and  without  the 
use  of  the  knife, 
except  in  pure- 
1  y  surgical 
cases,  he  being 
unalterably  op- 
posed to  the 
present  popular 
method  of  oper- 
ating upon  all 
cases  presented 
for  treatment. 

JAMES  HENRY 

ETHERIDGE, 

M.  D. 

Dr.  James 
Henry  Ether- 
idge,  who  for 
twenty  -  five 
years  has  occu- 
pied a  leading 
place,  not  only 
in  the  practice 
of  medicine,  but 
in  teaching  it, 
was  born  i  n 
Johnsville,  N. 
Y.,  March  20, 
1844.  His  fath- 
er, Dr.  Francis 
B.  Etheridge, 
was  a  physician 
and  surgeon  for 
forty-seven 
years.  His  moth- 
er was  Fanny 
Easton,  of  Con- 
necticut. Hisan- 
cestry  on  his 

father's  side,  for  five  generations  and  on  his  moth- 
er's for  seven,  were  English.  His  father  served  as 
surgeon  of  one  of  the  Minnesota  volunteer  regiments 
during  the  war.  He  died  at  Hastings,  Minn.,  in  1871. 

Dr.  James  H.  Etheridge,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
early  received  just  as  complete  a  training  as  the  com- 
mon schools  of  New  York  furnished.  He  had  pre- 
pared himself,  and  fitted  himself  to  enter  the  junior 
class  at  Harvard,  at  the  time  of  the  breaking  out  of 
the  war;  but  that  put  an  end  to  his  aspirations  in 
that  direction.  He  determined  to  devote  his  life  to 
medicine,  and  in  this  he  had  the  assistance  of  his 
father,  with  whom  he  took  a  four  year  course  of  read- 


JAMES  H.   ETHERIDGE,   M.   D. 


ing  and  then  entered  the  University  of  Michigan, 
where  he  took  a  one  year  course  of  medicine  with  his 
father;  attended  one  course  of  medicine  at  the  medi- 
cal department  of  the  University  of  Michigan  and  a 
two  years'  course  at  the  Rush  Medical  College,  at 
Chicago.  Afterward,  from  1869  to  1870,  inclusive,  he 
spent  in  Europe  in  study  at  the  famous  hospitals  of 
of  the  principal  cities. 

In  1871  Dr.  Etheridge  returned  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  in  Chicago.  He  was,  almost  at  once, 
elected  as  lecturer  on  materia  medica  and  therapeu- 
tics in  his  Alma  Mater,  the  Rush  Medical  College, 
which  he  held  for  two  years,  after  which  he  was  reg- 
ularly elected  to  a  professorship,  occupying  successive- 
ly the  chairs  of  materia  medica,  therapeutics,  medical 

jurisprudence, 
gynaecology 
and  obstetrics 
and  gynaecol- 
ogy. He  is  one 
of  the  gynaecol- 
ogists of  the 
Pres  byt  erian 
Hospital  and  of 
the  Central 
Free  Dispensa- 
ry; also  of  the 
Chicago  P  o  1  i- 
clinic  Hospital. 
He  has  occu- 
pied a  position 
on  the  staff  of 
the  Woman's 
Hospital  of  the 
State  of  Illinois; 
and  for  many 
years  was  con- 
nected with  the 
St.  Joseph's  and 
St.  Luke's  Hos- 
pitals. He  is  an 
occasional  con- 
tributor to  the 
medical  jour- 
nals, and  a 
member  of  the 
ChicagoMedical 
Society,  the  Chi- 
cago Medico- 
Legal  Society, 
the  Gynaecolog 
ical  Society  (of 
which  he  was 
president 
in  1890), the  Illi- 
nois Society,  the 
International 
Medical  C  o  n- 
gress  of  Ob- 
stetricians and 
Gynaecologists 
and  of  the  Pan- 
American  Medi- 
c  a  1  Congress. 
He  was  president  of  the  Chicago  Medical  Society  in 
1887  and  of  the  Chicago  Gynaecological  Society  in 
1889. 

Dr.  Etheridge  has  been  a  conspicuous  figure  in  the 
medical  world  of  Chicago  for  many  years.  He  stands 
in  the  very  front  rank  of  the  practitioners  of  his 
day,  a  broad,  liberal  minded  and  progressive  man; 
and  with  more  than  ordinary  ability  in  his  pro- 
fession. 

Dr.  Etheridge  was  married  June  20,  1870,  to  Har- 
riett Elizabeth  Powers,  of  Evanston,  a  daughter  of 
Herman  G.  Powers,  of  the  same  place,  who  was  long 
identified  with  the  banking  and  commercial  inter- 


108 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


ests  of  Chicago.  They  have  two  daughters.  Dr. 
Etheridge  is  a  Presbyterian  in  religion  and  a  repub- 
lican in  politics;  but  in  local  matters  he  cuts  loose 
from  party  ties  and  votes  for  the  best  men  regardless 
of  politics. 

In  personal  appearance,  Dr.  Etheridge  is  tall  and 
commanding  in  appearance.  He  is  more  than  average 
weight,  genial,  courteous  and  refined,  popular  alike 
with  all  who  come  to  know  him.  He  easily  wins 
casual  acquaintances  and  holds  those  who  know  him 
well. 

JOHN    E.    OILMAN,    M.    D. 

Dr.  John  E.  Oilman,  one  of  Chicago's  most  illustrious 
p  h  y  s  i  cians, 
comes  of  a  long 
line  of  ancestry 
of  far  more 
than  ordinary 
ability  and  at- 
tainme^its.  In 
1638,  John  Oil- 
man, an  Eng- 
lishman and  a 
Puritan,  came 
to  America  and 
settled  at  Exe- 
ter, New  Hamp- 
shire. He  was 
active  in  colo- 
nial a  ff  a  i  r  s; 
and,  in  1680, 
was  one  of  the 
royal  commis- 
sioners at  the 
time  of  the 
separation  o  f 
New  Hamp- 
shire from  Mas- 
sac  h  u  s  etts. 
Other  members 
of  his  family 
have  been  suc- 
cessively treas- 
urer and  gover- 
nor of  New 
Hampshire  and 
leaders  in  the 
rev  olutionary 
war.  Then  we 
find  them  serv- 
ing on  the  staff 
of  George 
Washington,  as 
members  of  the 
C  o  n  t  i  nental 
Congress,  i  n 
the  house  of 
representatives 
and  in  the  Uni- 
ted States  sen- 
ate. Later  also 
we  find  them 

in  the  constitutional  convention  which  framed  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  at  Philadelphia, 
followed  by  a  long  list  of  authors,  doctors,  teachers, 
divines  and  men  famous  in  the  field  of  science,  among 
them  Daniel  Coit  Oilman,  the  first  president  of  Johns 
Hopkins  University. 

Such  was  Dr.  Oilman's  ancestry,  no  prouder  which 
can  be  found  in  America.  His  father  was  an  eminent 
practitioner  who  early  sought  to  instill  his  own  en- 
thusiasm, for  his  profession,  into  his  son.  From  a 
boy  he  trained  him  to  it,  so  that  he  looked  forward 
to  it  as  his  life's  work. 

At  the  time  of  the  great  fire,  Dr.Gilman  had  finished 


JOHN  E.  OILMAN,   M.   D. 


his  education  at  Hahnemann  Medical  College  in  Chi- 
cago; and  made  for  himself  a  considerable  fame,  when 
that  fell  calamity  swept  down  upon  the  city.  With- 
out waiting  to  count  the  cost — without  stopping  to 
consider  the  laborious  exertions  Which  it  entailed,  or 
questioning  whether  or  not  'he  would  ever  be  paid 
for  his  services — toe  at  once  offered  those  services  to 
the  city  in  the  case  of  the  sick  and  destitute  suf- 
ferers by  that  calamity.  Many  a  day,  for  twenty 
hours  out  of  the  twenty-four,  he  stood  to  his  self- 
imposed  task,  ministering  to  the  destitute  and  suf- 
fering. He  was  made  secretary  of  the  Relief  and 
Aid  Society,  and,  in  that  capacity,  served  with  un- 
tiring devotion  until  the  emergency  was  passed. 
Dr.  Oilman  was  born  at  Harmar,  a  suburb  of  Mari- 
etta, Ohio,  July 
24,  1841.  As 
•has  already 
been  stated,  his 
father  was  an 
eminent  practi- 
tioner. During 
h  i  s  boyhood, 
John  E.  used 
t  o  accompany 
•his  father  on 
his  visits;  as- 
sist him  in  his 
surgical  opera- 
tions, and  in 
many  ways  at- 
tend to  the 
•wants  of  pa- 
t  i  e  n  t  s.  The 
father  died 
when  John  was 
only  seventeen 
years  old;  but  a 
bent  had  been 
given  to  the 
young  man's 
i  n  c  1  i  nations; 
and  be  neglect- 
ed no  opportu- 
nity to  add  to 
the  fund  of 
k  n  ow ledge 
which  he  had 
been  acquiring. 
He  placed  him- 
self under  the 
tutelage  of  his 
elder  brother, 
at  Marietta,  O., 
for  one  year, 
after  which  he 
studied  under 
Dr.  George 
H  a  r  t  w  e  1  1  , 
of  Toledo.  He 
ft  n  i  s  h  e  d  his 
medical  educa- 
tion at  Hahne- 
mann Medical 

College,  of  Chicago.     Since  that  time  he  has  been  in 
active  practice  in  this  city. 

Dr.  Oilman's  generous  conduct  at  the  time  of  the 
great  fire  has  already  been  partially  told.  The  world 
does  not  permit  services  like  that  to  go  unrewarded, 
and  honors  have  flowed  thick  and  fast  for  Dr.  Gil- 
man.  His  private  practice  increased  until  it  came 
to  be  one  of  the  most  considerable  in  the  city.  Then 
there  came  a  demand  for  his  services  in  the  training 
of  new  candidates  for  the  profession.  In  1884  Dr. 
Oilman  was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  physiology, 
sanitary  science  and  hygiene  in  Hahnemann:  and  in 
1892  he  was  elected  to  that  of  materia  medica  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


109 


therapeutics,  which  he  continues  to  hold.  He  is 
equally  gifted  as  a  teacher  and  lecturer  to  what  he  is 
as  a  practitioner.  He  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
literature  of  the  profession;  and  in  all  his  writings 
he  is  clear,  logical  and  forceful.  Nor  are  his  writings 
confined  to  medicine.  They  cover  a  wide  range  of 
subjects.  He  is  an  art  critic  of  recognized  merit;  and 
has  been  identified  with  the  promotion  of  art  in 
Chicago  for  many  years.  He  took  part  in  building 
up  the  Crosby  Opera  House  Art  Gallery;  and,  for  a 
long  time,  assisted  in  editing  the  Chicago  Art  Journal. 

Dr.  Oilman  was  married  in  1860  to  Miss  Mary  D. 
Johnson,  also  of  old  Puritan  stock.  They  have  one 
son,  a  physician  of  great  promise. 

Tlius  Dr.  Gilman  has  fulfilled  an  ideal  career  as  a 
physician,  one  full  of  helpfulness  and  sympathy  for 
his  fellow  men  and  one  in  which  his  broad  and  com- 
prehensive mind  has  found  ample  expression  without 
pain  or  bitterness  to  others.  He  has  sought,  by  lend- 
ing a  helping  hand  to  reduce  the  sum  total  of  human 
suffering,  rather  than  to  add  to  it  by  the  oppression  of 
others,  and  in  doing  so  he  has  won  the  esteem  both 
of  the  profession  and  the  world. 

ALBERT   GOLDSPOHN,   M.   D. 

Dr.  Albert  Goldspohn  was  born  in  Dane  County, 
Wisconsin,  September  23,  1851.  He  was  always  a 
student,  preferring  to  spend  his  time  in  study  and 
work  than  in  the  frivolities  of  his  associates.  After 


ALBERT    GOLDSPOHN,    M.    D. 

passing  through  the  graded  schools  he  served  an  ap- 
prenticeship in  a  drug  store  for  the  study  of  drugs. 
Here  he  conceived  a  fondness  for  the  study  of  medi- 
cine; and,  after  two  years,  entered  the  Northwestern 
College,  at  Naperville,  where  he  graduated  as  Bachelor 
of  .Science,  in  1875.  He  now  entered  Rush  Medical 
College  and  graduated  in  1878;  and  then,  as  a  finish 
to  his  professional  education,  he  served  eighteen 
months  as  Interne  in  the  Cook  County  Hospital,  fol- 
lowed by  a  post  graduate  course  of  two  years  in  the 
great  European  universities  of  Heidelberg,  Wurzburg, 
Strasburg,  Halle  and  Berlin,  .giving  special  study  to 
surgery  and  gynecology.  In  1887,  he  returned  to  Chi- 
cago and  entered  upon  private  practice.  He  became 
attending  gynecologist  at  the  German  Hospital  and 


professor  of  gynecology  in  the  Post  Graduate  Medical 
School  and  Hospital  of  Chicago. 

Dr.  Goldspohn  is  a  member  of  a  number  of  local, 
national  and  international  medical  societies.  He  is  a 
frequent  contributor  to  the  literature  of  his  profession. 

Dr.  Goldspohn  married  Miss  Victoria  E.  Escher  for 
•his  first  wife,  who  died  in  June,  1885.  He  is  now  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Cornelia  E.  Walz,  of  Stuttgart,  Germany. 

LEMUEL   CONAUT   GROSVENOR,    M.   D. 

Dr.  Lemuel  Conaut  Grosvenor  is  the  eldest  son  of 
Deacon  Silas  N.  and  Mary  A.  (Conaut)  Grosvenor.  He 
was  born  at  Paxton,  Massachusetts,  in  1833.  His 
father  was  a  leading  business  man  of  that  place. 
From  his  early  boyhood,  Lemuel  had  a  strong  inclina- 
tion to  medicine,  as  a  profession;  but  it  was  not  until 
he  began  to  prosecute  'his  higher  studies  that  he 
finally  determined  upon  it. 

Before  he  was  thirteen  years  of  age  he  attended 
the  Williston  Seminary,  at  East  Hampton,  Mass.,  but 
removed  with  'his  parents  to  Worcester,  in  1844,  where 
he  entered  the  High  School  of  that  city,  remaining 
four  years.  Here  he  took  an  active  part  in  all  the  social 
and  literary  movements  among  the  students.  He  cul- 
tivated a  taste  for  public  speaking  and  joined  actively 
in  their  debates.  All  this  had  an  important  bearing 
upon  his  subsequent  career.  When  he  was  seventeen 
years  old  his  parents  removed  to  Sauk  County,  Wis- 
consin. His  first  winter  in  Wisconsin  he  spent  teach- 
ing school  at  West  Point,  Columbia  County,  where  he 
made  a  great  success.  It  was  an  ordinary  country 
school  where  the  teacher  was  required  to  "board 
round."  For  this  winter's  work  <he  received  $60  in 
gold,  which  seemed  to  him  a  fortune.  He  determined 
to  spend  it  in  perfecting  his  education.  With  his 
father's  consent,  he  set  out  to  do  this  and  make  his 
way  in  the  world.  With  his  little  personal  belongings 
he  walked  100  miles  to  Milwaukee,  and  journeyed 
thence  to  his  old  home  at  Worcester,  Mass.  Here 
he  re-entered  the  High  School;  taking  post  graduate 
studies,  especially  mathematics;  supporting  himself  by 
work  and  supplementing  that  by  teaching  an  evening 
school.  He  afterward  taught  at  Scituate,  Rutland  and 
South  Hingham.  After  two  years  he  was  made  head 
master  of  the  old  Mather  School  in  Dorchester,  the 
oldest  free  school  in  America.  Here  he  remained  seven 
years,  during  three  of  wtoioh  he  was  secretary  of  the 
Massachusetts  Teachers'  Association.  He  was  offered 
a  chair  in  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  School;  but  he  had 
formed  other  plans.  He  declined  it  to  go  west.  He 
entered  the  Cleveland  Medical  College,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1864,  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  establish- 
ing himself  at  Peoria,  Illinois.  He  then  returned  east 
and  married  Miss  Ellen  M.  Prouty,  of  Dorchester,  a 
woman  of  rare  beauty  and  personal  attainments.  She 
died  in  1874. 

From  Peoria,  Dr.  Grosvenor  removed  to  Galesburg, 
and  there,  in  a  remarkably  short  time,  built  up  an  ex- 
tensive practice  among  the  wealthy  families;  but  he 
found  that  his  sphere  of  usefulness  was  too  prescribed, 
and  that  his  real  field  of  labor  was  in  Chicago,  which 
offered  unlimited  scope  for  development.  Accord- 
ingly he  removed  here  in  1870,  the  year  before  the 
great  fire.  When  that  fell  disaster  overtook  the  city 
he  was  the  only  physician  in  that  portion  of  the  North 
Side  whose  house  was  not  burned.  Dr.  Grosvenor, 
like  many  other  noble  hearted  physicians,  volunteered 
his  services,  without  thought  of  remuneration,  to  min- 
istering to  the  wants  of  the  sick  and  destitute  by  that 
catastrophe.  Night  and  day  he  toiled  to  relieve  suf- 
fering and  care  for  the  needy.  So  conspicuous  was 
his  work  and  so  beneficent,  that  he  won  the  grati- 
tude of  thousands  and  the  esteem  of  the  public  in  gen- 
eral. He  was  given  the  confidence  of  the  people  from 
the  start.  He  also  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
profession,  which  gladly  recognized  his  superior  abil- 


110 


UNRIVALED   CHICAGO. 


ities  and  crowned  him  with  honors.  When  the  new 
Homoeopathic  College  was  completed,  a  new  chair 
of  sanitary  science  was  created  for  him,  the  first  of 
the  kind  in  any  college.  He  brought  to  it  the  same 
zeal  and  intelligent  devotion  that  had  marked  his 
whole  professional  career;  and  through  his  efforts,  he 
has  made  it  one  of  the  most  important  branches  of 
medical  science.  Today,  there  is  not  a  medical  col- 
lege without  its  chair  of  sanitary  science.  His  lec- 
tures on  his  special  subjects  have  won  him  world- 
wide renown.  His  improvements  in  the  dress  of  in- 
fants have  been  adopted  in  almost  every  civilized 
country  in  the  world.  He  has  especially  distinguished 
himself  in  obstetrics,  having  'been  appointed  to  the 
chair  of  clinical  obstetrics  in  his  college. 

Dr.  Grosven- 
or  is  a  member 
of  the  Chicago 
Acade  my  of 
Physicians  and 
Surgeons;  and 
was  three  times 
elected  its  pres- 
ident. He  was 
three  years 
president  of  the 
American  Pae- 
dological  So- 
ciety and  mem- 
ber of  the  Am- 
erican Institute 
of  Homoeop- 
athy. He  is  a 
member  of  the 
Lincoln  Park 
C  ongregational 
Church;  and 
for  several 
years,  was  pres- 
ident of  its 
board  of  trust- 
ees. He  was  a 
charter  mem- 
ber of  the  Con- 
g  r  e  g  a  t  ional 
Club.  In  poli- 
tics, he  is  a  Re- 
publican. 

One  distin- 
guishing char- 
acteristic of  Dr. 
Grosvenor's  ca- 
reer is,  that  he 
had  not  finished 
•his  education 
when  he  left 
school.  He  had 
only  learned 
how  to  educate 
himself.  He  has 
been  acquiring 
his  education 
ever  since.  He 
is  notably  one 


LEMUEL  CONANT  GROSVENOR,  M.  D. 


SAMUEL  PARKER  HEDGES,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Samuel  Parker  Hedges  was  born  July  23,  1841, 
in  Sinclairsville,  N.  Y.  He  entered  the  office  of  his 
uncle,  Dr.  W.  S.  Hedges,  of  Jamestown,  to  study 
medicine,  when  President  Lincoln  issued  a  call  for 
additional  soldiers  to  carry  on  the  war.  He  laid 
aside  his  books  and  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the 
112th  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry  July  23,  1862, 
his  twenty-first  birthday.  From  private  to  sergeant 
and  orderly-sergeant  were  quick  promotions.  He 
commanded  his  company  in  the  battle  of  the  Deserted 
House,  where  he  won  a  second  lieutenant's  commis- 
sion. Soon  after  he  was  made  aide-de-camp  on  the 
staff  of  Brigadier-General  R.  S.  Foster,  and  later, 

first  lieutenant 
and  adjutant  of 
his  regiment. 

On  May  16th, 
1864,  he  was 
captured  by  the 
c  o  n  f  ederates. 
He  was  sent 
successively  to 
Libby  Prison, 
Macon,  Ga.,  Sa- 
vannah and  to 
Charleston,  S. 
C.,  where  he 
was  exposed  to 
the  fire  of  the 
Union  batter- 
ies. At  last, 
after  it  became 
i  m  p  o  s  s  i  ble 
for  the  Confed- 
erates  any 
longer  to  fur- 
nish even  the 
wretched  fare 
which  they  had 
done,  Lieuten- 
ant Hedges, 
along  with 
1,400  other 
Union  officers, 
was  offered  a 
parole  if  they 
would  bind 
themselves  not 
to  bear  arms 
against  the 
C  o  n  f  ederacy. 
Not  a  man  ac- 
cepted, and  the 
whole  were 
turned  loose 
near  Wilming- 
ton, N.  C.  On 
his  return  to 
his  company, 
he  was  p  r  o- 
moted  to  cap- 
tain. 


of  those  men  who  grow  riper  in  knowledge,  experi- 
ence and  personal  character  as  they  grow  older. 
Such  men  never  stop  growing.  They  are  always  re- 
newing their  youth.  One  of  Dr.  Grosvenor's  delights 
is  to  inspire  young  men  and  young  women  to  right 
living,  such  as  will  develop  their  physical,  mental  and 
moral  persons  in  harmonious  relationships.  His  lec- 
tures to  girls,  on  "How  to  be  Beautiful,"  and  those  to 
boys,  practically  along  the  same  line,  are  models  of 
elegance  and  wisdom. 

Three  years  after  the  death  of  his  first  wife,  Dr. 
Grosvenor  was  again  married;  this  time  to  Miss 
Naomi  Bassett,  of  Taunton,  Mass. 


At  the  close  of  the  war,  Mr.  Hedges  entered  the 
Homoeopathic  Medical  College  at  Cleveland,  O.  In 
1866-7  he  attended  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College, 
Chicago,  and  took  his  degree  in  1867.  In  1869  to  1874  he 
filled  the  chair  of  General  and  Descriptive  Anatomy  at 
the  Hahnemann  Medical  College, Chicago.  In  1887  and 
1890  he  was  made  Chairman  of  the  Bureau  of  Gynae- 
cology in  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy.  He 
was  secretary  and  president  of  the  Cook  County 
Homoeopathic  Medical  Society;  has  been  president  of 
the  Illinois  State  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  and 
an  active  member  of  many  others  in  the  same 
field. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Ill 


He  was  elected  Professor  of  Theory  and  Practice 
of  Medicine  in  the  Chicago  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege, but  his  health  would  not  permit  him  to  lecture. 


SAMUEL  PARKER  HEDGES,  M.  D. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic; 
also  a  member  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  Illinois  Com- 
mandery. 

JAMES  NEVENS  HYDE,  M.  D. 

Dr.  James  Nevens  Hyde  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con- 
necticut. He  graduated  at  Yale  in  the  class  of  '61, 


but  was  interrupted  on  his  acceptance  during  the 
civil  war  of  a  position  as  assistant  surgeon  in  the 
United  States  Navy,  from  which  he  was  promoted, 
after  examination,  to  past  assistant  surgeon.  This 
office  he  resigned  in  order  to  complete  his  education 
at  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, where  he  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  In 
1869  he  received  M.  D.  eundum  from  Rush. 

Dr.  Hyde  has  successfully  occupied  the  position  of 
professor  of  skin  and  venereal  diseases  at  Rush.  He 
is  dermatologist  at  the  Presbyterian  and  Michael 
Reese  Hospitals;  also  consulting  dermatologist  at  the 
Woman's  and  Children's  Hospital.  He  is  a  member 
of  several  Greek  letter  college  societies,  and  the  fol- 
lowing medical  societies:  The  British  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, the  American  Medical  Association,  American 
Dermatological  Association,  American  Association  of 
Genito-Urinary  Surgeons,  the  Congress  of  American 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  the  Chicago  Medical  So- 
ciety and  also  the  Practitioners'  Club. 

Among  his  many  writings  may  be  mentioned  three 
editions  of  "A  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Skin,"  and 
chapters  on  syphilis  and  skin  diseases  in  the  leading 
books  on  these  subjects. 

E.  FLETCHER  INGALS,  M.  D. 

Dr.  E.  Fletcher  Ingals  was  born  in  Lee  Center,  111., 
September  29,  1848.  He  attended  the  State  Normal 
Institution  and  the  Rock  River  Seminary,  at  Mt.  Mor- 
ris, 111.  He  graduated  at  Rush  Medical  College  in 
1871,  and  became  connected  with  its  spring  faculty, 
a  position  which  he  held  until  'he  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  Laryngology  and  Diseases  of  the  Chest.  He 
holds  the  chair  of  Diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Chest 
in  the  Woman's  Medical  School,  and  is  professor  of 


JAMES  N.  HYDE,  M.  D. 

receiving  the  degree  of  A.  B..  and  later  A.  M.,  from 
the  same  university.  His  medical  education  began  at 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New  York, 


E.    FLETCHER   INGALS,    M.    D. 

Laryngology  and  Rhinology  in  the  Chicago  Policlinic. 
He  is  attending  physician  for  Diseases  of  the  Throat 
at  the  Presbyterian  Hospital;  Laryngologist  to  St. 
Joseph's  Hospital;  Consulting  Physician  for  Diseases 
of  the  Throat  and  Chest  at  the  Central  Free  Dispen- 
sary; consulting  Laryngologist  for  the  Home  for  Des- 
titute and  Crippled  Children;  and  consulting  physi- 
cian for  the  Washingtonian  Home.  Dr.  Ingals  has 
given  special  attention  to  diseases  of  the  chest,  throat 


112 


UNRIVALLED    CHICAGO.. 


and  nose  for  twenty  years,  and  is  an  author  of  many 
articles  on  these  diseases  and  of  a  text  book  extensive- 
ly used  in  the  colleges,  which  has  passed  through  its 
third  edition. 

He  has  been  president  of  the  American  Laryngolog- 
ical  Association,  first  vice  president  of  American  Cli- 
matoiogical  Association,  president  of  the  Section  of 
Laryngology  and  Otology  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  president  of  the  Section  of  Laryngology 
of  the  Pan-American  Congress,  president  of  the  Illi- 
nois State  Medical  Society  and  president  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  College  Association. 


and  patience  required  of  the  physician  and  surgeon 
in  combating  these  conditions. 

"This  hospital  contains  upwards  of  two  hundred 
and  fifty  beds,  a  large  number  of  which  are  free,  be- 
ing endowed  in  perpetuity  by  the  individual  gifts  of 
wealthy  people,  or  having  annual  endowments  which 
are  continued  by  Presbyterian  churches,  classes,  or 
by  individuals. 

"The  hospital  building  is  of  modern  construction, 
is  Sited  with  all  worthy  sanitary  requirements.  It 
is  a  model  in  the  matter  of  service  and  management. 

"Its  private  rooms  are  particularly  cheerful  and  in 


PRESBYTERIAN    HOSPITAL. 


PRESBYTERIAN  HOSPITAL. 

(Entrance  on   Congress  Street.) 

Congress,  Wood,  Harrison,  Hermitage  Ave. 

"The  Presbyterian  Hospital  has  in  but  a  few  years, 
under  very  liberal  endowments,  and  owing  to  intelli- 
gent management,  grown  to  occupy  a  distinctly  lead- 
ing position  among  the  medical  charities  of  this  great 
community.  Immediately  joining,  as  it  does,  the  larg- 
est medical  school  of  the  west,  it  is  looked  to  as  the 
home  of  clinical  teaching  for  an  army  of  student 
minds;  and  great  lessons  in  clinical  medicine  and 
surgery  are  traced  from  amphitheater  to  hospital 
ward,  and  back  again,  unfolding  in  the  thousands  of 
cases  treated  and  watched  each  year  the  manifold  in- 
tricacies of  disease  processes  and  the  skill,  ingenuity 


demand;    its  nursing  staff  is  drawn  from  the  most 
compet?nt   sources,  and   there  is  a  constancy   in   its 
medical  staff,  its  internes,  and  its  servant  force.    " 
(El    Chicago  Clinical   Review,   January,   1897.)  . 

SAMUEL  J.  JONES,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  LL.   D. 

Dr.  Samuel  J.  Jones  was  born  at  Bainbridge,  Pa., 
March  22,  1836.  To  exceptional  school  advantages  in 
his  youth  he  added  diligent  application,  so  that  he 
graduated  at  twenty-one  from  Dickinson  College,  with 
the  degree  of  A.  B.  Three  years  later  his  alma  mater 
conferred  upon  him  the  additional  degree  of  A.  M., 
and  in  1884  that  of  LL.  D. 

He  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  his  father, 
and.  a  year  later,  entered  the  medical  department  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  from  which  he  grad- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


113 


uated  in  1860.  After  a  competitive  examination  he 
was  appointed  assistant-surgeon  in  the  United  States 
Navy.  His  first  active  service  was  on  the  steam 
frigate  "Minnesota,"  the  flag-ship  of  the  Atlantic 
blockading  squadron.  Until  1868,  when  he  resigned 
to  engage  in  private  practice,  Dr.  Jones  remained  in 
the  service,  taking  part  in  the  various  naval  opera- 
tions during  the  war  and  performing  hospital  duty 


SAMUEL  J.  JONES,   M.    D. 

during  that  time  and  after  the  war.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  surgeon  in  1863.  After  leaving 
the  service  he  went  abroad  for  professional  study, 
and  after  his  return  engaged  in  practice  and  then 
settled  in  Chicago.  There  are  few  physicians  who 
have  had  more  extensive  hospital  connections  or  who 
have  been  more  honored  by  the  medical  profession 
with  official  positions  than  Dr.  Jones.  He  has  fre- 
quently been  chosen  to  represent  the  profession  in 
various  medical  congresses  held  at  home  and  abroad 
within  the  last  twenty-five  years.  He  has  for  twenty- 
six  years  been  professor  of  ophthalmology  and  otol- 
ogy in  Chicago  Medical  College. 

He  has  been  for  thirty  years  a  member  of  the  Chi- 
cago Academy  of  Sciences,  has  served  as  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Academy,  and  is  now  president  of  its 
Board  of  Trustees.  He  was  for  a  number  of  years 
editor  of  the  Chicago  Medical  Journal  and  Examiner. 

RALPH   NELSON   ISHAM,   M.   D. 

Dr.  Ralph  N.  Isham  was  born  in  Manheim,  New 
York,  March  16,  1831.  He  studied  medicine  with  Prof. 
John  T.  Metcalfe  and  Prof.  W.  H.  Van  Buren,  in  New 
York  City.  He  graduated  from  the  University  of  New 
York,  served  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  and  removed  to 
Chicago  in  1855.  He  was  appointed  surgeon  of  the 
U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  at  Chicago,  by  President  Lin- 
coln, in  1862.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Chi- 
cago Medical  College,  and  was  its  first  professor  of 
surgical  anatomy  and  operative  surgery,  which  con- 
tinued until  1880.  He  was  the  first  in  the  west  to 
teach  anatomy  as  applied  to  the  art  of  surgery.  He 
still  retains  a  chair  in  the  same  institution. 

During  the  war,  Dr.  Isham  was  active  in  the  organ- 
ization of  military  hospitals  and  in  the  work  of  the 
sanitary  commission.  His  corps  was  the  first  on  the 


battle  field  of  Shiloh,  where  he  personally  performed 
many  operations.  He  is  still  as  enthusiastic  in  .his 
love  of  his  profession  as  ever. 

In  politics  Dr.  Isham  is  a  Republican,  but  has  nev- 


RALPH   N.   ISHAM,   M.   D. 

er  sought  office.  In  religion  he  is  a  Presbyterian,  a 
friend  of  the  late  Prof.  Swing,  and  one  of  the  principal 
supporters  of  his  church. 

Dr.  Isham  was  married  in  1856  to  Miss  Katherine 
Snow.  They  have  two  sons  and  two  daughters,  all 
living. 


MILTON  JAY,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Milton  Jay  was  born  near  Dayton,  Ohio,  May 
10,  1833.    He  enjoyed  about  the  same  educational  ad- 


114 


UNRIVALED   CHICAGO. 


vantages  in  his  early  youth  that  other  farmer  boys  did, 
attending  school  in  the  winter  and  workingon  the  farm 
in  the  summer.  He  early  attended  the  Farmers'  In- 
stitute at  La  Fayette,  Ind.,  and  afterward  took  a 
course  at  Barlham  College,  Richmond,  Ind.  He  then 
took  a  four  years'  medical  course  at  the  Eclectic  Medi- 
cal College  at  Cincinnati,  and  at  the  Jefferson  Medical 
College  at  Philadelphia,  graduating  in  February,  1859. 
He  then  practiced  surgery  and  medicine  in  Marion, 
Ind.,  for  eleven  years.  In  1870  Dr.  Jay,  along  with 
others,  organized  the  Bennett  Medical  College  of  Chi- 
cago. For  twenty  years  he  was  Dean  and  principal 
manager,  as  well  as  professor  of  surgery  of  that  col- 
lege. To  his  popularity  as  a  lecturer  on  surgery,  and 
his  acknowledged  skill  as  an  operator,  are  due  much 
of  the  success  of  that  institution  during  the  time  of 
his  administration.  Since  withdrawing  from  the  ac- 
tive work  in  the  college  he  has  devoted  himself  to  his 
large  and  lucrative  practice  of  surgery.  Dr.  Jay  is  a 
member  of  Cook  County  Medical  Society,  Illinois 
State  Medical  Society,  American  Medical  Association 
and  National  Association  of  Railroad  Surgeons.  He 
is  chief  surgeon  of  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  Rail- 
road, and  has  various  hospital  connections. 

OSCAR  A.  KING,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Oscar  A.  King  was  born  at  Peru,  Ind.,  February 
22,  1851,  one  in  a  family  of  eleven  children.  Until  he 
was  fifteen  years  old  he  lived  and  worked  on  the 
farm.  He  graduated  at  the  High  School  at  Peru,  after 
which  he  devoted  himself  to  teaching  for  several 
years,  at  the  same  time  prosecuting  university  stud- 
ies. In  1873  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  under 


OSCAR  A.   KING,   M.   D. 

Prof.  Henry  Palmer,  Surgeon  General  of  Wisconsin, 
and  afterward  under  Prof.  Louis  A.  Sayer,  graduating 
from  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College  of  New  York 
in  1878.  Soon  after  he  was  chosen  first  assistant  phy- 
sician to  the  Wisconsin  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
at  Madison.  Two  years  were  spent  abroad  in  hospital 
work  in  Vienna,  under  world-renowned  masters.  On 
his  return,  in  1882,  Dr.  King  was  elected  professor  of 
diseases  of  the  mind  and  nervous  system.  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Chicago.  In  1890  he  was 
changed  to  the  chair  of  clinical  medicine.  Dr.  King 
is  the  founder  of  the  Oakwood  Springs  Sanitarium,  at 


Lake  Geneva,  for  the  treatment  of  nervous  diseases, 
which  has  attained  wide  celebrity. 

JAMES    B.    AND    GEORGE    WILBUR   M'FATRICK, 

M.  D.'S. 

This  is  an  instance  where  two  brothers  in  the  same 
profession,  and  practicing  the  same  specialty  in  it, 
are  united  in  the  same  firm. 


JAMES   B.    M'FATRICK,   M.    D. 

Dr.  James  B.  McFatrick,  M.  S.,  M.  D.,  was  born  in 
Lena,  Illinois,  April  4,  1862.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the 
Upper  Iowa  University,  where  he  received  the  degree 


M 


GEO.   W.  M'FATRICK,   M.    D. 

of  Master  of  Sciences.    He  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine at  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Chicago,  in  1879, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


115 


and  graduated  in  1885.  He  spent  two  years  in  Cook 
County  Hospital,  took  a  degree  from  the  Bennett 
College  of  Eclectic  Medicine  and  Surgery,  and  im- 
mediately entered  its  faculty.  In  1886  he  was  appoint- 
ed to  the  chair  of  Minor  Surgery.  Two  years  after  he 
was  given  the  chair  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  a  position 
he  has  retained  ever  since.  In  1893  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Health.  Dr.  Mc- 
Fatrick's  private  practice  has  grown  to  such  great 
proportions  that  he  is  now  compelled  to  give  his  time 
wholly  to  it,  except  that  of  his  college  professorship 
and  his  position  as  surgeon  to  several  insurance  com- 
panies. Dr.  McFatrick  is  a  thirty-third  degree  Mason 
and  deeply  devoted  to  the  good  of  the  order.  He  has 
for  many  years  been  prominent  in  all  Masonic  affairs. 

George  Wilbur  McFatrick,  M.  D.,  was  born  at  Lena, 
Illinois,  October  27,  1870.  He  graduated  at  Bennett 
Medical  College  in  the  class  of  '92,  and  thereafter 
served  for  eighteen  months  as  house  physician  and 
surgeon  at  the  Cook  County  Hospital.  He  is  profes- 
sor of  diseases  of  the  nose  and  throat,  and  clinical  eye 
and  ear  surgery  in.  Bennett  Medical  College;  attend- 
ing surgeon  and  oculist  and  aurist  to  Cook 
County  Hospital  and  Willie  Hipp  Hospital.  He 
also  is  an  enthusiastic  thirty-second  degree  Ma- 
son and  member  of  the  Mystic  Shrine. 

These  two  brothers  McFatrick  have  jointly  devoted 
themselves  to  the  surgical  treatment  of  diseases  of 
the  eye,  ear,  nose  and  throat  and  to  correcting  the 
errors  of  refraction.  They  have  brought  to  their 
aid  every  appliance  that  science  has  made  available 
for  the  prosecution  of  their  work.  Every  appliance 
which  science  has  made  available  is  here  used  in  the 
prosecution  of  their  practice.  They  have  recently 
organized  and  control  the  Northern  Illinois  College 
of  Opthalmology  and  Otology,  obtaining  therefor  a 
charter  from  the  State  of  Illinois.  In  this  school  are 
taught  surgery  and  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear. 

CHARLES  E.  MANIERRE,  M.  D. 
Dr.  Charles  E.  Manierre  was  born  in  Chicago  Feb- 
ruary 26,  1860,  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  old  New 


Charles  E.  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
the  city  until  1876,  when  ihe  entered  Cornell  Univer- 
sity from  which  he  graduated  in  1880.  He  then  en- 
tered the  Chicago  Medical  College;  graduated  in 
1882,  and  immediately  began  practice.  He  has  been 
connected  with  the  Chicago  Policlinic  since  it  was  first 
established;  has  been  one  of  the  instructors  for  about 
seven  years,  and  for  three  has  been  professor  of  ob- 
stetrics in  the  institution.  Dr.  Manierre  has  built  up 
a  fine  practice,  devoted  mainly  to  obstetrics  and  dis- 
eases of  women.  He  was  married  in  1882  to  Miss  Elva 
Hitz.  Their  beautiful  home  is  graced  by  two  children. 

FRANKLIN  H.  MARTIN,  M.  D. 
Dr.  Franklin  H.  Martin,  secretary  of  the  Post  Grad- 
uate Medical  School,  was  born  at  Oconomowoc,  Wis., 
in  1857.  He  is  a  pupil  of  Dr.  W.  C.  Spalding  of  Wa- 
tertown.  He  took  a  three. years'  course  at  the  North- 
western University  Medical  School,  graduating  in 
1880.  He  became  resident  physician  and  surgeon  at 


CHAS.    E.    MANIERRE.    M.    D. 

England  families.  His  parents  settled  in  Chicago  in 
1835  and  lived  here  until  their  death.  The  family 
has  been  prominent  all  through  the  early  history  of 
the  city. 


FRANKLIN   H.    MARTIN,   M.   D. 

Mercy  Hospital  for  1880-1,  after  which  he  entered 
upon  a  private  practice.  He  has  since  drifted  into 
gynecology  and  abdominal  surgery  as  a  specialty, 
while  experimenting  with  apostoli  electrical  treatment 
for  fibroid  tumors  of  the  uterus.  In  1886  he  was  elect- 
ed professor  of  gynecology  in  the  Ohicago  Policlinic, 
and  in  1887  surgeon  of  the  Woman's  Hospital  of  Chi- 
cago. In  1889,  together  with  a  number  of  other  emi- 
nent physicians,  he  founded  the  Post  Graduate  Medi- 
cal School,  of  which  he  became  secretary.  He  has 
been  an  extensive  writer  on  his  specialty.  One  vol- 
ume on  "Electricity  in  Gynecology  and  Obstetrics" 
ran  through  two  editions  in  a  few  months.  In  1894 
he  was  made  chairman  of  the  section  of  gynecology 
in  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  was  also 
elected  the  same  year  as  president  of  the  Chicago 
Gynecological  Society.  His  wife  is  a  daughter  of  Dr. 
J.  H.  Hollister,  one  of  Chicago's  oldest  and  most 
eminent  physicians. 

LISTON  HOMER  MONTGOMERY,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 
Dr.  L.  H.  Montgomery  was  born  in  McCutcheonville, 
Ohio,  August  21,  1848.  His  early  education  was  re- 
ceived at  the  common  schools  and  at  Mount  Gilead 
High  School;  later  'he  was  a  pupil  at  Heidelberg  Col- 
lege, Tiffin,  Ohio.  Early  in  1864,  though  but  fifteen 


116 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


years  of  age,  he  enlisted  and  engaged  in  active  ser- 
vice until  the  close  of  the  civil  war.  After  his  dis- 
charge he  taught  school  during  the  winters.  Always 
having  a  taste  for  medical  subjects  he  followed  his 
bent  and  entered  the  Chicago  Medical  College  in  1869, 
and  graduated  with  honors  in  1871,  whereupon  he 
was  immediately  appointed  senior  resident  physician 
at  Mercy  Hospital.  This  was  the  beginning  of  a 
medical  career  which  has  been  crowned  with  success. 
Such  honors  as  that  of  being  appointed  delegate  to 
the  British  Medical  Association  have  been  heaped  up- 
on him  by  his  confreres.  Dr.  Montgomery  uses  his 
few  leisure  hours  by  writing  contributions  to  the 
leading  American  and  foreign  medical  journals. 

REUBEN  LUDLAM,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Reuben  Ludlam  stands  pre-eminent  among 
the  homeopa- 
thic iphysicians 
of  Chicago. 
There  are  none 
more  honored 
and  respected 
and  none  who 
have  obtained  a 
wider  fame  in 
their  profes- 
sion. Dr.  Lud- 
lam was  born 
in  C  a  m  d  e  n, 
New  Jersey,  Oc- 
tober 7,  1831. 
His  father  was 
Dr.  Jacob  W. 
Ludlam,  an 
eminent  physi- 
cian, who  died 
in  Evanston, 
111.,  in  1858. 
Reuben,  while 
still  a  child, 
accompanied 
his  father  on 
his  profession- 
al visits,  even 
then  t  a  k  ing 
the  liveliest  in- 
terest in  the 
different  cases. 
He  graduated 
from  the  old 
academy  at 
Bridgeton,  New 
Jersey,  with 
the  highest 
'honors  of  his 
class.  At  six- 
teen, under  the 
supervision  of 
his  father,  'he 
began  a  sys- 
tematic course 
of  medicine  at 
the  University 
of  Pennsylva- 
nia, where  he 
received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1852.  After  graduation 
he  came  to  Chicago.  At  the  time  the  doctrines  of 
Hahnemann  were  causing  universal  agitation  among 
physicians.  Dr.  Ludlam  was  one  of  those  who  be- 
came impressed  with  their  truth.  He  cast  aside  the 
dogmas  in  which  he  was  trained  and  placed  himself 
under  the  banner  of  progressive  homeopathy.  He 
was  active  in  forming  the  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 
lege, and  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  physiology, 
pathology  and  clinical  medicine.  Four  years  later 


R.   LUDLAM,    M.   D. 


he  was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  obstetrics  and  dis- 
eases of  women  and  children;  and  thence  to  the  pro- 
fessorship of  medical  and  surgical  diseases  of  women, 
becoming  dean  of  the  faculty.  In  May,  1891,  he  be- 
came president  of  the  college  and  hospital. 

In  1869  Dr.  Ludlam  became  president  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Homeopathy,  presided  at  its  meeting 
at  Boston,  and  delivered  the  annual  oration.  He  was 
also  made  president  of  the  Chicago  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine, the  Illinois  Homeopathic  Medical  Society  and 
the  Western  Institute  of  Homeopathy.  In  1871,  after 
the  great  fire,  he  became  a  member  of  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  Relief  and  Aid  Society.  On  the  or- 
ganization of  the  State  Board  of  Health,  in  1877,  Dr. 
Ludlam  was  appointed  a  member.  He  served  until 
December,  1892. 

Dr.  Ludlam  has  been  a  voluminous  writer.  For  six 
years  he  was  editorially  connected  with  the 

North  Ameri- 
can Journal 
of  Homeopathy 
of  New  York, 
and  for  nine 
years  with  the 
United  States 
Medical  and 
Surgical  Jour- 
nal of  Chicago. 
For  seventeen 
years  he  edited 
The  Clinique, 
a  monthly  ab- 
stract of  the 
work  of  the 
Clinical  Society 
and  of  the 
Hah  n  e  m  a  n  n 
Hospital.  Dr. 
Ludlam's  great 
work,  "Clinical 
and  Didactic 
Lectures  on  the 
Diseases  of 
Women,"  pub- 
lished in  1871, 
is  now  in  its 
seventh  edi- 
tion. It  is  used 
as  a  text  book 
in  all  homeo- 
pathic colleges, 
and  accepted  as 
authority  In 
this  country 
and  in  Europe. 
Dr.  Ludlam  al- 
so translated 
from  t  h  e 
French  a  very 
valuable  work. 
"Lectures  on 
Clinical  Medi- 
cine," by  Dr. 
Jousset.  of  Par- 
is. He  is  the 
author  of  "A 
Course  of  Clin- 
ical Lectures  on  Diphtheria."  the  first  strictly  medical 
work  ever  published  in  Chicago. 

Dr.  Ludlam  :has  been  twice  married:  his  first  wife. 
Anna  M.  Porter,  of  Greenwich,  N.  J.,  died  three  years 
after  marriage.  By  his  second  wife,  Harriet  G.  Par- 
vin,  he  has  one  son,  Reuben  Ludlam,  Jr.,  also  a  physi- 
cian of  great  promise. 

THE  HAHNEMANN  HOSPITAL. 
The   new    Hahnemann   Hospital,   which   was   first 


POST  GRADUATE  MEDICAL  SCHOOL. 


117 


•Sfe 


opened  in  1870,  has  recently  rebuilt  its  hospital  build- 
ing on  Groveland  avenue,  and  it  is  a  model  in  all  its 
details.  It  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $100,000.  It  em- 
bodies every  feature  that  has  been  found  desirable 
in  such  struc- 

t  u  r  e  s.       Perfect     r- 

sanitation,  the 
latest  improve- 
ments in  heating,  — ^ 
electric  lights, 
and  improved 
service  in  every 
department  make 
it  as  near  perfect 
as  modern  science 
is  capable  of.  It 
is  seven  stories 
and  basement  in 
height;  has  a  ca- 
p  a  c  i  t  y  for  225  \ 
beds,  and  has  a 
specially  fur- 
nished operating 
room  on  each 
floor,  thoroughly 
asceptic  and  sup- 
plied with  every 
known  conven- 
ience. 

O  v  e  r  1  o  o  king 
Lake  Michigan, on 
the  Groveland 
avenue  front,  are 
suites  of  private 
apartments,  ele- 
gantly and  taste- 
fully furnished, 
intended  as  suit- 
able quarters 
where  acute  dis- 
eases can  be  prop- 
erly treated,  and 
where  quiet  for 
sick  and  conval- 
e  s  c  e  n  t  patients 
can  be  secured. 

The  Post-Grad- 
uate  Medical 
School  and  Hos- 
pital of  Chicago 
was  founded  in 
1888,  occupying 
two  floors  in  a 
building  at  31 
W  ashington 
street.  Since 
that  time  it  has 
made  three 
moves,  each  one 
of  which  became 
necessary  by  rea- 
son of  the  rapidly 
increasing  d  e- 
mands  upon  its 
resources  by  its 
own  growth.  Its 
present  building, 
at  2400  Dearborn 
street,  was  fin- 
ished for  occu- 
pancy September 
1st,  1896.  Since  -^ — 
its  establishment, 

every  state  in  the  Union  or  in  British  America,  as 
well  as  Mexico,  Russia  and  even  the  Hawaiian  Islands, 
have  contributed  students  to  its  classes.  Its  faculty 
comprises  the  following: 

General  Medicine— Profs.  H.  W.  Gentles,  Chas.  W. 


Purdy,  M.  H.  Lackersteen,  J.  L.  Van  Valkenburg. 

Surgery — Profs.  L.  L.  McArthur,  Alex  Hugh  Fer- 
guson, Carl  Beck,  F.  C.  Schaefer,  A.  D.  Bevan,  W. 
P.  Verity,  J.  B.  Murphy,  D.  A.  K.  Steele. 


foST-GRAbOAI 


Orthopedic  Surgery— Prof.   Frederic  S.   Coolidge. 

Gynecology— Profs.  H.  T.  Byford,  H.  P.  Newman, 
Albert  Goldspohn,  Marie  J.  Mergler,  Franklin  H.  Mar- 
tin, Emil  Ries,  L.  E.  Frankenthal. 

Stomach  and  Intestines— Prof.  Fenton  B.  Turck. 


118 


UNRIVALLED  CHICAGO. 


Obstetrics— Profs.  C.  E.  Paddock,  A.  McDiarmid. 
Eye — Profs.  W.  F.  Coleman,  Boerne  Bettman,  Casey 

A.  Wood,  Francis  Dickinson,  Chas.  P.  Pinckard. 
Ear— Profs.  Noval  H.  Pierce,  Seth  Scott  Bishop,  J. 

0.  Ducker. 

Nose  and  Throat— Profs.  T.  Melville  Hardie,  F.  D. 
Owsley,  George  Morganthau. 

Nervous  Diseases — Profs.  Daniel  R.  Brower,  Sanger 
Brown,  Sydney  Kuh,  Richard  Dewey,  W.  Xavier  Sud- 
duth. 

Genito-Urinary — Prof.  D.  J.  Hayes. 

Gynecology  and  Diseases  of  Rectum — Prof.  Joseph 

B.  Bacon. 

Diseases  of  Children — Rosa  Engelmann,  J.  C.  Cook. 
Pathology— Prof.  Edwin  Klebs. 
Skin  and  Venereal  Diseases — Profs.  W.  L.  Baum,  L. 
B.  Baldwin. 

Anatomy — Carl  Wagner. 
Urinalysis— Prof.  Arthur  R.  Elliott. 
Electro  Physics — C.  S.  Neiswanger,  M.  D. 

TRUMAN  W.  MILLER,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Truman  W.  Miller  was  born  in  Seneca  County, 
New  York,  March  2,  1840.  He  is  a  graduate  of  Ho- 
bart  College,  Geneva,  New  York,  and  received  his 
medical  education  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and 


TRUMAN  W.  MILLER,  M.  D. 

Surgeons  of  New  York  City.  In  1862  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  Medical  Cadet,  U.  S.  A.,  was  promoted  to 
A.  A.  Surgeon  in  1863,  and  in  the  same  year  received 
his  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the  Geneva  Medical  Col- 
lege. He  served  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until 
after  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Chicago  and  assigned  to  duty  as  post  and 
examining  surgeon,  where  he  remained  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  After  this  he  held  the  position  of 
examining  surgeon  in  the  recruiting  service  for  four 
years,  and  for  four  years  assistant  surgeon  TJ.  S. 
Marine  Hospital  service.  In  1877  he  was  promoted 
to  surgeon,  which  position  he  held  until  his  resigna- 
tion in  1886.  For  six  years  he  was  surgeon  of  the 
First  Regiment.  I.  N.  G. 

Dr.  Miller  has  been  president  and  professor  of  gen- 
eral and  genito-urinary  surgery  of  the  Chicago  Poli- 
clinic since  its  organization  in  1886;  is  consulting  sur- 


geon of  St.  Joseph  and  Alexian  Brothers  Hospitals; 
surgeon  of  Maurice  Porter  Memorial  Hospital;  sur- 
geon in  chief  to  many  of  the  leading  lines  of  railroads, 
and  medical  referee  and  consulting  surgeon  of  several 
life  and  accident  insurance  companies.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  all  the  leading  medical  societies,  general 
and  local,  and  of  many  prominent  social  clubs.  He 
has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  military  mat- 
ters, and  is  a  member  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Military  Surgeons'  Association  of  the  United  States, 
and  is  an  old  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public. 

HENRY  PARKER  NEWMAN,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Henry  Parker  Newman,  son  of  James  and 
Abby  (Everett)  Newman,  grandson  of  James  Madi- 
son Newman,  was  born  December  2,  1853,  at  Wash- 
ington, N.  H.  After  a  preparatory  education  ob- 
tained at  the  New  London  (N.  H.)  Literary  and  Sci- 
entific. Institution,  he  began  to  read  medicine,  1874, 


HENRY  P.  NEWMAN,  M.  D. 

under  Dr.  George  Cook,  of  Concord,  N.  H.;  attended 
lectures  at  Dartmouth  Medical  College,  which  insti- 
tution has  since  honored  him  with  the  degree  of  A. 
M.,  and  at  the  Detroit  College  of  Medicine,  and  was 
graduated  from  the  latter  in  March,  1878.  While  a 
senior  student  he  was  house  physician  at  St.  Luke's 
Hospital,  Detroit.  He  then  spent  two  years  in  study 
in  Germany  in  the  .universities  of  Strasburg,  Leipsig, 
and  Bonn.  Returning  to  the  United  States  he  settled 
permanently  in  Chicago. 

Dr.  Newman  is  corresponding  fellow  of  the  Detroit 
Gynecological  Society;  member  and  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  membership  of  the  Chicago  Medical  So- 
ciety; fellow  and  secretary  of  the  Chicago  Gynecolog- 
ical Society;  fellow  of  the  American  Gynecological 
Society;  member  and  treasurer  of  the  American 
Medical  Association;  member  of  the  Illinois  State 
Medical  Society;  of  the  Illinois  State  Microscopical 
Society,  and  of  the  International  Medical  Congress, 
having  been  a  delegate  to  the  tenth  congress  in  Ber- 
lin, 1890.  Dr.  Newman  is  also  president  of  the  Labor- 
atory of  Experimental  Research,  Chicago,  since  1889, 
a  director  and  treasurer  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Chicago,  since  1893;  a  director  and  for- 
merly president  of  the  Post-Graduate  Medical  School, 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


119 


Chicago,  and  professor  of  diseases  of  women  in  the 
same  since  1888;  professor  of  obstetrics  and  clinical 
gynecology,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  of 
which  institution  he  has  been  an  active  promoter  since 
its  organization  in  1881;  surgeon  in  the  department 
of  diseases  of  women  in  the  Post-Graduate,  St.  Eliza- 
beth and  Chicago  hospitals;  and  gynecologist-in-chief 
to  the  West  Side  Free  Dispensary.  Dr.  Newman  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  New 
Hampshire;  examiner-in-chief  and  medical  referee, 
Department  of  the  Northwest,  of  the  Berkshire  Life 
Insurance  Company;  elder  in  the  Third  Presbyterian 
Church,  Chicago,  and  member  of  Detroit  Lodge  No.  1, 
F.  and  A.  M. 

Dr.  Newman  has  been  editor  of  the  department  of 
obstetrics  and  gynecology  of  the  North  American 
Practitioner  since  1893,  in  which  journal  appeared,  in 
1889,  a  "History  of  Obstetrics,"  from  his  pen.  He  is 
also  the  author  of  papers  on  "Shock  and  Nervous  In- 
fluences in  Parturition,"  Chicago  Medical  Journal  and 
Examiner,  1885;  "The  Remote  Results  of  Shortening 
the  Round  Ligaments  for  Uterine  Displacements  by  a 
New  and  Original  Method  of  Operation,"  American 
Journal  of  Obstetrics,  Vol.  XXIV.;  "Prolapse  of  the 
Female  Pelvic  Organs,"  the  Journal  of  the  American 
Medical  Association;  "Curettage,  Trachelorrhaphy, 
and  Ventro-fixation";  "The  Sequelae  of  Abortions;" 
"Six  Years'  Experience  in  Shortening  the  Round  Liga- 
ments for  Uterine  Displacements";  "A  Plea  for  More 
Thorough  Training  in  General  Medicine  and  Obstet- 
rics on  the  Part  of  the  Gynecologist,"  etc.  His  origi- 
nal researches  include  abdominal,  pelvic  and  plastic 
gynecological  and  obstetrical  surgery,  and  he  has  de- 
vised surgical  methods  for  shortening  the  round  liga- 
ments for  uterine  displacements.  In  colpoperine- 
orrhaphy,  a  new  method  for  operating  for  hernial  con- 
ditions of  the  rectum,  bladder  and  uterus;  and  in 
new  instruments  he  has  originated  uterine  dilators, 
combined  dressing  forceps  and  dilators,  also  instru- 
ments for  tamponade  of  the  uterus. 

Married,  in  1882,  Miss  Fanny  Louise,  daughter  of 
Lothrop  S.  Hodges,  Esq.,  of  Chicago.  Their  children 
are  Helen  Everett  and  Willard  Hodges,  living,  and 
Eugene  Bush  and  Isabel  Fairbanks,  deceased. 

JOHN  EDWIN  OWENS,  M.  D. 

Dr.  John  E.  Owens,  a  man  of  profound  learning 
and  of  high  professional  attainments,  was  born  at 
Charlestown,  Md.,  October  16,  1836.  He  is  a  son  of  a 
Maryland  planter,  of  Welch  extraction,  and  of  one 
of  the  old  and  influential  families  of  the  South.  John 
completed  his  scholastic  education  under  the  re- 
nowned Edward  Arnold,  LL.  D.,  at  Mount  Washing- 
ton, Md.,  followed  by  his  medical  course,  at  first,  un- 
der Dr.  Justice  Dunnott  at  Elkton,  and  afterward  at 
Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  from  which 
'he  graduated  in  1862.  He  also  took  a  post-graduate 
course  in  surgical  anatomy  and  operative  surgery 
under  Dr.  D.  Hayes  Agnew  of  Philadelphia.  His 
thorough  equipment  for  the  work  of  his  profession 
secured  prompt  recognition.  He  was  elected  resident 
physician  at  Blockley  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  where 
•he  remained  thirteen  months.  Early  in  1863  Dr. 
Owens  tendered  his  services  to  the  Union  Army,  and 
was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Military  Hospital  at 
Chicago.  He  is  senior  surgeon  of  St.  Luke's  Hospital. 
Dr.  Owens  has  been  prominently  connected  with  Chi- 
cage  medical  colleges  since  1867.  For  four  years  he 
was  lecturer  on  surgical  diseases  of  the  urinary  or- 
gans in  Rush,  and  for  nine  years  more  he  lectured 
on  the  principles  and  practice  of  surgery  in  the  same 
institution  in  the  spring  course.  He  subsequently  be- 
came professor  of  orthopedic  surgery  in  the  same  in- 
stitution, and  in  1877  was  made  professor  of  "princi- 
ples and  practice  of  surgery"  in  the  Woman's  Medi- 
cal College.  In  1882  he  joined  the  Chicago  Medi- 


cal College,  occupying  the  ohair  of  "operative  sur- 
gery and  surgical  anatomy."  In  1891  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  chair  of  "principles  and  practice  of  sur- 
gery and  clinical  surgery." 

Dr.  Owens  is  a  member  of  all  the  important  medi- 
cal societies,  local  and  general,  and  for  twenty-two 


JOHN  E.  OWENS,  M. 


years  has  been  superintending  surgeon  of  the  Illinois 
Central  Railway,  and  is  also  chief  surgeon  to  the  Chi- 
cago and  Northwestern  Railway.  He  was  also  medi- 
cal director  of  the  World's  Fair.  He  was  married 
December  30,  1869,  to  Miss  Alethia  S.  Jamar.  They 
have  one  daughter  as  the  fruit  of  this  union. 


DR.   J.  W.  STREETER. 

John  Williams  Streeter  was  born  on  September  14, 
1841,  at  Austinburg,  in  northeastern  Ohio.  He  was 
six  years  of  age  when  his  father  removed  to  western 
New  York,  and  became  pastor  of  a  church  in  Henri- 
etta, five  miles  from  Rochester.  Here  he  went  to 
school  and  completed  an  academic  education,  when 
his  father  removed  to  Westville,  Ohio,  and  accepted 
a  professorship  in  Otterbein  University.  He  wished 
to  give  his  son  a  collegiate  education,  and  was  anxious 
that  he  should  prepare  himself  for  the  study  of  medi- 
cine. As  his  means  were  limited  John  felt  the  neces- 
sity of  striking  out  for  himself,  which  he  did,  some- 
times working  on  a  farm  and  sometimes  teaching. 
At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  young  Streeter  en- 
listed in  the  1st  Michigan  Light  Artillery  and  went 
into  active  service.  He  was  engaged  in  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,  Alabama  and  Georgia,  finally  being  mus- 
tered out  in  September,  1865,  at  the  end  of  the  war, 
as  a  first  lieutenant. 

On  his  muster  out  he  began  the  study  of  medicine 
with  Dr.  Morse,  of  Union  City,  Mich.,  and  in  the  fall 
of  that  year  he  went  to  Ann  Arbor,  where  he  attended 
his  first  course  of  medical  lectures.  He  afterward 
read,  for  a  time,  under  Dr.  D.  C.  Powers,  of  Coldwater, 
Mich.,  who  had  been  the  surgeon  of  his  battery  dur- 
ing the  war,  and  still  later  with  Dr.  Goodwin,  an  ex- 
naval  surgeon,  of  Toledo,  Ohio.  He  devoted  three 
years  to  the  study  of  medicine,  and  then  came  to 
Chicago  and  graduated  from  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 


120 


UNRIVALED   CHICAGO. 


lege  in  1868.  Then  accepting  a  position  as  physician 
in  charge  of  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  dispen- 
sary, he  devoted  himself  for  two  years  almost  entire- 


JOHN  W    STREETER,   11.  D. 

ly  to  a  "charity  practice."     As  he  had  practically  ex- 
hausted his  financial  resources  in  obtaining  his  ertu- 


But  finally  his  professional  skill  brought  him  the 
very  best  class  of  patronage.  He  made  fast  friends 
of  the  patients  who  came  to  him  for  treatment,  and 
he  has  since  swelled  his  income  to  more  than  that 
of  the  average  railroad  president. 

He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Chicago  Homoeo- 
pathic College  in  1877,  and  was  assigned  to  the  chair 
of  "medical  diseases  of  women  and  children."  Two 
years  later  this  was  changed  to  "medical  and  surgical 
diseases  of  women."  Dr.  Streeter  has  given  special 
attention  to  complicated  diseases  of  women,  and  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  most  successful  gynecolo- 
gists in  the  country.  He  has  been  for  several  years 
connected  with  the  Cook  County  Hospital  and  the 
new  hospital  of  the  Chicago  Homoeopathic  College. 
He  has  also  one  of  the  largest  private  hospitals  in  the 
United  States,  the  Streeter  Hospital,  which  was  estab- 
lished in  1888.  From  small  beginnings  it  has  grown 
to  be  one  of  the  finest  and  best  appointed  private 
hospitals  in  the  world.  It  is  situated  on  Calumet  ave- 
nue, is  massive  in  construction,  practically  fire  proof 
and  perfectly  adapted  for  its  use.  Every  room  has  a 
southern  exposure.  The  building  is  heated  by  hot 
water,  lighted  by  electricity,  furnished  with  a  hy- 
draulic elevator,  ventilated  by  a  system  of  electric 
fans,  and  is  in  every  respect  as  complete  as  skill, 
experience  and  money  can  make  it.  There  is  a  train- 
ing school  for  nurses  connected  with  the  hospital. 
Prof.  Streeter  is  in  personal  charge,  performing  all 
operations. 

Dr.  Streeter  was  united  in  marriage  in  1869  to 
Miss  Mary  Clark,  a  daughter  of  Israel  W.  Clark,  of 
Union  City,  Mich.  Three  children,  one  son  and  two 
daughters,  complete  the  family  circle. 

HEMAN   SPALDING,  M.  D. 

Dr.  Heman  Spalding  was  born  at  West  Creek,  Indi- 
ana, September  10,  1852.  He  attended  the  Male  and 


HEMAN    SPALDING,    M.    D. 

Female  College  at  Valparaiso,  after  which  he  entered 
Asbury  University  (now  De  Pauw),  where  he  took  a 
three  years'  classical  course.  After  this  he  engaged  in 

cation,  these  two  years,  which  brought  him  scarcely  teaching  for  several  years,  a  part  of  the  time  as  prin- 
enough  paying  practice  to  meet  the  outlay  for  office  cipal  of  the  Grant  Park  school.  He  began  the  study 
rent,  constituted  the  most  trying  period  of  his  life.  of  medicine  under  Dr.  N.  S.  Davis,  of  Chicago,  and  at 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


121 


the  Chicago  Medical  College,  now  the  Northwestern 
University  Medical  School,  and  graduated  in  1881.  Dr. 
Spalding  has  been  in  constant  practice  since  gradua- 
tion. In  1890,  without  solicitation  on  his  part  or  the 
part  of  his  friends,  he  was  appointed  as  medical  in- 
spector in  the  Department  of  Health  by  Dr.  Wicker- 
sham,  then  Commissioner  of  Health.  As  such,  he  had 
charge  of  the  work  of  suppressing  contagious  diseases 
on  the  south  side  in  Chicago  during  the  epidemic  of 
small-pox  of  1893-94-95.  He  continued  to  hold  this 
position  under  five  different  administrations. 

Dr.  Spalding  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  the  Chicago  Medical  Society,  the  Physi- 
cians' Club,  the  Beta  Theta  Pi  fraternity,  and  the 
Masonic  order.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Evelyn 
Little,  of  Olathe,  Kansas,  December  24,  1889, 


WILLIAM  XAVIER  SUDDUTH,  M.  D. 

Doctor  Sudduth  was  born  January  18,  1853,  at 
Springfield,  111.  He  prepared  for  college  at  the  Illi- 
nois State  Normal,  graduated  Ph.  B.  from  the  Illi- 
nois Wesleyan  University,  Bloomington,  111.,  and  re- 
ceived therefrom  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1889.  He 
began  to  read  medicine  in  1879  under  Dr.  James  B. 
Taylor;  attended  lectures  at  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  New  York,  and  the  Medico-Chirurgical 
College,  Philadelphia,  receiving  the  degree  of  M.  D. 
from  the  latter  in  1885,  and  began  practice  in  Phila- 
delphia the  same  year. 

From  18S4-'90,  Dr.  Sudduth  was  Director  of  the 
Physiological  and  Pathological  laboratory  of  the  Med- 
ico-Chirurgical College  of  Philadelphia,  and  lecturer 
on  clinical  microscopy  and  genito-urinary  diseases, 
with  several  leaves  of  absence  during  the  time  for 
Post-Graduate  study  abroad  and  lecture  courses  in  the 
universities  of  Iowa  and  California.  In  1890  he  was 
elected  professor  of  pathology  and  oral  surgery  in 
the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Minne- 
sota, and  filled  the  chair  acceptably  for  five  years, 
resigning  in  1895  to  engage  in  special  practice. 

Dr.  Sudduth's  literary  efforts  cover  a  wide  range. 
He  was  for  seven  years,  1887-'94,  on  the  staff  of  senior 
Editors  of  the  Annual  of  the  Universal  Medical  Sci- 
ences, Philadelphia.  His  contributions  to  medical  and 
other  literature  on  the  subjects  of  heredity,  narcotism 
and  inebriety  have  been  numerous.  Having  devoted 


considerable  attention  to  psychology  in  its  relation  to 
medicine,  he  is  considered  an  authority  on  the  sub- 
ject. His  practice  is  limited  to  the  treatment  of 
the  morbid  psychological  conditions  that  appear  in 
mental  and  nervous  diseases,  vicious  bodily  habits, 
alcohol,  morphine  and  other  forms  of  inebriety. 

Dr.  Sudduth  is  Professor  of  Morbid  Psychology  and 
Psycho-Therapeutics  and  Director  of  the  Psycho-Phy- 
sical laboratory  of  the  Post-Graduate  Medical  School 
and  Hospital  of  Chicago. 

He  is  an  active  member  of  a  large  number  of  medi- 
cal and  scientific  societies,  both  in  this  country  and 
Europe;  taking  special  interest  in  all  matters  relating 
to  morbid  psychology  and  psychical  research. 

WILLIAM  MARION  STEARNS,  M.  D. 

Dr.  William  M.  Stearns,  one  of  the  foremost  physi- 
cians in  the  city,  was  born  at  Dale,  New  York,  June 
20,  1856.  His  parents  removed  during  his  infancy  to 
Will  County,  Illinois,  where  he  received  his  early 
training  in  the  common  and  high  schools.  He  fitted 
himself  for  teaching,  which  he  followed  several  years. 
At  twenty-one  he  entered  the  Chicago  Homoeopathic 
Medical  College,  graduating  in  1880.  He  was  then 
offered  a  position  as  house  physician  and  surgeon  of 
the  state  penitentiary  at  Joliet,  which  he  accepted 
and  held  for  three  years.  In  1883  he  went  to  Europe 
for  two  years'  post-graduate  study  in  the  great  Ger- 
man and  Austrian  hospitals,  devoting  himself  to  his 


I  WM.  M.  STEARNS,  M.  D. 

chosen  specialty,  the  diseases  of  the  ear,  nose  and 
throat.  On  his  return  he  was  appointed  assistant 
to  the  professor  of  otology  and  ophthalmology  in  the 
Chicago  Homoeopathic  Medical  College;  and  in  1890 
was  elected  professor  of  rhinology  and  laryngology 
in  the  same  institution  In  these  specialties  Dr. 
Stearns  has  taken  high  rank  in  his  profession,  his 
great  abilities  being  fully  recognized  by  the  profes- 
sion at  large.  In  1887  Dr.  Stearns  married  Miss  Fan- 
nie A.  Foote,  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Foote,  a  well-known 
dentist  of  Belvidere,  Illinois. 

EDWIN  HARTLEY  PRATT,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 

Dr.   Edwin   Hartley   Pratt  is  one  of  those   strong, 
forceful  characters  which  stamp  their  personalities 


122 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


upon  the  age  in  which  they  live.  He  was  born  at 
Towanda,  Pennsylvania,  November  6,  1849.  His  in- 
dependence of  character  began  to  assert  itself  at  an 
early  age.  While  taking  his  preparatory  course  at 
Wheaton  College,  Illinois,  the  college  authorities 
learned  that  he  had  been  active  in  the  organization 
of  a  Good  Templar  lodge,  when  they  demanded  that 
he  sever  his  connection  with  it.  This  he  refused  to 
do,  preferring  to  leave  the  school  rather  than  submit 
to  an  arbitrary  interference  with  his  personal  lib- 
erty. He  then  entered  Che  Chicago  University,  gradu- 
ating in  1871.  In  t)he  meantime  he  had  decided  upon 
medicine  as  a  profession,  and  so  entered  Hahnemann 
Medical  College,  graduating  in  1873  with  degree  of 
M.  D.,  being  valedictorian  of  his  class. 

Upon  gradu- 
ation, his  rec- 
ord having 
been  so  high, 
he  was  placed 
upon  the  staff 
of  Hahnemann 
as  a  teacher 
and  as  assist- 
ant to  the  pro- 
fessor of  anat- 
omy. The  reg- 
ular professor 
being  absent  so 
much  of  the 
time,  almost 
the  whole  of 
the  duties  fell 
upon  him.  Here 
h  e  acquitted 
himself  so  well 
that,  at  the  fol- 
lowing term, 
he  was  ten- 
dered the  chair 

0  f        anatomy, 
with  a  fair  sal- 
ary,   which    he 
accepted.         In 
the    spring     of 
1876    Dr.    Pratt 
resigned     from 
the        faculty 
along        with 
nine         others, 
out  of  thirteen 
professors,   and 
assisted   in   the 
organization  of 
the       Chicago 
H  o  moeopathic 
College.         H  e 
was    given    the 
chair    of    anat- 
omy in  the  new 

1  n  a  t  i  t  u  t  ion. 
This     he     held 
until         1883, 
when    he     was 

transferred  to  the  chair  of  surgery,  which  he  still  fills. 
While  Dr.  Pratt's  success  as  an  instructor  has  been 
conspicuous,  it  is  in  the  field  of  original  research 
that  are  found  his  greatest  achievements.  It  was 
while  handling  the  complicated  and  obscure  cases 
in  his  college  clinics  that  he  discovered  the  effect  of 
certain  surgical  operations  upon  particular  chronic 
diseases.  From  his  observations  he  was  enabled  to 
draw  certain  deductions,  which  received  a  most  un- 
expected and  complete  verification.  After  one  of  his 
lectures,  sixteen  members  of  his  class  presented  them- 
selves for  treatment.  The  result  was  a  marvelous 
success.  Thenceforth  orificial  surgery  became  fully 


EDWIN    H.    PRATT,    M.    D. 


established  in  the  curriculum  of  the  college.  A  chair 
of  orificial  surgery  was  created,  which  was  filled  by 
Dr.  Pratt. 

Dr.  Pratt  has  been  highly  honored  by  his  medical 
brethren  at  home  and  abroad  for  his  important  dis- 
coveries. He  has  been  made  an  honorary  member  of 
the  Missouri,  Ohio,  and  Kentucky  Medical  Societies 
and  the  Southern  Association  of  Physicians.  He  is 
an  active  member  of  the  Illinois  State  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, the  Chicago  Academy  of  Medicine  and  the 
American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy.  He  was  also 
honored  with  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  by  his  alma  mater. 
It  was  he  who  established  the  beautiful  and  now 
famous  Lincoln  Park  Sanitarium,  where  the  princi- 
ples of  orificial  surgery  have  been  put  to  extensive 

and  varied 
tests,  which 
have  demon- 
strated their 
great  value. 
Here  patients 
have  come  for 
treatment  and 
physicians  for 
instruction.  A 
new  monthly 
magazine  has 
been  estab- 
1  i  s  h  e  d,  The 
Journal  of  Ori- 
ficial Surgery, 
of  which  Dr. 
Pratt  is  the 
e  d  itor-in- 
chief. 

Dr.  Pratt 
has  since  or- 
gan i  z  e  d  the 
Pratt  Sanitari- 
um, where  the 
same  high 
grade  is  con- 
tinued as  in 
the  other.  All 
the  most  com- 
plicated forms 
of  chronic  dis- 
eases are  treat- 
ed ;  and  here 
p  hysicians 
come  from  far 
and  near  to 
learn  to  apply 
the  same  skill 
shown  by  Dr. 
Pratt. 

Dr.  Pratt 
was  married 
June  26,  1877. 
to  Miss  Isa 
N.  Bailey,  of 
Jersey  Heights, 
New  Jersey. 
Their  marriage 

has  been  blessed  with  two  children.  One  daughter. 
Isabel,  died  when  eighteen  months  old;  -and  a  son, 
Edwin  Bailey  Pratt,  was  killed  in  a  street  car  acci- 
dent when  eight  and  a  half  years  old. 

THE  CHICAGO  COLLEGE  OF  DENTAL  SURGERY. 

(Lake  Forest  University.) 

This  institution  was  first  organized  in  the  summer 
of  1883,  with  a  faculty  of  only  three  professors  and 
eighteen  matriculates.  It  was  not  until  five  years 
later  that  the  lot  was  purchased  upon  which  its  pres- 
ent magnificent  home  has  since  been  erected.  Five 
more  passed  before  the  first  section  of  its  building 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


was  constructed;  and  now,  during  the  season  of  1896, 
it  has  its  completed  structure  occupied  by  a  faculty 
of  87  instructors  and  503  matriculates.  The  new 
building  was  dedicated  December  4,  1896.  Dr.  Tru- 
man W.  Brophy,  the  dean  of  the  faculty,  in  his  ad- 
dress at  the  dedication,  briefly  sketched  the  history  of 
the  college  and  the  causes  which  have  contributed  to 
its  success.  He  said  that  "this  was  the  first  institu- 
tion of  its  kind  in  this  country  to  introduce  and  use 
lor  the  benefit  of  its  students  a  complete  apparatus 
for  the  cultivation  of  bacteria,  thus  demonstrating 


PRACTITIONERS'   COURSE. 

The  practitioners'  course  begins  April  1st  and  con- 
tinues until  July  1st.  This  course  consists  of  prac- 
tical and  didactic  work  in  all  branches  of  dentistry. 

In  the  department  of  prosthetic  dentistry  is  taught 
the  latest  and  most  approved  methods  in  plate,  crown 
and  bridge  work,  continuous  gum,  porcelain  and 
metal  work.  Dr.  A.  O.  Hunt  is  in  constant  atten- 
dance in  this  department. 

The    clinical    staff    of    the    infirmary    is    on    duty 


CHICAGO    COLLEGE    OP    DENTAL    SURGERY. 


the  active  agents  that  cause  caries  of  the  teeth  and 
methods  for  effecting  their  destruction.  It  was  also 
the  first  to  organize  freshmen  students  into  classes 
for  practical  work  in  dental  technology,  both  oper- 
ative and  prosthetic.  In  addition  to  these  innova- 
tions in  teaching,  clinics  were  organized  in  the  col- 
lege and  conducted  for  the  benefit  of  the  senior  stu- 
dents by  skillful  and  successful  practitioners." 

The  college  building  is  now  120  feet  front  on  Wood 
street  by  85  feet  on  Harrison  and  is  six  stories  high. 
It  was  designed  after  a  careful  examination  of  all 
the  best  dental  schools  in  the  United  States.  Every 
feature  of  special  value  in  any  of  them  has  been 
incorporated:  so  that,  in  construction  and  arrange- 
ment, it  comes  as  near  perfection  as  the  present 
knowledge  of  the  art  admits.  In  addition  to  this, 
no  pains  or  expense  has  been  spared  in  its  equip- 
ment: so  that  the  Chicago  College  of  Dental  Surgery 
is  in  the  front  rank  of  like  institutions  in  America. 


during  the  course:  and  clinics  demonstrating  the 
most  approved  methods  of  operation  and  the  thera- 
peutical actions  of  all  the  latest  drugs  are  conducted 
daily.  Superior  advantages  are  offered  to  those  who 
feel  the  need  of  advanced  or  special  training  in  the 
branches  of  practical  and  scientific  dentistry. 

The  regular  surgical  clinic  is  conducted  every  Tues- 
day at  2:30  p.  m.  in  the  surgical  clinic  room. 

A  complete  course  in  practical  oral  surgery,  em- 
bracing the  discussion  and  presentation  of  surgical 
diseases,  are  given.  The  clinic,  which  is  very  large 
and  replete  with  interesting  cases,  presents  material 
for  a  variety  of  operations  which  are  performed  in 
the  presence  of  the  class.  Each  member  of  the  class 
who  attends  four  weeks'  instruction,  beginning  at 
any  time  during  the  course,  receives  the  practitioner's 
certificate.  Letters  of  inquiry  should  be  addressed  to 
Dr.  Truman  W.  Brophy,  Dean, 
126  State  Street,  Chicago. 


124 


UNRIVALED  CHICAGO. 


DENTISTS. 


TRUMAN  W.  BROPHY,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.,  LL.  D. 

Dr.  Truman  W.  Brophy,  educated  both  as  a  physi- 
cian and  a  dentist,  undoubtedly  stands  at  the  head  of 
the  dental  profession  in  Chicago.  He  is  dean  of  the 
Chicago  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  and  was  one  of  its 
founders.  He  was  born  in  Will  County,  Illinois,  April 
12,  1848.  He  took  a  preparatory  course  at  the  Elgin 
Academy,  and  entered  upon  his  professional  studies 
in  1866.  He  took  a  course  at  the  Philadelphia  College 
of  Dental  Surgery,  graduating  in  1872.  Then,  after 
obtaining  what  experience  he  could  by  a  tour  of  the 


T.  W.  BROPHT,   M.  D.,   D.   D.   S.,   LL.   D. 

medical  colleges  and  hospitals  of  the  East,  he  re- 
turned to  Chicago  and  began  his  practice.  But  he 
found  cases  requiring  a  more  extended  knowledge  of 
medicine  and  surgery  than  was  taught  in  the  dental 
colleges,  and  so,  in  1878,  he  began  a  regular  course 
of  study  at  Rush  Medical  College.  He  graduated  in 
1880  as  president  of  his  class  with  the  degree  of  M.  D., 
and  was  at  once  elected  to  the  chair  of  dental  path- 
ology and  surgery  in  that  college.  He  has  since  taken 
rank  at  the  head  of  his  profession.  Dr.  Brophy  stands 
high  in  all  the  professional  societies,  Vocal  and  gen- 
eral, and  also  among  the  numerous  social  clmbs,  of 
which  he  is  a  member.  He  married  Miss  Emma  J. 
Mason,  of  Chicago,  in  1873. 


JAMES  E.  LOW,  D.  D.  S. 

Dr.  James  E.  Low  was  born  in  Otsego  County,  New 
York,  in  1837.      He  is  a  son  of  Ronald  and  Susan 


(Howard)  Low.  His  inclination  and  ambition  always 
were  to  obtain  for  himself  an  education  that  would 
fit  him  for  a  professional  career  in  life.  With  this  end 
in  view,  his  indomitable  will  power,  which  has  been 
a  leading  characteristic  through  life,  removed  all 
obstacles.  After  gaining  a  reputation  of  being  an 
expert  as  a  dental  surgeon  in  the  East,  Dr.  Low  came 
to  Chicago  in  1865,  where  he  began  the  practice  of 
dentistry;  and,  in  a  short  time,  established  a  remun- 
erative and  distinctive  business.  But  the  object  of 
this  sketch  is  more  especially  to  speak  of  the  many 
innovations  he  has  made  in  dental  practice  from 
time  to  time.  Being  of  an  inventive  turn  of  mind  and 
of  tireless  industry,  he  has  been  constantly  bringing 
new  and  valuable  methods  and  ideas  into  practical 
use.  Bridge  and  crown  work,  which  was  one  of  the 
first  of  his  inventions,  gave  him  a  world-wide  reputa- 
tion. His  great  work  for  the  benefit  of  mankind 


JAMES  E.  LOW,  D.  D.  S. 

has  given  him  a  place  in  dental  science  which  will 
never  be  forgotten;  and  he  may  well  be  placed  in  the 
front  rank  as  one  of  the  'benefactors  of  mankind.  He 
is  always  popular  with  his  students  and  patrons,  as 
well  as  his  many  assistants.  His  broad  spirit  and 
great  energy  have  enabled  him  to  bring  his  view  be- 
fore the  people;  and  to-day  he  has  the  satisfaction  of 
seeing  them  extensively  incorporated  into  the  prac- 
tice of  the  profession. 

His  office,  which  is  located  in  the  First  National 
Bank  Building,  164  Dearborn  street,  where  it  has  been 
since  the  completion  of  the  building,  is  well  patron- 
ized by  a  class  of  appreciative  customers,  who  know- 
ingly seek  his  valuable  services. 


A* 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 

917731UN7  C001 

UNRIVALED  CHICAGO  CHGO 


30112025339919 


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